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Memristive Artificial Synapses for Neuromorphic Computing

Nano-Micro Letters 2021年第5期13卷 218-245页

作者： Wen Huang Xuwen Xia Chen Zhu parker Steichen Weidong Quan Weiwei Mao Jianping Yang Liang Chu Xing’ao Li New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory of Jiangsu Province and School of Science Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications(NJUPT)Nanjing 210023People’s Republic of China Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced MaterialsSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringNanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications(NUPT)9 Wenyuan RoadNanjing 210023People’s Republic of China College of Electronic and Optical Engineering and College of Microelectronics Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications(NJUPT)Nanjing 210023People’s Republic of China Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195‑2120USA

Neuromorphic computing simulates the operation of biological brain function for information processing and can potentially solve the bottleneck of the von Neumann *** computing is realized based on memristive hardware neural networks in which synaptic devices that mimic biological synapses of the brain are the primary *** synaptic functions with these devices is critical in neuromorphic *** the last decade,electrical and optical signals have been incorporated into the synaptic devices and promoted the simulation of various synaptic *** this review,these devices are discussed by categorizing them into electrically stimulated,optically stimulated,and photoelectric synergetic synaptic devices based on stimulation of electrical and optical *** working mechanisms of the devices are analyzed in *** is followed by a discussion of the progress in mimicking synaptic *** addition,existing application scenarios of various synaptic devices are ***,the performances and future development of the synaptic devices that could be significant for building efficient neuromorphic systems are prospected.

关键词： Synaptic devices Neuromorphic computing Electrical pulses Optical pulses Photoelectric synergetic effects

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Health and safety perspectives of graphene in wearables and hybrid materials

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2023年第24期155卷 10-32页

作者： Premika Govindaraj Azadeh Mirabedini Xing Jin Dennis Antiohos Nisa Salim Phil Aitchison Jake parker Franz Konstantin Fuss Nishar Hameed Faculty of Science Engineering and Technology Swinburne University of Technology Hawthorn Melbourne VIC 3122 Australia Aerospace Engineering and Aviation School of Engineering RMIT University Bundoora Melbourne VIC 3083 Australia Institute for Frontier Materials Deakin University Geelong VIC 3216 Australia Imagine Intelligent Materials Sydney NSW 2018 Australia Sparc Technologies Kent Town South Australia 5067 Australia Chair of Biomechanics Faculty of Engineering Science University of Bayreuth Bayreuth D-95440 Germany

The growing demand for smart wearables, coupled with the omnipresence of graphene due to its array of outstanding thermal, electrical, and mechanical properties, have driven the industry-led initiatives to develop lightweight, smart, and robust graphene-based wearable technologies. The substantial research and the increase in technology readiness levels (TRLs) of graphene-based technologies have led to the adoption of graphene in many industries. Graphene-based wearables are one such technology that involves closer interaction of graphene by the end-user. Despite this, understanding the toxicological risks associated with using graphene-based wearables is still in the fundamental stage. Herein, graphene-based wearables and industrial-scale fabrication techniques for the development of graphene-based wearables are reviewed. The main goal of the review is to initially evaluate the likelihood of user exposure to graphene from the wearable device and the potential health effects. The subsequent health risks based on graphene's physicochemical characteristics are also discussed. A framework to elucidate the risk is presented in terms of crucial exposure routes, possible graphene interactions, recent exposure assessments, detection removal techniques from the human body, and risk management protocols. It is hoped that this review may aid towards establishing a reasonable practice concerning the safe integration of graphene materials into wearables and facilitate their commercialization.

关键词： Graphene Wearables Composites Nanomaterials Smart materials Health and safety

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Application of the Population Health Approach to Drinking Water System Surveillance

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环境与职业医学 2007年第1期24卷 117-119页

作者： Deborah Kelly Barnard Esther parker Ann Thomas Population Health Epidemiologist Population Health Surveillance Unit

A drinking water supply is a complicated system in its construction,operation,maintenance and need for public health surveillance.

