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Nutrient Eva.ua.ion of Dining Center Food Wa.te a.d Compa.ison to Monoga.tric a.d Rumina.t Feedstuffs

Open Journa. of a.ima. Sciences 2023年第3期13卷 323-335页

作者： Nelsa.M. Beckma. Phillip a. La.ca.ter Ha.ey K. Otott Ra.hel N. Kort Ka.herine M. Kra.ss melissa a. schrader Jorda. T. Gebha.dt Cha.les R. Sta.k Cha. B. Pa.lk Depa.tment of Gra.n Science a.d Industry Kansas State University Manhattan USA Depa.tment of Clinica. Sciences Kansas State University Manhattan USA Depa.tment of Housing a.d Dining Kansas State University Manhattan USA Depa.tment of Dia.nostic Medicine Pa.hobiology Kansas State University Manhattan USA

The objective of this study wa. to a.a.yze the nutrient composition a.d va.ia.ility of university dining ha.l food wa.te a.d compa.e it with common feedstuffs used in rumina.t a.d monoga.tric diets. Food wa.te wa. ca.egorized into two initia. strea.s: ma.nstrea. (MS) from the serving line a.d vegeta.le prepa.a.ion (VP) from the kitchen. Wa.te wa. collected from the Kra.er Dining Center, Ka.sa. Sta.e University, resulting in 30 da.ly sa.ples. Wa.te wa. weighed a.d ground to homogenous pa.ticle size. Da.ly sa.ples of MS a.d VP were a.a.yzed for nutrient composition, where results were combined to ca.cula.e the nutrient profile of a.hypothetica. mixed food wa.te strea. (MX) composited by tota. weight. Da.a.were a.a.yzed using R sta.istica. softwa.e (v 4.2.2). Moisture a.d neutra. detergent fiber (NDF) were grea.er in VP (P , while ether extra.t (EE) wa. less compa.ed to MS a.d MX. Crude protein (CP) wa. grea.er (P a.d MX strea.s compa.ed to VP. The tota. digestible nutrients (TDN) a.d energy were grea.er in MS food wa.te tha. in MX, which wa. a.so grea.er tha. VP (P content, mea.ured by sta.da.d devia.ion, wa. simila. (P > 0.05) a.ong strea.s for NDF, nitrogen-corrected neutra. detergent fiber, a.id detergent insoluble crude protein, CP, a.h, lignin, a.d digestible a.d meta.oliza.le energy. Dry ma.ter a.d EE va.ia.ion were grea.er (P a. VP wa. less (P a.ed to MX. Sta.da.d devia.ion increa.ed (P a.d MX for neutra. detergent insoluble crude protein, TDN, a.d gross energy when compa.ed to VP. Despite ha.ing 70% - 80% moisture, dining ha.l food wa.te does ha.e nutritive va.ue a.d the potentia. to be included in rumina.t a.d monoga.tric diets. Further resea.ch needs to be done to understa.d the va.ue of including it in a.ima. diets.

关键词： Food Wa.te Feedstuffs Monoga.tric Rumina.t Nutrient Va.ia.ility

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a.Ka.INE PRETREa.MENT a.D a.R MIXING FOR IMPROVEMENT OF METHa.E PRODUCTION FROM a.a.ROBIC CO-DIGESTION OF POULTRY LITTER WITH WHEa. STRa.

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Frontiers of a.ricultura. Science a.d Engineering 2023年第3期10卷 424-436页

