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Growth Performance of Arsi, Borana, Harar and HF-Crossbred Bulls Finished under Similar Feeding Condition

Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2022年第2期12卷 171-191页

作者： Ahmedin Abdurehman Musa Yesihak Yusuf Mummed Mohammed Yusuf Kurtu melese temesgen Travis Gene O’Quinn Umer Seid Geletu Department of Animal Science College of Agriculture Oda Bultum University Chiro Ethiopia School of Animal and Range Sciences College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences Haramaya University Haramaya Ethiopia Department of Food Science Institute of Technology Haramaya University Haramaya Ethiopia Department of Animal Sciences and Industry Kansas State University Manhattan USA

The study was conducted to evaluate the fattening performance of Arsi, Borana, Harar and Holstein Friesian crossbred bulls finished under a similar feeding condition at the beef farm in Haramaya University. The average daily weight gain of the four breeds ranges from 0.49 to 0.71 kg. Feed conversion efficiency also ranges from 0.11 - 0.15. Simple linear regression models were used to explore the relationship between live body weight change and change in body condition score as well as seven linear body measurements for all age groups. An average change for a unite of body condition score was equivalent to 20.3, 20.61, 22.42 and 27.78 kg for Borana, Arsi, Harar and Holstein Friesian crossbred bulls respectively. Body condition score was significantly influenced by breeds. There was a significant breed by age interaction effect on the initial body condition score of the four breeds. There was a significant and positive strong association between change in body weight and body condition score. There was a significant and strong correlation between change in body weight and change in Total topline, neck length, heart girth, flank circumference and rump length having correlation coefficients ranges from 0.57 to 0.97. A higher net profit of 7380.47 ETB per head was recorded by Borana bulls followed by Harar bulls, Arsi and Holstein Friesian crossbred with net profit of 5406.86, 5193.29 and 3384.98 ETB per head respectively. Borana bulls are more superior in weight gain and net profit. Bodyweight change could be predicted based on body condition score change during the fattening period.

关键词： Weight Gain Body Condition Score Change in Linear Body Measurement

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Carcass and Meat Characteristics of Bulls from Arsi, Boran, Harar and Holstein Frisian Crosses Cattle Breeds Finished under Similar Level of Concentrate Supplementation

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2021年第1期11卷 11-30页

作者： Ahmedin Abdurehman Musa Yesihak Yusuf Mummed Mohammed Yusuf Kurtu melese temesgen Travis Gene O’Quinn Department of Animal Science College of Agriculture Oda Bultum University Chiro Ethiopia School of Animal and Range Sciences College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences Haramaya University Dire Dawa Ethiopia Department of Food Science Institute of technology Haramaya University Dire Dawa Ethiopia Department of Animal Sciences and Industry Kansas State University Manhattan USA

A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of age and breeds (Arsi, Borana, HF-Cross and Harar) on carcass and meat characteristics of bulls finished under similar feeding conditions. The feeding experiment was conducted for 90 days at Beef farm of Haramaya University. In this experiment, 24 bulls were fed with roughage (60%) which contained grass hay and wheat straw and concentrate (40%) which contained wheat bran, noug (gucia abysica) cake, maize grain, limestone, salt and ruminant premix. The bulls were transported to Bishoftu ELFORA export abattoir for slaughter following the procedure of the abattoir. The result of the study revealed that the average slaughter weight, hot carcass weight, cold carcass weight, shrink loss, commercial dressing and true dressing percentage were 179.1 kg, 86.8 kg, 82.7 kg 4.7%, 48.8% and 78.3%, respectively. Total edible and nonedible offal were significantly (P significantly (P Boran, Harar, and HF-crossbred were 78.1%, 77%, 72.8% and 77.2% respectively. Meat yield was predicted from fat thickness and ribeye area with 61% accuracy. Arsi bulls attained the highest (78%) meat yield at early age but decreased by 0.713 rate as age of animals advanced by one digit whereas the meat yield from other breeds showed increment in meat yield percentage with the rate of 1.98, 1.1 and 0.1 for cross, Borana and Harar breed bulls, respectively as age advanced. Yield from fore shank, sirloin, top and bottom sirloin primal cuts were affected by breed. Arsi breed had higher meat bone ration than cross breed. Retailed meat yield

关键词： Carcass pH Meat Characteristics Carcass Yield

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Woody plant diversity,structure and regeneration in the Ambo State Forest,South Gondar Zone,Northwest Ethiopia

