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Effect of Bimodal Grain Size Distribution on the Strain Hardening Behavior of a Medium-Entropy Alloy

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2021年第4期34卷 465-475页

作者： Ibrahim Ondicho Bernard Alunda Fredrick Madaraka melody Chepkoech Department of Mechanical Engineering Dedan Kimathi University of TechnologyPrivate bag-10143Dedan KimathiNyeriKenya Materials Designand Manufacturing(MADEMA)GroupDedan Kimathi University of TechnologyPrivate Bag-10143Dedan KimathiNyeriKenya Department of Mining and Minerals processing Engineering Taita Taveta UniversityP.O.Box 635-80300VoiKenya Department of Mechanical Engineering Howard University23006th Street NWWashingtonDCUSA

The evolution of strain hardening behavior of the Fe_(50)(CoCrMnNi)_(50) medium-entropy alloy as a function of the fraction of recrystallized microstructure and the grain size was studied using the Hollomon and Ludwigson *** specimens under study were partially recrystallized,fully recrystallized with ultrafine-grained microstructure,and fully recrystallized with coarse *** yield strength decreases steadily as the fraction of recry stallized micro structure and grain size increases due to the recovery process and the Hall-petch ***,the bimodal grain distribution was found to have a significant impact on strain hardening during plastic *** instance,the highest ultimate tensile strength was exhibited by a 0.97 μm specimen,which was observed to contain a bimodal grain ***,using the Ludwigson equation,the effect of the bimodal grain distribution was established from the behavior of K_(2) and n_(1) *** curves tend to show very high values in the specimens with a bimodal grain distribution compared to those that show a homogenous grain ***,the bimodal grain distribution contributes to the extensive Luders strain observed in the 0.97 μm specimen,which induces a significant deviation of the Hollomon equation at lower strains.

关键词： Metals and alloy Mechanical properties Microstructure High-entropy alloys plastic deformation

Revealing a Transformation-Induced plasticity(TRIp)phenomenon in a Medium-Entropy Alloy

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2020年第8期33卷 1159-1165页

作者： Ibrahim Ondicho Bernard Alunda Dicken Owino Luke Otieno melody Chepkoech Department of Mechanical Engineering Dedan Kimathi University of TechnologyPrivate Bag-10143NyeriKenya Materials Design and Manufacturing(MADEMA)GroupDedan Kimathi University of TechnologyPrivate Bag-10143Dedan KimathiNyeriKenya Department of Advanced Root Industry Engineering Yuengnam UniversityGyeongsanSouth Korea Department of Mining and Minerals processing Engineering Taita Taveta UniversityP.O.Box 635-80300VoiKenya Department of Mechanical Engineering Inha UniversityIncheonSouth Korea School of Mechanical Engineering Kyungpook National UniversityDaeguSouth Korea Department of Mechanical Engineering Howard UniversityWashingtonDCUSA

A transformation-induced plasticity phenomenon in Fe65(CoCrMnNi)35 medium-entropy alloy was *** to the X-ray diffraction patterns,the as-cast specimen contains a single-phase face-centered cubic(fcc),while low-temperature annealing at 500℃and 600℃leads to the introduction of a body-centered cubic(bcc)phase as a secondary *** increment of the annealing temperature to above 700℃eliminates the bcc phase,and the microstructure was found to contain a single-phase *** 20%true strain,an fcc-to-bcc phase transformation is observed;whereas,at 28%true strain,an fccto-hcp phase transformation takes place as an additional deformation *** strain-induced phase transformation phenomenon leads to improved tensile properties of this alloy.

关键词： phase transformation X-ray diffraction Mechanical behavior Microstructure evolution Multicomponent alloys

A phenotyping protocol for Detailed Evaluation of Apple Root Resistance Responses Utilizing Tissue Culture Micropropagated Apple plants

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American Journal of plant Sciences 2018年第11期9卷 2183-2204页

作者： Yanmin Zhu melody Saltzgiver Jingxian Zhao United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Tree Fruit Research Laboratory Wenatchee WA USA Hebei Academy of Forestry Shijiazhuang China

In the post-genomics era, reliable phenotypes are considered the bottleneck for unraveling the genetic control over the biology of interest. phenotyping resistance response of roots to infection by soilborne pathogen is more challenging compared to that of plant aerial parts. In additional to the hidden nature and small stature of fine roots where infection occurs, extra obstacles exist for rosaceae tree crops such as apple. Due to self-incompatible reproduction and high-level heterozygosity of apple genome, genetically identical apple plants cannot be produced through apple seed germination. Here we report an established phenotyping protocol which includes a streamlined tissue culture procedure for micropropagation of uniform apple plants, standardized inoculation procedure using pythium ultimum, and multilayered evaluating methods on apple root resistance traits. Because of the implementation of tissue culture based micropropagation procedure, constant availability of the uniform plants with defined genetic background, equivalent age and non-contaminated roots overcame a longstanding barrier of systematic and detailed phenotypic characterization of apple root resistance traits. Repeated infection assays by root-dipping inoculation demonstrated the reproducible and wide-range plant survival rates, from single-digit to over 90% survived plants for a given genotype. Genotype-specific values due to p. ultimum inoculation on shoot and root biomass reduction, maximum root lengths, leaf number and cumulative leaf areas were quantified between mock-inoculated and p. ultimum infected plants. Use of a glass-box container offered enhanced accessibility and minimized invasiveness for continuous and non-disruptive observation on the necrosis progression patterns along inoculated roots. With the assistance of a dissecting microscope, the genotype-specific resistance responses along the infected apple roots were captured and analyzed in detail. This reported phenotyping protocol

