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BCEIA2005分析仪器应用技术报告会

作者： Jacques Moulin Paul melanson Michael Retzik 法国Cedex Millipore Saint-Quentin-Yvelines公司美国哥伦比亚博尔德Anasel公司

＜正＞多年来,人们认为总有机碳（TOC）是半导体、发电应用中高纯度水系统的一种污染物。最近,人们又发现它还是制药应用中高纯度水的污染物。由于用于有效检测总有机碳的设备价格昂贵,因此尽管实验室水系统中的有机污染与上述领域中一...

＜正＞多年来,人们认为总有机碳（TOC）是半导体、发电应用中高纯度水系统的一种污染物。最近,人们又发现它还是制药应用中高纯度水的污染物。由于用于有效检测总有机碳的设备价格昂贵,因此尽管实验室水系统中的有机污染与上述领域中一样普遍,人们仍未认识到它的潜在负面影响。因此,开发一种经济的用于高纯度实验室用水生产的总有机碳分析器被提上日程。下文中将介绍这种系统。在半导体工业中,总有机碳检测在

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Physical activity after total knee arthroplasty: A critical review

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2015年第8期6卷 614-622页

作者： Roger J Paxton Edward L melanson Jennifer E Stevens-Lapsley Cory L Christiansen Physical Therapy Program Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation University of Colorado Division of Endocrinology Metabolism and Diabetes University of Colorado Division of Geriatric Medicine University of Colorado

Total knee arthroplasty(TKA) is the most commonly performed elective surgery in the United States. TKA typically improves functional performance and reduces pain associated with knee osteoarthritis. Little is known about the influence of TKA on overall physical activity levels. Physical activity, defined as "any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that results in energy expenditure", confers many health benefits but typically decreases with endstage osteoarthritis. The purpose of this review is to describe the potential benefits(metabolic, functional, and orthopedic) of physical activity to patients undergoing TKA, present results from recent studies aimed to determine the effect of TKA on physical activity, and discuss potential sources of variability and conflicting results for physical activity outcomes. Several studies utilizing self-reported outcomes indicate that patients perceive themselves to be more physically active after TKA than they were before surgery. Accelerometry-based outcomes indicate that physical activity for patients after TKA remains at or below pre-surgical levels. Several different factors likely contributed to these variable results, including the use of different instruments, duration of follow-up, and characteristics of the subjects studied. Comparison to norms, however, suggests that daily physical activity for patients following TKA may fall short of healthy agematched controls. We propose that further study of the relationship between TKA and physical activity needs to be performed using accelerometry-based outcome measures at multiple post-surgical time points.

关键词： Physical activity Knee osteoarthritis Selfreport Total knee arthroplasty Accelerometer

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