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Journal of Forestry Research 2017年第1期28卷 133-144页

作者： Solomon Melaku melese Belayneh Ayele Department of Forestry College of AgricultureWolloUniversityP.O.Box 1145DessieEthiopia Department of Natural Resources Management Bahir DarUniversityP.O.Box 1551Bahir DarEthiopia

For this study in the Ambo State Forest on woody plant diversity, structure and regeneration, 70 quadrats, each 25 m by 25 m, were selected using a systematic random sampling technique and intervals of 100 m along a transect line. For assessing seedlings and saplings, two 2 × 10 m sub quadrats were set upon opposite sides of each main quadrat. Data on species diversity, abundance, structure, basal area, density, frequency and regeneration status were collected and analyzed using standard procedures and programs. Of 58 woody plant species identified, 69 % were trees, 16 % were shrubs, 12 % were tree/shrubs and 4 % were climbers. Fabaceae was the most speciesrich family comprising 17 species. The Shannon-Weiner diversity index was 2.73, and evenness was 0.67. The population structure in the cumulative diameter class frequency distribution revealed an interrupted and inverted J-shape with a very high decrease in higher diameter class. Acacia lahai （49 %） was the most important woody species with the highest importance value index. To maintain balanced structure, enhanced regeneration and protecting the forest from selective cutting are recommended.

关键词： Ambo Forest Diversity Structure -Importance value index Regeneration status

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埃塞俄比亚Guder流域气候变化情景下水资源量演化分析

埃塞俄比亚Guder流域气候变化情景下水资源量演化分析

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作者： Tewekel melese Gemechu 吉林大学

学位级别：硕士

气候变化很可能会引起水文循环和水资源供需平衡的变化。水文组分的量化对于评估和管理水资源至关重要。本文首先构建了Guder流域的SWAT模型,采用SUFI-2算法进行模型参数率定,选定以1986-1997年为调参期,1998-2001为验证期,对Guder站月... 详细信息

气候变化很可能会引起水文循环和水资源供需平衡的变化。水文组分的量化对于评估和管理水资源至关重要。本文首先构建了Guder流域的SWAT模型,采用SUFI-2算法进行模型参数率定,选定以1986-1997年为调参期,1998-2001为验证期,对Guder站月尺度实测流量进行模型校准和验证,通过模拟流域水文循环过程,以估算水资源量和水文组分。结果表明,在调参和验证期内,SWAT模型模拟精度较高。基于历史资料分析,降水对径流、蒸发和补给地下水的贡献分别为88%、9%和65%,Guder流域年水资源量为926mm-1340mm。基于未来气候情景,在RCP 8.5条件下,降水将减少,气温将上升,有可能限制未来流域的水资源输出。从2024年到2086年,在RCP 4.5下,总体水资源量可减少0.37mm,而在RCP 8.5下,每年可减少3.2mm,这是一个明显的下降趋势。研究成果提供了对Guder河流域的水资源量和水文组分未来发展趋势的估计,为水资源对土地覆盖变化和气候变化的响应研究提供参考,也为当地政府机构解决社区水资源问题。

关键词： SWAT 水文组分气候变化水资源量 Guder流域埃塞俄比亚

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Survival Outcome of Wilms Tumor with Multi-Modality Treatment at Jimma Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia

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Open Journal of Urology 2023年第6期13卷 185-193页

作者： melese Birara Gashaw Messele Gersam Abera Diriba Fufa Department of Surgery University of Gondar Hospital Gondar Ethiopia

Background: Wilms’ tumor (WT), the most common malignant neoplasm of the urinary tract of children [1], accounts for 5.9% of childhood cancers and affects one in every 10,000 children worldwide before the age of 15 years. The care of children with Wilm’s tumor in sub-Saharan Africa is compromised due to resource deficiencies that range from inadequate healthcare budgets to paucity of appropriately trained personnel. Childhood Wilms tumor is surging as an important paediatric problem in developing and sub-Saharan Africa countries. The objective of the study is to establish an understanding on the treatment challenges and outcomes of Wilm’s tumor in South West Ethiopia. Results: Forty-three Wilm’s tumor patients who were admitted from January 2017 to December 2021 were included in the study. The most frequent presentation was painless abdominal swelling in 40 (93%) patients. Fourteen patients (32.6%) were hypertensive at the time of diagnosis and the other 13 (30.2%) were normal. In abdominal examination, 31 (72.1%) patients had abdominal mass not crossing the midline and 12 (27.9%) had mass crossing the midline. After multimodal treatment, 37.5% had improvement, 11.6% came back with relapse. Most patients (41.7%) abandoned treatment and 9.3% of the cohort died in the course of treatment. Conclusion: The outcomes in the treatment of Wilms Tumor have been found to be poor in this review. The main reason for poor outcome has been not receiving adequate chemotherapy after surgery. Doses of chemotherapy received after surgery significantly affected treatment outcomes (p = 0.026).