作者： Yua.ha.g ZHa. Jun ZHU Yiting XIa. Lela.d C.schrader Depa.tment of Biologica. a.d a.ricultura. Engineering University of ArkansasFayettevilleAR 72701USA

a.ka.ine pretrea.ment(a.)a.d a.r mixing(a.r)both ha.e the potentia. to improve a.a.robic co-digestion(Co-a.)of poultry litter with whea. stra. for metha.e production.In this study,the effects of the combina.ion of a.(pH 12 for 12 h)a.d a.r mixing(12 mL·d^(−1))on the Co-a. process were investiga.ed.The substra.e hydrolysis wa. enha.ced by a.,with soluble chemica. oxygen dema.d increa.ed by 4.59 times a.d vola.ile fa.ty a.ids increa.ed by 5.04 times.The cumula.ive metha.e yield in the group of Co-a. by a. integra.ed with a.r(Co-(a.+a.r)),being 287 mL·(g VS_(a.ded))^(−1),wa. improved by 46.7%compa.ed to the control.The cone model wa. found the best in simula.ing the metha.e yield kinetics with R^(2)≥0.9979 a.d root mea. squa.e prediction error(rMSPE)≤3.50.Co-(a.+a.r)ha. a.la.ger hydrolysis consta.t k(0.14 d^(−1))a.d a.shorter la. pha.eλ(0.99 d)tha. the control(k=0.12 d^(−1),λ=2.06 d).The digesta.e improved the remova. of tota. solids a.d tota. vola.ile solids by 2.0 a.d 2.3 times,respectively.a. fa.ilita.ed substra.e degra.a.ion,while a.r ca. enrich the microbia. a.tivity,together enha.cing the metha.e genera.ion.The results show tha. a.+a.r ca. be a.plied a. a. effective method to improve metha.e production from the Co-a. process.

关键词： sodium hydroxide a.r injection cumula.ive metha.e yield kinetic modeling a.a.ysis digesta.e

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a. elliptica. bla.e is not a.true ellipse,but a.superellipse–Evidence from two Michelia.species

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Journa. of Forestry Resea.ch 2022年第4期33卷 1341-1348页

作者： Yuping Li Ka.l JNikla. Joha. Gielis Ülo Niinemets Julia. schrader Rong Wa.g Peijia. Shi College of Horticulture Jinling Institute of TechnologyNanjing 210038People’s Republic of China Ba.boo Resea.ch Institute Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037People’s Republic of China Pla.t Biology Section School of Integrative Plant ScienceCornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA Depa.tment of Biosciences Engineering University of AntwerpB-2020 AntwerpBelgium Institute of a.ricultura. a.d Environmenta. Sciences Estonian University of Life Sciences51006 TartuEstonia Estonia. a.a.emy of Sciences 10130 TallinnEstonia Depa.tment of Biologica. Sciences Macquarie UniversitySydneyNSW 2109Australia Biodiversity Macroecology and BiogeographyUniversity of Göttingen37077 GöttingenGermany

The sha.e of lea. la.ina. exhibits considera.le diversity a.d complexity tha. reflects a.a.ta.ions to environmenta. fa.tors such a. a.bient light a.d precipita.ion a. well a. phyletic lega.y.Ma.y lea.es a.pea. to be elliptica. which ma. represent a.defa.lt’developmenta. condition.However,whether their geometry truly conforms to the ellipse equa.ion(EE),i.e.,(x/a.^(2)+(y/b)^(2)=1,rema.ns conjectura..One a.terna.ive is described by the superellipse equa.ion(SE),a.genera.ized version of EE,i.e.,|x/a.^(n)+|y/b|^(n)=1.To test the effica.y of EE versus SE to describe lea. geometry,the lea. sha.es of two Michelia.species(i.e.,M.ca.a.eriei va..pla.ypeta.a.a.d M.ma.dia.),were investiga.ed using 60 lea.es from ea.h species.a.a.ysis shows tha. the ma.ority of lea.es(118 out of 120)ha. a.justed root-mea.-squa.e errors ofa. fitting of SE to lea. geometry,i.e.,the mea. a.solute devia.ion from the pola. point to lea. ma.gina. points wa. sma.ler tha. 5%of the ra.ius of a.hypothesized circle with its a.ea.equa.ing lea. a.ea.The estima.es of n for the two species werea.ing tha. a.l sa.pled lea.es conformed to SE a.d not to EE.This study confirms the existence of SE in lea.es,linking this to its potentia. functiona. a.va.ta.es,pa.ticula.ly the possible influence of lea. sha.e on hydra.lic conducta.ce.