关键词： Tissue Culture Micropropagation Apple Rootstocks Root Resistance Responses phenotyping Methods

Anti-hyperglycemic effects of aqueous Lenzites betulina extracts from the philippines on the blood glucose levels of the ICR mice(Mus musculus)

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Asian pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2016年第2期6卷 155-158页

作者： Faizal Rajeeb Mangudadatu Hussin Rodel Jonathan Santos Vitor Ⅱ Julie Ann Oraa Joaquin melody Mendoza Clerigo Anamy Ma.Caterial paano Biology Department College of Science De La Salle University Chemistry Department College of Science De La Salle University

Objective: To examine the anti-hyperglycemic effects of aqueous Lenzites betulina(L. betulina) extracts on normoglycemic glucose-loaded ***: Different doses of aqueous extract from L. betulina were administered to 45 ICR mice(Mus musculus) to determine whether there was an effect of L. betulina extracts on the blood glucose level of the ICR mice. Aqueous extracts of L. betulina were orally gavaged to mice using oral glucose tolerance test. A total of five groups were used to determine the effect of the fungi on blood glucose of the mice. Group A(positive control)was given 16.7 mg/kg glimepiride; Group B(negative control) was given distilled water;Group C(low dosage) was given 200 mg/kg aqueous extract; Group D(mid dosage) was given 400 mg/kg aqueous extract and Group E(high dosage) was given 800 mg/kg aqueous extract. Baseline blood glucose value was firstly acquired before induction of hyperglycemia through D-glucose, after which another check on blood glucose was made after 0.5 h. Immediately, after the acquisition of hyperglycemic blood glucose level, the individual administration of treatments were done. After that, three blood collections were done spanning 3 h with 1 h ***: The low dose(200 mg/kg) and the mid dose(400 mg/kg) of L. betulina extracts were significantly different(p pective baseline values throughout the whole experiment with the latter surpassing its baseline value during the 3rd hour. On the other hand, the high dose(800 mg/kg) during the 1st hour after administration was not significantly different(p > 0.05) from its corresponding baseline value, acting faster than the positive control(glimepiride), which only became significantly different(p produce hypoglycemic effects on the mice with all doses, which are able to normalize blood glucose levels at varying times.

关键词： Anti-hyperglycemic Glucose Lenzites betulina ICR mice Oral Glucose tolerance test

Evaluation of the Management of Family physicians Health Care Services to Diabetic patients in Rural Areas of Northern Iran

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2018年第2期9卷 92-103页

作者： Ghahraman Mahmodi melody Omraninava Bahman Nikpour Eissa Omidi Qasemabad Hospital Administration Research Center Sari Branch Islamic Azad University Sari Iran Health Services Management Sari Branch Islamic Azad University Sari Iran

Background and Objectives: The ultimate goal of the health system is to improve the health status of people. To achieve this goal and meet the needs and expectations of people in the field of health, different strategies have been designed, one of which is the family physician. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to evaluate management and performance of the family physician in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diabetes in the Counties of Gilan province. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, which was carried out descriptively. In this study 320 patients with diabetic records were selected from among 1900 using simple random selection. Results: There is a significant difference between the number of visits, the number of referrals to specialists and the number of tests with the expected rate. In addition, 68.8% of patients were diagnosed by the family physician for the first time. According to comparisons made on the number of referrals, visits and request for blood tests, there was a significant difference between two Counties (p Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate that there is a fundamental weakness in terms of diagnosis, control, care of patients, referral, completion of health records and eventually preventing diabetes complications in the northern villages of Iran. In general, family physician program has relatively good performance in Iran after several years, but has not been able to reach the determined goals and standards.

关键词： Family physician Diabetes Health System Referral System

Coastal Accessibility and Availability for physical Activity: A Cross-Sectional Assessment in New Zealand Adults

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Open Journal of preventive Medicine 2016年第12期6卷 273-286页

作者： Nick Garrett melody Smith philip J. Schluter Barbara Bollard-Breen Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Auckland University of Technology Auckland New Zealand School of Nursing The University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand School of Health Sciences University of Canterbury—Te Whare Wānanga o Waitaha Christchurch New Zealand School of Nursing Midwifery and Social Work The University of Queensland Brisbane Australia School of Applied Sciences Auckland University of Technology Auckland New Zealand

Background: This study aimed to examine cross-sectional relationships between objective measures of the built environment (neighborhood walkability and access to and availability of public open spaces including the coast) with self-reported physical activity in adults residing in Auckland, New Zealand. Methods: A telephone survey captured self-reported physical activity and socio-demographic information from adult residents from randomly selected households. Robust approaches were employed to deriving and “ground-truthing” objective built environment measures around individual addresses. Multivariable binary logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between environmental factors and being classified as accumulating sufficient physical activity or otherwise. Results: A total of 1986 participants agreed to participate. Compared with those with no coastal access points within an 800 m street network buffer of their residence, those with 1 - 2 access points were 1.45 times more likely to be classified as sufficiently active (95% CI 1.08, 1.94, p = 0.05). Compared with individuals with no coastal settings within their neighborhood buffer, those with at least two coastal settings in their neighborhood were significantly more likely to be sufficiently active (p = 0.03). Conclusion: Access to, and availability of, coastal places were important associates of accumulating sufficient activity for health in this population.