关键词： Wilms Survival Treatment Childhood Tumor

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Crop diversification analysis on red pepper dominated smallholder farming system: evidence from northwest Ethiopia

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Ecological Processes 2019年第1期8卷 617-627页

作者： Abebe Birara Dessie Tadie Mirie Abate Taye melese Mekie Yigrem Mengist Liyew Department of Agricultural Economics College of Agriculture and Environmental ScienceUniversity of GondarP.O.Box 196GondarEthiopia Department of Plant Science College of Agriculture and Environmental ScienceUniversity of GondarGondarEthiopia

Background:Ethiopia is the homeland of various crops due to its diverse and suitable agro-ecological *** a result,smallholder farmers grow multiple crops on a small piece of land both for consumption and commercial purposes in different portions of Ethiopia,including the northwestern part of the ***,crop diversification status and extent of farmers were not well ***,this study examined determinants of crop diversification in a pepper-dominated smallholder farming system in northwest ***:Primary data was collected through a semi-structured interview schedule administered on 385 crop producers selected using a systematic random sampling ***,the survey was supplemented by using secondary data,focus group discussions,and key informant *** such as the descriptive,inferential statistics,and econometrics model were used for analyzing the ***:The average crop diversification index was 0.77,and most smallholder farmers(92.46%)used crop diversification as a strategy for risk reduction,nutritional improvement,consumption,and commercial ***,the Tobit model result revealed that the status and intensity of crop diversification were significantly influenced by farmland,sex,age,land fragmentation,distance to development center,market distance,and non-/off-farm income ***:Generally,most farm households used crop diversification as a norm and best strategy for minimizing risk,income source,nutritional and livelihood ***,crop producers,agricultural experts,the Ethiopian government,and partner organizations should give special attention to extension service,market,and infrastructure development to enhance the role of agricultural diversification for households.

关键词： Crop diversification Herfindahl index Household Tobit model Ethiopia

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Pattern Formation in Tri-Trophic Ratio-Dependent Food Chain Model

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Applied Mathematics 2011年第12期2卷 1507-1514页

作者： Dawit melese Sunita Gakkhar 不详

In this paper, a spatial tri-trophic food chain model with ratio-dependent Michaelis-Menten type functional response under homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions is studied. Conditions for Hopf and Turing bifurcation are derived. Sufficient conditions for the emergence of spatial patterns are obtained. The results of numerical simulations reveal the formation of labyrinth patterns and the coexistence of spotted and stripe-like patterns.

关键词： Reaction-Diffusion Equations Hopf Bifurcation Turing Instability Turing Pattern Food Chain

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A Low-Cost Smart Office Design Framework Using Arduino

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Advances in Internet of Things 2023年第3期13卷 83-108页

作者： Ssemwogerere Rajab Nabagesera Veronica Kawalya melese Alemsra Tsehayu Logose Masitula Wamwoyo Faruk Rahman Shiddiqur Ekwaro Dominic Mbalyowere Pasis Maritah Nambobi Mutwalibi Sayo Nakeleh Turay Mugerwa Derrick Kasagga Usama Seguya Asad Department of Computer Science & Information Technology Islamic University in Uganda Kampala Uganda College of Computing & Informatics Technology Makerere University Kampala Uganda School of Information and Software Engineering University of Electronic Science & Technology of China Chengdu China School of Computer Science Neijiang Normal University Neijiang China School of Computer Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science & Technology of China Chengdu China School of Information and Communication Engineering University of Electronic Science & Technology of China Chengdu China

The main motive of our research work is security enhancement and light energy conservation. This paper describes a study investigating the potential of a controlled office solution by integrating the Internet of Things (IoT) with wireless sensor networks (WSNs). A prototype of a smart office is developed using a global system of mobile Bluetooth and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology. The user can turn on and off the fan remotely at any time. This prototype focuses on security and provides human-friendly assistance when in or out of the Office by integrating a mobile application platform. The innovative automated smart Office is designed with intelligent Security doors, lights, alarms, temperature humidifiers, and bright Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) screens for viewing. Our study has opened up virtual possibilities for producing cheap innovative frameworks in this Generation of IoT and the fifth Generation (5G) technology. Therefore, when implemented, this innovation will ease and improve human quality of life. So, this paper aims to provide a low-cost, effective Internet of the things-based automated smart Office.