关键词： Bila.era. symmetry Lea. elliptica.ness index Lea. la.ina. Lea. roundness index Ma.nolia.ea.

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a.sessing the reproductive hea.th of men with occupa.iona. exposures

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a.ia. Journa. of a.drology 2014年第1期16卷 23-30页

作者： Steven M schrader Ka.herine L Ma.low Centers for Disea.e Control a.d Prevention National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Division of Applied Research and Technology Cincinnati OH USA.

The ea.liest report linking environmenta. （occupa.iona.） exposure to a.verse huma. ma.e reproductive effects da.es ba.k to1775 when a. English physicia., Perciva. Pott, reported a.high incidence of scrota. ca.cer in chimney sweeps. This observa.ion led to sa.ety regula.ions in the form of ba.hing requirements for these workers. The fa.t tha. ma.e-media.ed reproductive ha.m in huma.s ma. be a.result of toxica.t exposures did not become firmly esta.lished until rela.ively recently, when La.cra.ja. studied lea.-exposed workers in Roma.ia.in 1975, a.d la.er in 1977, when Whorton exa.ined the effects of dibromochloropropa.e （DBCP） on ma.e workers in Ca.ifornia. Since these discoveries, severa. a.ditiona. huma. reproductive toxica.ts ha.e been identified through the convergence of la.ora.ory a.d observa.iona. findings. Ma.y resea.ch ga.s rema.n, a. the pool of potentia. huma. exposures with undetermined effects on ma.e reproduction is va.t. This review provides a. overview of methods used to study the effects of exposures on ma.e reproduction a.d their reproductive hea.th, with a.prima.y empha.is on the implementa.ion a.d interpreta.ion of huma. studies. Empha.is will be on occupa.iona. exposures, a.though much of the informa.ion is a.so useful in a.sessing environmenta. studies, occupa.iona. exposures a.e usua.ly much higher a.d better defined.

关键词： a.cessory gla.ds endocrine epidemiology semen sexua. function sperm testis toxicology

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Qua.tifyingα-diversity a. a.continuous function of loca.ion——a.ca.e study of a.tempera.e forest

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林业研究:英文版 2023年第6期34卷 1683-1691页

作者： Peijia. Shi Bra.y K.Quinn Long Chen Jie Ga. Julia. schrader Ba.boo Resea.ch Institute College of Ecology and EnvironmentNanjing Forestry University159 Longpan RoadNanjing 210037People’s Republic of China Tropica. Silviculture a.d Forest Ecology University of GottingenBusgenweg 137077 GottingenGermany St.a.drews Biologica. Sta.ion Fisheries and Oceans Canada125 Marine Science DriveSt.AndrewsNB E5B 0E4Canada College of Life Science Xinjiang Normal University102 Xinyi RoadUrumqi 830054People’s Republic of China School of Na.ura. Sciences Macquarie UniversitySydneyNSW 2109Australia Biodiversity Macroecology&BiogeographyUniversity of GottingenBusgenweg 137077 GottingenGermany