关键词： drinking water surveillance british columbia canada

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Differences in Soil Microbial Biomass and Activity for Six Agroecosystems with a Management Disturbance Gradient

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Pedosphere 2004年第4期14卷 441-448页

作者： ZHANGWei-Jian FENGJin-Xia J.WU K.parker DepartmentofAgronomy NanjingAgriculturalUniversityNanjing210095（China）. DepartmentofPlantPathology NorthCarolinaStateUniversityRaleighNC27695（USA）

Different management practices in six agroecosystems located near Goldsboro, NC, USA were conducted including a successional field (SU), a plantation woodlot (WO), an integrated cropping system with animals (IN), an organic farming system (OR), and two cash-grain cropping systems employing either tillage (CT) or no-tillage (NT) to examine if and how microbial biomass and activity differ in response to alterations in disturbance intensity from six land management strategies. Results showed that soil microbial biomass and activity differed, with microbial activity in intermediately disturbed ecosystems (NT, OR, IN) being significantly higher (P ＜ 0.01) than systems with either high or low disturbance intensities. There was also a significant and a highly significant ecosystem effect from the treatments on microbial biomass C (MBC) (P ＜ 0.05) and on microbial activity (respiration) (P ＜ 0.01), respectively. Multiple comparisons of mean respiration rates distinctly separated the six ecosystem types into three groups: CT ＜ NT, SU and WO ＜ OR and ***, for detecting microbial response to disturbance changes these results indicated that the active component of the soil microbial community was a better indicator than total biomass.

关键词： agroecosystems carbon retention disturbance intensity microbial biomass soil microbial activity

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Assessment of the uncertainties in temperature change in China during the last century

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2010年第19期55卷 1974-1982页

作者： LI QingXiang DONG WenJie LI Wei GAO XiaoRong JONES P KENNEDY J parker D National Meteorological Information Center Beijing 100081 China Beijing Normal University Laboratory of Surface Process and Resources Economies Beijing 100875 China National Meteorological Center Beijing 100081 China Climatic Research Unit School of Environmental Sciences University of East Anglia Norwich NR4 7TJ UK Met Office Hadley Centre Exeter EX1 3PB UK

We have used the China Homogenized Historic Temperature dataset and some long-term station series of the neighbor countries from CRUTEM3,a 5°×5° gridded dataset of monthly mean temperature since 1900,to provide a 107-year record of surface temperature trends and *** derived a comprehensive set of uncertainty estimates to accompany the data:measurement and sampling errors,uncertainties in temperature bias estimates,and uncertainties arising from limited observational coverage on large-scale averages have all been *** reanalysed the temperature changes during the period of *** best estimates of trends for 1900-2006 with uncertainties at 95% confidence range are about 0.09±0.017°C/decade for the year as a whole,and 0.14±0.021°C/decade,0.11±0.021°C/decade,0.04±0.017°C/decade,and 0.07±0.017°C/decade for winter,spring,summer and autumn *** 1954-2006,the trends for annual,winter,spring,summer and autumn are:0.26±0.032°C/decade,0.35±0.046°C/decade,0.25±0.051°C/decade,0.16±0.037°C/decade and 0.22±0.055°C/*** saw the most significant warming trend in both 1900-2006 and 1954-2006,while during the most recent period(the satellite era,1979-2006),all the seasons show similar warming trends:0.45±0.13°C/decade,0.51±0.11°C/decade,0.52±0.16°C/decade,0.37±0.10°C/decade and 0.50±0.16°C/decade for annual,winter,spring,summer and *** arising from urbanization have been evaluated as less than 5% of the total warming trend for 1951-2001,so this bias was not removed.

关键词：不确定性温度变化中国历史评估变暖趋势偏差估计月平均温度抽样误差

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Lumped Parameter Outflow Models for 1-D Blood Flow Simulations:Effect on Pulse Waves and Parameter Estimation

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Communications in Computational Physics 2008年第7期4卷 317-336页

作者： J.Alastruey K.H.parker J.Peiro S.J.Sherwin Department of Aeronautics Imperial College LondonSouth Kensington CampusLondon SW72AZU.K Department of Bioengineering Imperial College LondonSouth Kensington CampusLondon SW72AZU.K.

