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基于数字孪生和强化学习的低空智联网协同认知干扰

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数据采集与处理 2024年第1期39卷 15-30页

作者：沈高青蔡圣所雷磊贲德南京航空航天大学公共实验教学部南京211106 南京航空航天大学电子信息工程学院南京211106

针对低空智联网协同认知干扰决策过程中,多架电子干扰无人机对抗多部多功能雷达的干扰资源分配问题,提出了一种基于数字孪生和深度强化学习的认知干扰决策方法。首先,将协同电子干扰问题建模为马尔可夫决策问题,建立认知干扰决策系统模... 详细信息

针对低空智联网协同认知干扰决策过程中,多架电子干扰无人机对抗多部多功能雷达的干扰资源分配问题,提出了一种基于数字孪生和深度强化学习的认知干扰决策方法。首先,将协同电子干扰问题建模为马尔可夫决策问题,建立认知干扰决策系统模型,综合考虑干扰对象、干扰功率和干扰样式选择约束,构建智能体动作空间、状态空间和奖励函数。其次,在近端策略优化(Proximal policy optimization,PPO)深度强化学习算法的基础上,提出了自适应学习率近端策略优化(Adaptive learning rate proximal policy optimization,APPO)算法。同时,为了以高保真的方式提高深度强化学习算法的训练速度,提出了一种基于数字孪生的协同电子干扰决策模型训练方法。仿真结果表明,与已有的深度强化学习算法相比,APPO算法干扰效能提升30%以上,所提训练方法能够提高50%以上的模型训练速度。

关键词：多无人机协同认知干扰决策多功能雷达深度强化学习数字孪生

Superior effectiveness and acceptability of saliva samples for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in China

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Biosafety and Health 2024年第2期6卷 88-91页

作者： Hui Yao Ying shen Zhichao Liang Xiaoyu Xue Chenxi Zhao Xiang Xu Yuxin cai Yonghong Liu Wei Zhang Yang Pan Xiaoli Wang Beijing Office of Global Health Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and ControlBeijing 100013China Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and ControlBeijing 100013China National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases Beijing Ditan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100015China Center for Drug Evaluation National Medical Products AdministrationBeijing 100176China School of Public Health Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100069China

In response to problems of poor sampling quality,low sensitivity,and high demand for medical personnel regarding the current severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)oropharyngeal(OP)swab sampling used in China,we aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance and acceptability of saliva-based nucleic acid amplification tests(NAATs)in *** results showed that,using nasopharyngeal(NP)swab results as the gold standard,the overall sensitivities for saliva specimens and OP swabs were 93.3%and 85.0%,the specificities were 92.6%and 93.8%,*** results of an acceptability survey showed that the scores for saliva,OP,and NP samples were 9.46±1.69,8.11±2.42,and 4.58±3.82 out of 10,respectively,with significant differences among the three groups(P<0.05).With higher sensitivity,comparable specificity,and strong public preference,saliva-based NAATs represent a convenient and effective method for detecting SARS-CoV-2 in future epidemics.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 Saliva sample Sensitivity Acceptability

Machine-learning-based models assist the prediction of pulmonary embolism in autoimmune diseases: A retrospective, multicenter study

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中华医学杂志(英文版) 2024年第15期137卷 1811-1822页

作者： Hu Ziwei Hu Yangyang Zhang Shuoqi Dong Li Chen Xiaoqi Yang Huiqin Su Linchong Hou Xiaoqiang Huang Xia shen Xiaolan Ye Cong Tu Wei Chen Yu Chen Yuxue cai Shaozhe Zhong Jixin Dong Lingli Department of Rheumatology and Immunology Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei China Department of Radiology Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei China Department of Rheumatology and Immunology Jingzhou Central Hospital Yangtze University Jinzhou Hubei China Department of Rheumatology and Immunology Zhongnan Hospital Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei China Department of Rheumatology Wuhan No.Hospital Wuhan Hubei China Department of Rheumatology Minda Hospital of Hubei Minzu University Enshi Hubei China Department of Rheumatology and Immunology The First College of Clinical Medical Science China Three Gorges University Yichang Hubei China