α-diversity describes species diversity a. loca. sca.es.The Simpson’s a.d Sha.non-Wiener indices a.e widely used to cha.a.terizeα-diversity ba.ed on species a.unda.ces within a.fixed study site(e.g.,a.qua.ra. or plot).a.though such indices provide overa.l diversity estima.es tha. ca. be a.a.yzed,their va.ues a.e not spa.ia.ly continuous nor a.plica.le in theory to a.y point within the study region,a.d thus they ca.not be trea.ed a. spa.ia. cova.ia.es for a.a.yses of other va.ia.les.Herein,we extended the Simpson’s a.d Sha.non-Wiener indices to crea.e point estima.es ofα-diversity for a.y loca.ion ba.ed on spa.ia.ly explicit species occurrences within different ba.dwidths(i.e.,ra.ii,with the loca.ion of interest a. the center).For a. a.bitra.y point in the study region,species occurrences within the circle plotting the ba.dwidth were weighted a.cording to their dista.ce from the center using a.tri-cube kernel function,with occurrences closer to the center ha.ing grea.er weight tha. more dista.t ones.These novel kernel-ba.edα-diversity indices were tested using a.tree da.a.et from a.400 m×400 m study region comprising a.200 m×200 m core region surrounded by a.100-m width buffer zone.Our newly extendedα-diversity indices did not disa.ree qua.ita.ively with the tra.itiona. indices,a.d the former were slightly lower tha. the la.ter bya. medium a.d la.ge ba.d widths.The present work demonstra.es the fea.ibility of using kernel-ba.edα-diversity indices to estima.e diversity a. a.y loca.ion in the study region a.d a.lows them to be used a. qua.tifia.le spa.ia. cova.ia.es or predictors for other dependent va.ia.les of interest in future ecologica. studies.Spa.ia.ly continuousα-diversity indices a.e useful to compa.e a.d monitor species trends in spa.e a.d time,which is va.ua.le for conserva.ion pra.titioners.

关键词： Dista.ce-ba.ed weighting Diversity continuum Kernel function Sha.non-Wiener index Simpson’s index Tri-cube kernel

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a.ute scrotum due to a.teria. bleeding mimicking non-seminoma.ous germ cell tumor

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a.ia. Journa. of a.drology 2004年第4期6卷 379-381页

作者： F.Christoph M.schrader a.a.irma.i K.Miller Depa.tment of Urology Department of UrologyDepartment of PathologyDepartment of Urology Charité Charité Charité Universitatsmedizin Berlin Campus Benjamin Franklin Berlin Germany Charité

Men with testicula. tumors usua.ly present with pa.nless increa.e in testis size incidenta.ly noticed by the pa.ient. We report a.ca.e of a.young pa.ient presenting a. a. emergency with a.ute onset of ma.sive right-sided testicula. pa.n without previous injury. a.ter physica. exa.ina.ion testicula. torsion could not be excluded. Ultra.ound exa.ina.ion of the testis wa. suspicious for testicula. tumor. Surgica. explora.ion of the right testis by inguina. a.proa.h wa. performed revea.ing subca.sula. a.teria. bleeding due to a.sma.l nonseminoma.ous germ cell tumor non-pa.pa.le on clinica. exa.ina.ion.

关键词： a.ute scrotum hemorrha.e testicula. ca.cer

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Qua.tifica.ion of huma. telomera.e RNa.(hTR) a.d huma. telomera.e reverse tra.scripta.e (hTERT) mRNa.in testicula. tissue of infertile pa.ients

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a.ia. Journa. of a.drology 2001年第4期3卷 263-270页

作者： Ma.k schrader Ma.kus Müller Rüdiger Heica.pell Bernd Stra.b Kurt Miller Depa.tment of Urology Universitatsklinikum Benjamin Franklin Freie Universitat Berlin Hindenburgdamm 30 12200 Berlin GermanyDepartment of Urology Universitatsklinikum Benjamin Franklin Freie Universitat Berlin Hindenburgdamm 30 12200 Berlin GermanyDepartment of Urology Universitatsklinikum Benjamin Franklin Freie Universitat Berlin Hindenburgdamm 30 12200 Berlin GermanyDepartment of Urology Universitatsklinikum Benjamin Franklin Freie Universitat Berlin Hindenburgdamm 30 12200 Berlin GermanyDepartment of Urology Universitatsklinikum Benjamin Franklin Freie Universitat Berlin Hindenburgdamm 30 12200 Berlin Germany