Several lumped parameter,or zero-dimensional(0-D),models of the microcirculation are coupled in the time domain to the nonlinear,one-dimensional(1-D)equations of blood flow in large arteries.A linear analysis of the coupled system,together with in vivo observations,shows that:(i)an inflow resistance that matches the characteristic impedance of the terminal arteries is required to avoid non-physiological wave reflections;(ii)periodic mean pressures and flow distributions in large arteries depend on arterial and peripheral resistances,but not on the compliances and inertias of the system,which only affect instantaneous pressure and flow waveforms;(iii)peripheral inertias have a minor effect on pulse waveforms under normal conditions;and(iv)the time constant of the diastolic pressure decay is the same in any 1-D model artery,if viscous dissipation can be neglected in these arteries,and it depends on all the peripheral compliances and resistances of the *** this analysis,we propose an algorithm to accurately estimate peripheral resistances and compliances from in vivo *** algorithm is verified against numerical data simulated using a 1-D model network of the 55 largest human arteries,in which the parameters of the peripheral windkessel outflow models are known a *** and flow waveforms in the aorta and the first generation of bifurcations are reproduced with relative root-mean-square errors smaller than 3%.

关键词： Pulse wave propagation one-dimensional modelling lumped parameter outflow models time-domain coupling arterial compliance peripheral compliance peripheral resistance multiscale modelling.

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The Humanities and Values

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences 2011年第2期4卷 121-126页

作者： David parker

The news coverage of Falujia＇s deformed infants and mortality finally failed to become one of top ten frontline stories of 2010. The lack of public interest raises more than a general journalistic issue of humanitarian concern. What kind of language should we use to formulate the questions of human values？ Does human language still hold value？

关键词：价值观人文新闻报道人道主义公共利益人的价值死亡率语言

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3D extrusion of multi-biomaterial lattices using an environmentally informed workflow

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2022年第4期11卷 691-708页

作者： Vasiliki Panagiotidou Andreas Koerner Marcos Cruz Brenda parker Bastian Beyer Sofoklis Giannakopoulos Bio-Integrated Design Lab The Bartlett School of ArchitectureUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 6BTUnited Kingdom

The conventional building material palette has been proven limited in terms of adaptability to our current environmental challenges. Innovations in computational design and digital manufacturing have supported the broadening of biomaterial applications as an alternative. While biomaterials are characteristically responsive to stimuli such as temperature and humidity, their unpredictable behaviour is a hurdle to standardization and architectural utilisation. To examine the nexus between material formulation, computation and manufacturing, multi-biomaterial lattice structures were produced through an environmentally informed workflow. Customized biomaterial development resulted in three candidate biopolymer blends with varying levels of hydro-responsiveness and transparency. The computational strategy included a machine learning clustering algorithm to customise results and dictate material distribution outputs. To test the workflow, environmental data of solar radiation exposure and solar heat gain from a specific location was used to inform the material deposition via pneumatic extrusion for the design and digital fabrication of a deformation-controlled prototype of 350 mm × 350 mm. This led to a series of multi-biomaterial wall panel components that can be applied at architectural scale. In future, these techniques can support the incorporation of living elements to be embedded within the built environment for truly animate architecture.

关键词： Hydrogels Multi-biomaterials Hygroscopic properties Pneumatic extrusion Environmentally informed deposition Integrated workflows

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Islamophobia Abroad and Anti-Catholicism at home： The Making of the English Nation

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History Research 2012年第7期2卷 461-466页

作者： Kenneth parker University of London University of East London London UK

One major feature of printing and publishing in England in the 16th and 17th centuries and repeated in subsequent centuries was that of travel tales to foreign spaces where Protestant males not only met believers in Islam but also encountered other Europeans （mostly Catholics） in those foreign spaces. This paper will attempt to show those travellers＇ tales written by Englishmen of the early modern period as well as subsequently were not only based upon Protestant foundations but also contributed to the making of the nation.

关键词： Islamaphobia ant-Catholicism travel writing Englishness national identity

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The Last Tea

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英语学习 1995年第7期 9-14页

作者： Dorothy parker ■■

The young man in the chocolate-brown suit sat down at thetable, where the girl with the artificial camellia had been sittingfor forty minutes. 'Guess I must be late,' he said. 'Sorry you been waiting.' 'Oh, goodness!' she said. 'I just got here myself, just abouta second ago. I simply went ahead and ordered because I was dy-ing for a cup of tea. I was late, myself. I haven't been here morethan a minute.'

关键词： The Last Tea 山茶花

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