关键词： Intelligent Office Automation System Wireless Sensor Networks Internet of Things Ultrasonic Radio Frequency Identification Arduino

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衣索比亚农村需行手术的倒睫患者的特征

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（眼科学分册） 2005年第12期1卷 36-37页

作者： melese M West E.S Alemayehu W 韩静 116 Wilmer Building 600 N Wolfe Street Baltimore MD 21287 United States.Dr

Aims: To determine the characteristics of trichiasis patients presenting for surgery in Wolayta Zone of Ethiopia. Methods: Patients referred for trichiasis surgery by community health agents were evaluated by trained integrated eye care workers (IECWs) for the presence of trichiasis, locations of inturned lashes, severity of trichiasis, corneal opacity, and visual acuity. Results: 1635 individuals with trichiasis presented for surgery. 82% had bilateral trichiasis; 91% of patients reported trichiasis duration of > 2 years. Epilation was practised by over three fourths of the study subjects. A high proportion of patients tested positive for ocular Chlamydia trachomatis at presentation. 17% had monocular blindness and 8% were binocularly blind. Corneal opacity was highly associated with the trichiasis duration and severity and visual loss was associated with corneal opacity. Conclusion: Severe trichiasis reflects the magnitude of the trachoma problem in Ethiopia. Visual impairment due to trichiasis is highly associated with disease severity and duration. Early intervention to correct trichiasis before it become severe is recommended to prevent visual impairment.

关键词：比亚视力损害角膜混浊沙眼衣原体眼保健单眼盲社区保健持续时间

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单一大剂量抗生素在传染性沙眼流行中的作用

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（眼科学分册） 2006年第8期2卷 5-6页

作者： Chidambaram J.D. Alemayehu W. melese M. T.M. Lietman 潘佳鸿 F. I. Proctor Foundation Box 0412 University of California San Francisco 513 Parnassus Ave San Francisco CA 94143- 0412 United States Dr.

Context: The World Health Organization recommends mass antibiotic distributions in its strategy to eliminate blinding trachoma as a public health concern. Some hypothesize that a single distribution is sufficient to control the ocular strains of chlamydia that cause trachoma. Others believe infection will inevitably return and periodic treatments or other measures are essential. Objective: To determine whether ocular chlamydial infection returns to the community up to 24 months after a single mass antibiotic distribution in a hyperendemic region of Ethiopia. Design, Setting, and Participants: Longitudinal cohort study conducted March 2003 to March 2005 in the Gurage Zone of Ethiopia. Eight randomly selected villages were assessed for ocular chlamydial infection. Fifteen untreated villages were randomly chosen at 12 months to allow assessment of a secular trend. Intervention A single dose of oral azithromycin was offered to all residents of the 8 selected villages who were aged 1 year or older. Main Outcome Measure: Prevalence of ocular chlamydial infection in all children aged 1 to 5 years from each intervention village prior to treatment and 2, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months after mass antibiotic treatment, and also in untreated villages enrolled at 12 months. Results: Five hundred fifteen children were examined for ocular chlamydial infection at baseline. For the followup examinations, the mean participation rate was 83% . The mean prevalence of infection in children aged 1 to 5 years decreased from 43.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]35.0% - 52.0% ) to 5.1% (95% CI, 1.1% - 9.2% ) after treatment. On average, infection returned gradually over 24 months to 11.3% (95% CI, 4.5% - 18.1% ; P=.001). In 7 of 8 villages, infection was higher at 24 months than at 2 months. In the remaining village, no infection could be identified at any point after treatment. Villages enrolled at 12 months had significantly fewer infections than those enrolled 12 months earlier, suggesting a sec

关键词：大剂量抗生素衣原体感染公共卫生事业阿齐霉素队列研究基线水平趋势评估随访检查

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