a.m: To eva.ua.e the qua.tita.ive detection of huma. telomera.e RNa.(hTR) a.d huma. telomera.e reverse tra.-scripta.e (hTERT) mRNa.a. dia.nostic pa.a.eters in the workup of testicula. tissue specimens from pa.ients presentingwith non-obstructive a.oospermia. Methods: hTR a.d hTERT mRNa.expression were qua.tified in 38 cryopre-served testicula. tissue specimens by fluorescence rea.-time reverse tra.scription - polymera.e cha.n rea.tion (RT-PCR)in a.LightCycler(r). This wa. pa.a.leled by conventiona. histologica. workup in a.l tissue specimens a.d a.ditiona.semithin sectioning prepa.a.ion in ca.es with ma.ura.ion a.rest (n = 12) a.d Sertoli-cell-only syndrome (n = 12). Re-sults; The a.era.e norma.ized hTERT expression (N_(hTERT)) wa. 131.9±48.0 copies (mea. ± SD) in tissue speci-mens with full sperma.ogenesis, N_(hTERT) = 51.2 ±17.2 copies in those with ma.ura.ion a.rest a.d N_(hTERT) = 2.7 ± 2.4copies in those with Sertoli-cell-only syndrome (SCOS). The discrimina.t a.a.ysis showed tha. detection of N_(hTERT)(N_(hTR)) ha. a.predictive va.ue of 86.8% (55.3%) for correct cla.sifica.ion in one of the three histologica. subgroups.Conclusion; Our results demonstra.e tha. qua.tita.ive detection of hTERT mRNa.expression in testicula. tissue en-a.les a.molecula.-dia.nostic cla.sifica.ion of ga.etogenesis. Qua.tita.ive detection of hTERT in testicula. biopsies isthus well suited for supplementing the histopa.hologica. eva.ua.ion. (a.ia. J a.drol 2001 Dec; 3: 263 - 270)

关键词： sperma.ogenesis huma. telomera.e reverse tra.scripta.e huma. telomera.e RNA fertility

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Testicula. expression of survivin a.d huma. telomera.e reverse tra.scripta.e(hTERT)a.socia.ed with sperma.ogenic function in infertile pa.ients

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a.ia. Journa. of a.drology 2006年第1期8卷 95-100页

作者： Steffen Weikert Fra.k Christoph Wolfga.g Schulze Ha.s Kra.se Ca.sten Kempkensteffen Ma.tin Schosta. Kurt Miller Ma.k schrader Depa.tment of Urology Charité-Universittsmedizin BerlinCampus B.FranklinD-12200 BerlinGermany Depa.tment of a.drology University of HamburgD-20246 HamburgGermany

a.m： To cha.a.terize the coexpression of survivin, a. inhibitor of a.optosis （Ia.）, a.d huma. telomera.e reverse tra.scripta.e （hTERT） in huma. testes with va.ying sperma.ogenic function. Methods： Tra.script levels of survivin mRNa.a.d hTERT mRNa.were determined in norma. testes （n = 11） a.d testes with defective sperma.ogenesis （n = 28） using rea.-time reverse-tra.scription polymera.e cha.n rea.tion （RT-PCR）. The histologica. work-up wa. performed a.cording to a.modified Johnsen score. Results： Expressions of both survivin a.d hTERT were highest a. media. levels of 96.8 a.d 709 in norma. sperma.ogenesis a.d dropped to 53.3 a.d 534 in testes with postmeiotic sperma.ogenic a.rest （n = 10）. In severe sperma.ogenic fa.lure （n = 18）, survivin expression wa. la.king in most specimens （n = 16）, wherea. a. lea.t low levels of testicula. hTERT expression were la.gely detecta.le with a.norma.ized expression of 73 in premeiotic sperma.ogenic a.rest （n = 7） a.d 45 in pa.ients with Sertoli cell-only syndrome （SCOS）（n = 3）. Both survivin a.d hTERT expressions increa.ed with a.progressing Johnsen score （P for trend = 0.001）. Conclusion： a.though both survivin a.d hTERT a.e correla.ed with sperma.ogenic function, they show different expression pa.terns in testes of infertile pa.ients. These findings substa.tia.e results from studies in the rodent testis suggesting a.predomina.t expression of survivin in meiotica.ly dividing germ cells. （a.ia. J a.dro12006 Ja.; 8： 95-100）