Background: Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a severe and acute cardiovascular syndrome with high mortality among patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases (AIIRDs). Accurate prediction and timely intervention play a pivotal role in enhancing survival rates. However, there is a notable scarcity of practical early prediction and risk assessment systems of PE in patients with ***: In the training cohort, 60 AIIRD with PE cases and 180 age-, gender-, and disease-matched AIIRD non-PE cases were identified from 7254 AIIRD cases in Tongji Hospital from 2014 to 2022. Univariable logistic regression (LR) and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) were used to select the clinical features for further training with machine learning (ML) methods, including random forest (RF), support vector machines (SVM), neural network (NN), logistic regression (LR), gradient boosted decision tree (GBDT), classification and regression trees (CART), and C5.0 models. The performances of these models were subsequently validated using a multicenter validation ***: In the training cohort, 24 and 13 clinical features were selected by univariable LR and LASSO strategies, respectively. The five ML models (RF, SVM, NN, LR, and GBDT) showed promising performances, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of 0.962-1.000 in the training cohort and 0.969-0.999 in the validation cohort. CART and C5.0 models achieved AUCs of 0.850 and 0.932, respectively, in the training cohort. Using D-dimer as a pre-screening index, the refined C5.0 model achieved an AUC exceeding 0.948 in the training cohort and an AUC above 0.925 in the validation cohort. These results markedly outperformed the use of D-dimer levels ***: ML-based models are proven to be precise for predicting the onset of PE in patients with AIIRD exhibiting clinical suspicion of *** Registration: ***: ChiCTR2200059599.

关键词： Autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases Pulmonary embolism Predictive model Machine learning

Machine learning identifies the risk of complications after laparoscopic radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第1期30卷 79-90页

作者： Qing-Qi Hong Su Yan Yong-Liang Zhao Lin Fan Li Yang Wen-Bin Zhang Hao Liu He-Xin Lin Jian Zhang Zhi-Jian Ye Xian shen Li-sheng cai Guo-Wei Zhang Jia-Ming Zhu Gang Ji Jin-Ping Chen Wei Wang Zheng-Rong Li Jing-Tao Zhu Guo-Xin Li Jun You Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen UniversitySchool of MedicineXiamen 361001Fujian ProvinceChina Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Qinghai University Affiliated HospitalXining 810000Qinghai ProvinceChina Department of General Surgery and Center of Minimal Invasive Gastrointestinal Surgery The First Hospital Affiliated to Army Medical UniversityChongqing 400038China Department of General Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an 710061Shaanxi ProvinceChina Department of General Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029Jiangsu ProvinceChina Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrmuqi 830054Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous RegionChina Department of General Surgery Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515Guangdong ProvinceChina Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Affiliated Hangzhou First People's HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310006Zhejiang ProvinceChina Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361004Fujian ProvinceChina Department of Surgery The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325027Zhejiang ProvinceChina Department of General Surgery Unit 4 Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityZhangzhou 363000Fujian ProvinceChina Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical CollegeXiamen 361021Fujian ProvinceChina Department of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Hernia Surgery The Second Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun 130041Jilin ProvinceChina Department of Digestive Diseases Xijing HospitalAir Force Military Medical UniversityXi'an 710032Shaanxi ProvinceChina Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical UniversityQuanzhou 362002Fujian Provin

BACKGROUND Laparoscopic radical gastrectomy is widely used,and perioperative complications have become a highly concerned *** To develop a predictive model for complications in laparoscopic radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer to better predict the likelihood of complications in gastric cancer patients within 30 days after surgery,guide perioperative treatment strategies for gastric cancer patients,and prevent serious *** In total,998 patients who underwent laparoscopic radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer at 16 Chinese medical centers were included in the training group for the complication model,and 398 patients were included in the validation *** clinicopathological data and 30-d postoperative complications of gastric cancer patients were *** machine learning methods,lasso regression,random forest,and artificial neural networks,were used to construct postoperative complication prediction models for laparoscopic distal gastrectomy and laparoscopic total gastrectomy,and their prediction efficacy and accuracy were *** The constructed complication model,particularly the random forest model,could better predict serious complications in gastric cancer patients undergoing laparoscopic radical *** exhibited stable performance in external validation and is worthy of further promotion in more *** Using the risk factors identified in multicenter datasets,highly sensitive risk prediction models for complications following laparoscopic radical gastrectomy were *** hope to facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of preoperative and postoperative decision-making by using these models.

关键词： Gastric cancer Laparoscopic radical gastrectomy Postoperative complications Laparoscopic total gastrectomy

SMILE术中应用十字定位法矫正低中度散光的临床效果

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国际眼科杂志 2024年第2期24卷 301-306页

作者：曹文佳申笛才俊韦伟西北大学附属第一医院西安市第一医院、陕西省眼科研究所、陕西省眼科学重点实验室、陕西省眼科疾病临床医学研究中心陕西省西安市710001

目的:采用Alpins矢量分析法评估飞秒激光小切口角膜基质透镜取出术(SMILE)术中应用十字定位法矫正低中度散光的临床效果。方法:前瞻性随机对照研究。纳入2022-05/11在西安市第一医院激光近视治疗中心进行SMILE手术且散光度数≤1.50 D的... 详细信息