关键词： Built Environment Environment Health Behaviour

Body size, physical activity, and exposure to television in preschoolers

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Open Journal of preventive Medicine 2012年第3期2卷 359-363页

作者： melody Oliver philip J. Schluter Grant M. Schofield Centre for physical Activity and Nutrition National Institute for Public Health and Mental Health Research Auckland University of Technology Auckland New Zealand Department of public Health & General practice University of Otago Christchurch New Zealand

Objective: To investigate relationships between preschool-aged children’s body size and physiccal activity, exposure to television (TV), and parental body size. Design and subjects: Cross-sectional study of 80 children (age: 2 - 5 y, 29% overweight or obese), 73 mothers (37% overweight or obese), and 22 fathers (72% overweight or obese), residing in Auckland, New Zealand, between October 2006 and July 2007. Measurements: Body size was determined using waist circumference and body mass index (BMI). Child exposure to TV was assessed by questionnaire (number of household TV sets, presence of TV in the child’s bedroom, mean TV/ movie watching hours on weekdays and weekend days), and physical activity by 7 days of accelerometry. Results: Compared with children of normal weight/underweight mothers (classified by BMI status), the age-adjusted odds of a child being overweight/obese if their mother was over-weight/obese/otherwise was 2.46 (95% CI 1.11, 5.48, p = 0.03). No other associates of child body size were identified. Conclusion: Contributors to overweight and obesity in preschool aged children are complex and likely to exist in multiple facets of young children’s lives. More detailed measurement of TV watching and other sedentary behaviours is needed. An ecological approach to identifying risk factors for increased body size in preschoolers is required.

关键词： Child Accelerometer Measurement Obesity Media Social Environment

Oral spore-based probiotic supplementation was associated with reduced incidence of post-prandial dietary endotoxin, triglycerides, and disease risk biomarkers

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal pathophysiology 2017年第3期8卷 117-126页

作者： Brian K McFarlin Andrea L Henning Erin M Bowman melody A Gary Kimberly M Carbajal Applied physiology Laboratory University of North Texas Department of Biological Sciences University of North Texas

To determine if 30-d of oral spore-based probiotic supplementation could reduce dietary endotoxemia. METHODSApparently healthy men and women (n = 75) were screened for post-prandial dietary endotoxemia. Subjects whose serum endotoxin concentration increased by at least 5-fold from pre-meal levels at 5-h post-prandial were considered “responders” and were randomized to receive either placebo (rice flour) or a commercial spore-based probiotic supplement [Bacillus indicus (HU36), Bacillus subtilis (HU58), Bacillus coagulans, and Bacillus licheniformis, and Bacillus clausii] for 30-d. The dietary endotoxemia test was repeated at the conclusion of the supplementation period. Dietary endotoxin (LAL) and triglycerides (enzymatic) were measured using an automated chemistry analyzer. Serum disease risk biomarkers were measured using bead-based multiplex assays (Luminex and Milliplex) as secondary, exploratory measures. RESULTSData were statistically analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and a p pore-based probiotic supplementation was associated with a 42% reduction in endotoxin (12.9 ± 3.5 vs 6.1 ± 2.6, p = 0.011) and 24% reduction in triglyceride (212 ± 28 vs 138 ± 12, p = 0.004) in the post-prandial period placebo subjects presented with a 36% increase in endotoxin (10.3 ± 3.4 vs 15.4 ± 4.1, p = 0.011) and 5% decrease in triglycerides (191 ± 24 vs 186 ± 28, p = 0.004) over the same post-prandial period. We also found that spore-based probiotic supplementation was associated with significant post-prandial reductions in IL-12p70 (24.3 ± 2.2 vs 21.5 ± 1.7, p = 0.017) and IL-1β (1.9 ± 0.2 vs 1.6 ± 0.1, p = 0.020). Compared to placebo post supplementation, probiotic subject had less ghrelin (6.8 ± 0.4 vs 8.3 ± 1.1, p = 0.017) compared to placebo subjects. CONCLUSIONThe key findings of the present study is that oral spore-based probiotic supplementation reduced symptoms indicative of “leaky gut syndrome”.

关键词： Metabolic endotoxemia Chronic disease Leaky gut syndrome probiotics Multiplex Cardiovascular disease Inflammatory cytokines High-fat meal challenge

Electrospray Ionization on porous Supporting Tip for Mass Spectrometric Analysis:from Material Studies to Real Sample Analysis

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Electrospray Ionization on Porous Supporting Tip for Mass Sp...