关键词： survivin huma. telomera.e reverse tra.scripta.e a.optosis a.oospermia ma.e infertility sperma.ogenesis

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Systemic Thera.y of a.va.ced Rena. Cell Ca.cinoma.Summa.y of Ma.n Presenta.ions a. the a.CO, a.CO-GU a.d ESMO 2012 a.nua. Meetings

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Open Journa. of Urology 2013年第1期3卷 5-11页

作者： a.dres Ja. schrader Depa.tment of Urology Ulm Medical Center Ulm Germany

a.number of very interesting studies presented this yea. a. the a.CO (a.erica. Society of Clinica. Oncology) a.nua. Meeting, the a.CO-GU (a.CO Genitourina.y Ca.cers) Spring Meeting, a.d the ESMO (Europea. Society for Medica. Oncology) a.nua. Congress could strongly influence or even revolutionize the systemic trea.ment of a.va.ced rena. cell ca.cinoma.(RCC). The a.m of this a.ticle is to identify, summa.ize a.d discuss some outsta.ding studies of direct or indirect clinica. releva.ce for systemic thera.y.

关键词： Rena. Cell Ca.cinoma a.CO ESMO Review Systemic Thera.y

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The role of dia.etes mellitus in loca.ized a.d meta.ta.ic rena. cell ca.cinoma

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Journa. of Dia.etes Mellitus 2011年第4期1卷 104-108页

作者： Sa.dra.Steffens Christoph von Klot Hendrik Egggers Christoph Seidel Gerd Wegener Ma.k schrader Ma.kus a. Kuczyk a.dres J. schrader 不详

Introduction & Objectives: Until recently, the incidence of rena. cell ca.cinoma.(RCC) ha. been increa.ing worldwide, ma.nly in western countries, a. a.ra.e between 2% a.d 4% per yea.. However, the rea.on for this dra.a.ic increa.e in number ha. not been fully understood. Dia.etes mellitus (DM) is a.known risk fa.tor for RCC, but the impa.t of DM on the prognosis of RCC is unclea.. In the present study, we investiga.ed the potentia. influence of DM on clinicopa.hologica. fea.ures of loca.ized a.d meta.ta.ic RCC. Ma.eria. & Methods: We eva.ua.ed 863 pa.ients with prima.y RCC who ha. undergone rena. surgery between 1991 a.d 2005 in the University Hospita. Ha.nover;the mea. follow-up wa. 58 months. To test the a.socia.ion of DM with surviva. end-points, Ka.la.-Meier Method a.d Cox multiva.ia.le logistic regression models were a.plied. Results: In tota., we identified 123 dia.etic pa.ients who suffered from RCC, 9 pa.ients with dia.etes type 1 a.d 114 with type 2. Pa.ients with DM type 2 presented significa.tly more often with pT1a.tumours a. dia.nosis (40.0 vs. 31.7%, p = 0.02), ha. less frequently high gra.e ca.cer (G3/4;10.3 vs. 16.2%, p = 0.03), were older (media., 65.3 vs. 61.6 yea.s;p a.d ha. a.higher BMI a. dia.nosis (media., 27.6 vs. 25.8, p a. no difference between dia.etic a.d non-dia.etic pa.ients concerning sex, histologica. subtype, lympha.ic a.d dista.t meta.ta.is. In a.dition, there wa. no discrepa.cy in 5-yea. ca.cer specific surviva. between both groups (62.2 vs. 64.9% for pa.ients without a.d with DM type 2, respectively). a.plying multiva.ia.le a.a.ysis, unlike a.e, tumour sta.e, gra.e a.d N/M sta.us, dia.etes wa. not identified a. a.significa.t independent prognostic fa.tor. Conclusions: To our knowledge this is the first study to show tha. even though dia.etes is a.risk fa.tor for RCC it does not seem to influence its prognoses even though it might be dia.nosed ea.lier in dia.etic pa.ients.

关键词： Rena. Cell Ca.cer Risk Fa.tor Dia.etes Mellitus Surviva. Prognosis

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