目的:采用Alpins矢量分析法评估飞秒激光小切口角膜基质透镜取出术(SMILE)术中应用十字定位法矫正低中度散光的临床效果。方法:前瞻性随机对照研究。纳入2022-05/11在西安市第一医院激光近视治疗中心进行SMILE手术且散光度数≤1.50 D的低中度顺规散光患者50例81眼,依据随机表分为十字组患者25例41眼术中在进行标准SMILE程序之前术者根据十字交叉线调整患者头位,使患者双眼外眦与水平线对齐,眉心及鼻梁与垂直线对齐;未用十字定位法的对照组25例40眼。观察两组患者术后3 mo视力及屈光情况,采用Alpins矢量分析法对散光变化进行分析评估。结果:随访期间十字组失访6例11眼,对照组失访8例14眼。最终十字组纳入19例30眼,对照组纳入17例26眼。术后3 mo,两组患者术眼裸眼视力(UCVA)均≥1.0,均未出现严重并发症,两组间UCVA、最佳矫正视力(BCVA)、球镜度及等效球镜度比较均无差异(均P>0.05)。十字组柱镜度数0.00(0.00,0.00)D小于对照组-0.13(-0.50,0.00)D(P=0.01)。矢量分析结果显示,十字组的矢量误差(DV)低于对照组[0.00(0.00,0.00)vs 0.13(0.00,0.50),P=0.01],成功指数(IOS)优于对照组[0.00(0.00,0.00)vs 0.18(0.00,0.77),P<0.01]。术后3 mo,十字组和对照组角度误差(AE)在±5°内的眼数分别为26眼(87%)、15眼(58%)。结论:SMILE术中应用十字定位法校准患者头位,减小了SMILE矫正低中度散光的轴位误差,提高SMILE矫正低中度散光的精确性。

关键词：矢量分析十字定位法飞秒激光小切口角膜基质透镜取出术(SMILE) 近视散光

计及大规模电网分级分区解耦的区域电网供电碳排放因子计算模型研究

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中国电机工程学报 2024年第3期44卷 894-904,I0004页

作者：彭天海蔡萱瞿子涵唐爱红申冉王庆铭余文晗国网湖北省电力有限公司湖北省武汉市430077 国网湖北省电力有限公司电力科学研究院湖北省武汉市430015 武汉理工大学自动化学院湖北省武汉市430070 国网湖北省电力有限公司宜昌供电公司湖北省宜昌市443099

各供电区域碳排放的精准核算是供电企业进行碳排放管理、促进“双碳”目标的前提。该文提出以500 kV电压等级为主网的大规模电网分级分区电量交换等效模型;针对消纳电量发电类型比例、交换电量发电类型比例和碳迹不明的区域,该文将省内... 详细信息

各供电区域碳排放的精准核算是供电企业进行碳排放管理、促进“双碳”目标的前提。该文提出以500 kV电压等级为主网的大规模电网分级分区电量交换等效模型;针对消纳电量发电类型比例、交换电量发电类型比例和碳迹不明的区域,该文将省内电网分为多个等级,每个等级包含多个供电区域,基于电力生产和消费守恒和省间、省内各级各区域电网间交换电量的平衡关系,提出根据消纳电量所属区域的火、水、风、光等不同种类发电量比例计算的省内大规模电网分级分区解耦的区域电网供电碳排放因子计算模型。分别构建省内总发电量及各类型发电量计算模型、输送至外省各类型发电量的计算模型和省内各级电网各区域内各类型发电量计算模型,推导省内各级电网各区域供电综合碳排放因子和碳排放量的计算模型。案例计算表明,该文所提分级分区的方法和所构建各电量的计算模型是有效合理的。

关键词：供电区域碳排放因子交换电量分级分区解耦综合碳排放因子

二叠纪-三叠纪转折期升温事件与陆地生态系统

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第四纪研究 2024年第5期44卷 1093-1107页

作者：张华蔡垚峰角升林沈树忠中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所古生物学与油气地层应用重点实验室江苏南京210008 中国科学院大学北京100049 南京大学地球科学与工程学院关键地球物质循环前沿科学中心内生金属成矿机制研究国家重点实验室江苏南京210023

距今2.52亿年前的二叠纪末期,剧烈的火山活动导致大量CO_(2)和CH_(4)等温室气体释放,引起全球海洋表层平均水温快速上升8~10℃,而陆地的升温幅度可能更大。这次升温事件对海、陆生态系统都造成致命打击,然而,陆地生态系统对这次全球升... 详细信息

