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Coastal Accessibility and Availability for Physical Activity: A Cross-Sectional Assessment in New Zealand Adults

Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2016年第12期6卷 273-286页

作者： Nick Garrett melody smith Philip J. Schluter Barbara Bollard-Breen Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Auckland University of Technology Auckland New Zealand School of Nursing The University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand School of Health Sciences University of Canterbury—Te Whare Wānanga o Waitaha Christchurch New Zealand School of Nursing Midwifery and Social Work The University of Queensland Brisbane Australia School of Applied Sciences Auckland University of Technology Auckland New Zealand

Background: This study aimed to examine cross-sectional relationships between objective measures of the built environment (neighborhood walkability and access to and availability of public open spaces including the coast) with self-reported physical activity in adults residing in Auckland, New Zealand. Methods: A telephone survey captured self-reported physical activity and socio-demographic information from adult residents from randomly selected households. Robust approaches were employed to deriving and “ground-truthing” objective built environment measures around individual addresses. Multivariable binary logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between environmental factors and being classified as accumulating sufficient physical activity or otherwise. Results: A total of 1986 participants agreed to participate. Compared with those with no coastal access points within an 800 m street network buffer of their residence, those with 1 - 2 access points were 1.45 times more likely to be classified as sufficiently active (95% CI 1.08, 1.94, p = 0.05). Compared with individuals with no coastal settings within their neighborhood buffer, those with at least two coastal settings in their neighborhood were significantly more likely to be sufficiently active (p = 0.03). Conclusion: Access to, and availability of, coastal places were important associates of accumulating sufficient activity for health in this population.

关键词： Built Environment Environment Health Behaviour

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GUIDEA—Guidance for Dietary Intake and Exposure Assessment—A New Resource for Exposure Assessment Professionals

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2013年第3期4卷 315-320页

作者： John Howlett Neil Buck Matthew Buck Jeanne H. M. de Vries Veronika Ehrlich melody Hove Astrid G. Kruizinga Pratima R. Jasti Benjamin smith David Tennant DSM Basel Switzerland Firmenich S.A. Geneva Switzerland Food Chemical Risk Analysis Brighton UK ILSI Europe A.I.S.B.L. Brussels Belgium Nestec LTD. Lausanne Switzerland RatwareUK Skelmersdale UK TNO Triskelion Zeist The Netherlands Wageningen University Wageningen Wageningen University Wageningen The Netherlands West Hill Wembley Park UK

Exposure assessment is a key component of any risk-benefit assessment, yet it is clear that there is a lack of reliable methodology in this area for assessing consumer exposures to both food constituents and nonfood products. The International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI) Europe Food Intake Methodology Task Force has in the past explored methods to assess the intake of nutrients/additives and exposure to contaminants/residues from food. In December 2008, a workshop was held to discuss the differences between different types of exposure assessments as well as the difficulties involved in the practical application of the methods available. It was noted that although no two assessments are the same in terms of data required and its availability, or the assumptions made, there is also wide and perhaps unnecessary variation between the approaches taken by different assessors. As a result, the ILSI Europe Food Intake Methodology Task Force initiated an activity aimed at producing a practical guide for conducting intake/exposure assessments in the form of an interactive web-based application. During the course of this work it became clear that the best form in which to present the guide would be a web-based MediaWiki-type system. A website was developed and launched in October 2012, at which time global experts and practitioners in dietary exposure assessment were invited to register to use the site and help keep the knowledge contained within it, relevant and up-to-date. It is hoped that the guide will be an important reference source for a wide group of stakeholders, providing concise guidance on the planning, conduct, reporting and interpretation of exposure assessments and contributing to greater harmonisation of the dietary intake/exposure methodologies used.

关键词： Exposure Assessment Intake Assessment Risk Assessment Online Resource

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HIGHLY STRUNG GUANGZHOU MUSIC SHOPS

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城市漫步（GBA版） 2014年第4期 33-33页

作者： S.E.smith 不详

So you've written the lyrics,got the melody down and are ready to bash out a ***'s just one problem:you've got no thing to bash out your song *** not,because That's PRD has put together four places for those in need o... 详细信息

关键词： tuning MUSIC OPS

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