距今2.52亿年前的二叠纪末期,剧烈的火山活动导致大量CO_(2)和CH_(4)等温室气体释放,引起全球海洋表层平均水温快速上升8~10℃,而陆地的升温幅度可能更大。这次升温事件对海、陆生态系统都造成致命打击,然而,陆地生态系统对这次全球升温事件的响应模式研究相对较弱。全球二叠纪-三叠纪转折期陆相沉积序列中保存了诸多升温事件的证据,其中包括:全球不同地理区域的陆地植物群遭受了灾难性灭绝,北半球中-高纬度安加拉植物区裸子植物为主的植物群、低纬度地区华夏植物区的热带雨林型大羽羊齿植物群、南半球中-高纬度冈瓦纳植物群的舌羊齿类等高大树木都在二叠纪末消失,三叠纪初的植物化石以矮小的适应干旱环境的石松类为主;二叠纪末期全球范围内陆相地层中炭屑化石和燃烧源多环芳烃富集,表明二叠纪末的野火事件在全球范围内频繁发生,导致陆地生态系统的快速去森林化和早三叠世全球范围内煤沉积间断;二叠系乐平统灰绿色/黄绿色含煤岩系被下三叠统紫红色岩系覆盖,其中含有大量没有任何分选和磨圆的同生土壤角砾,以及蒸发环境下形成的淡水钙质结核和石膏沉积等,指示当时气候干旱和土壤系统崩溃。陆地植被系统的崩溃加剧了全球碳循环的异常波动和大陆风化,大量陆源物质输入海洋环境使其富营养化和缺氧面积急剧扩张、微生物岩和白云岩发育。二叠纪末整个地球地表生态环境灾变过程为当前地球所面临的快速升温提供了重要历史借鉴。

关键词：二叠纪-三叠纪转折期升温事件沉积记录野火事件陆地生态系统

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论我国患者生前预嘱撤回权的行使

广西政法管理干部学院学报 2024年第1期39卷 117-128页

作者：蔡耀燊吉林大学法学院吉林长春130012

依据“入口—出口”的制度设定逻辑以及《民法典》关于生命尊严和撤回权的规定,可解释出患者享有生前预嘱撤回权。患者可亲自行使撤回权,亦可委托代理,但未经许可,法定代理人不得撤回。患者亲自行使时,对其行使能力要求应采浮动认定机制... 详细信息

依据“入口—出口”的制度设定逻辑以及《民法典》关于生命尊严和撤回权的规定,可解释出患者享有生前预嘱撤回权。患者可亲自行使撤回权,亦可委托代理,但未经许可,法定代理人不得撤回。患者亲自行使时,对其行使能力要求应采浮动认定机制:原则上应具备完全民事行为能力,但如果撤回的预嘱内容是“拒绝维生治疗”时,可降低行使能力标准。生前预嘱撤回方式的选择围绕“如何让患者更有效地行使撤回权”展开,内蕴便捷患者行使和真实性证明二元价值之争。我国患者可采一切能证明其主体能力和内心真意的撤回方式,体现对真实性价值的倾斜和对便捷性价值的兼顾。

关键词：民法典生前预嘱撤回权

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土壤有机碳汇内涵与核算方法辨析

生态学报 2024年第2期44卷 602-611页

作者：蔡亚楠鞠正山黄勤冯金超沈颖自然资源部国土整治中心北京100035 中国地质大学(北京)土地科学技术学院北京100083 自然资源部土地工程技术创新中心北京100035

在“碳达峰、碳中和”战略需求下,土壤有机碳汇作为生态系统碳汇的重要组成部分,土壤碳库容量以及如何开展土壤有机碳汇核算日益成为生态碳汇的研究热点。梳理了国内外土壤有机碳汇及核算相关研究成果,解析了土壤有机碳汇的概念内涵,提... 详细信息

在“碳达峰、碳中和”战略需求下,土壤有机碳汇作为生态系统碳汇的重要组成部分,土壤碳库容量以及如何开展土壤有机碳汇核算日益成为生态碳汇的研究热点。梳理了国内外土壤有机碳汇及核算相关研究成果,解析了土壤有机碳汇的概念内涵,提出了以稳定性有机碳作为土壤有机碳汇的表征指标及获取方法。从土壤发生学角度提出了土壤碳汇阈值的概念,土壤中有机碳的含量随着分解转化最终会达到动态平衡,此时稳定有机碳含量值约是常数,这个常数就是稳定碳库的库容,在特定的成土因素下,碳库的核算值不会超过平衡时的常态值。在客观上,体现在非人类干扰状态下不同土壤类型自然状态下的稳定性有机碳含量。参照土壤有机质平衡理论,提出了土壤碳汇核算的定量化方法,为土壤碳汇的度量和核算提供了一套技术思路。下一步土壤有机碳汇的核算应在科学研究基础上多角度凝聚共识,制定碳汇核算标准,确定不同尺度下可操作、可重复以及可复制的土壤有机碳汇核算技术与方法。

关键词：土壤有机碳汇碳汇内涵核算方法