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The great catastrophe: causes of the Permo-Triassic marine mass extinction

National Science Rev.ew 2024年第1期11卷 37-50页

作者： paul B.Wignall Dav.d P.G.Bond School of Earth & Env.ronment University of Leeds School of Env.ronmental Sciences University of Hull

The marine losses during the Permo-Triassic mass extinction were the worst ev.r experienced. All groups were badly affected, especially amongst the benthos(e.g. brachiopods, corals, bryozoans, foraminifers,ostracods). Planktonic populations underwent a fundamental change with eukaryotic algae being replaced by nitrogen-fixing bacteria, green-sulphur bacteria, sulphate-reducing bacteria and prasinophytes. Detailed studies of boundary sections, especially those in South China, hav. resolv.d the crisis to a ～55 kyr interv.l straddling the Permo-Triassic boundary. Many of the losses occur at the beginning and end of this interv.l painting a picture of a two-phase extinction. Improv.d knowledge of the extinction has been supported by numerous geochemical studies that allow div.rse proposed extinction mechanisms to be studied. A transition from oxygenated to anoxic-euxinic conditions is seen in most sections globally, although the intensity and timing shows regional v.riability. Decreased ocean v.ntilation coincides with rapidly rising temperatures and many extinction scenarios attribute the losses to both anoxia and high temperatures.Other kill mechanisms include ocean acidification for which there is conflicting support from geochemical proxies and, ev.n less likely, siltation(burial under a massiv. influx of terrigenous sediment) which lacks substantiv. sedimentological ev.dence. The ultimate driv.r of the catastrophic changes at the end of the Permian was likely Siberian Trap eruptions and their associated carbon dioxide emissions with consequences such as warming, ocean stagnation and acidification. v.lcanic winter episodes stemming from Siberian v.lcanism hav. also been linked to the crisis, but the short-term nature of these episodes(v.rwhelming ev.dence for rapid warming during the crisis makes this an unlikely cause. Finally, whilst the extinction is well studied in equatorial latitudes, a different history is found in northern Boreal latitudes including an earlier crisis which merits furthe

关键词： ocean anoxia ocean acidification siltation productiv.ty collapse v.lcanic winter

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TOM9.2 Is a Calmodulin-Binding Protein Critical for TOM Complex Assembly but Not for Mitochondrial Protein Import in Arabidopsis thaliana

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Molecular Plant 2017年第4期10卷 575-589页

作者： Nargis Parv.n Chris Carrie Isabelle Pabst Antonia Laber Debabrata Laha melanie v. paul Peter Geigenberger Ralf Heermann Kirsten Jung Ute C. v.thknecht Fatima Chigri Department Biology I Botany Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich GroBhaderner Stra6e 2-4 82152 Martinsried Germany Department Biology 1 Microbiology Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich Grobhaderner Strabe 2-4 82152 Martinsried Germany Department of Biology Center for Integrated Protein Science (Munich) Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich 81377 Munich Germany Center for Plant Molecular Biology Plant Physiology University of Tuebingen Auf der Morgenstelle 32 72076 Tuebingen Germany present address: Plant Cell Biology IZMB University of Bonn Kirschallee 153115 Bonn Germany Present address: Center for Plant Molecular Biology Developmental Genetics University of Tubingen Auf der Morgenstelle 32 72076 Tubingen Germany

The translocon on the outer membrane of mitochondria （TOM） facilitates the import of nuclear-encoded proteins. The principal machinery of mitochondrial protein transport seems conserv.d in eukaryotes; howev.r, div.rgence in the composition and structure of TOM components has been observ.d between mammals, yeast, and plants. TOM9, the plant homolog of yeast Tom22, is significantly smaller due to a truncation in the cytosolic receptor domain, and its precise function is not understood. Here we prov.de ev.dence showing that TOM9.2 from Arabidopsis thaliana is inv.lv.d in the formation of mature TOM com- plex, most likely by influencing the assembly of the pore-forming subunit TOM40. Dexamethasone- induced RNAi gene silencing of TOM9.2 results in a sev.re reduction in the mature TOM complex, and the assembly of newly imported TOM40 into the complex is impaired. Nev.rtheless, mutant plants are fully v.able and no obv.ous downstream effects of the loss of TOM complex, i.e., on mitochondrial import ca- pacity, were observ.d. Furthermore, we found that TOM9.2 can bind calmodulin （CAM） in v.tro and that CaM impairs the assembly of TOM complex in the isolated wild-type mitochondria, suggesting a regula- tory role of TOM9.2 and a possible integration of TOM assembly into the cellular calcium signaling network.

关键词： protein import plant mitochondria TOM complex calmodulin calcium signaling

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Exploring innov.tiv. synthetic solutions for adv.nced polymer-based electrochromic energy storage dev.ces:Phenoxazine as a promising chromophore

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第4期91卷 433-452页

作者： Catalin-paul Constantin Mihaela Balan-Porcarasu Gabriela Lisa “Petru Poni”Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry Electroactive Polymers&Plasmochemistry Laboratory41A Grigore Ghica Voda AlleyIasi 700487Romania “Gh.Asachi”Technical Univ.rsity Iasi Faculty of Chemical EngineeringBd.Mangeron 71Iasi 700050Romania

The current inv.stigation offers an innov.tiv. synthetic solution regarding electrochromic(EC)and energy storage applications by exploring phenoxazine(POZ)moiety.Subsequently,three POZ-based polymers(polyimide,polyazomethine,and polyamide)were synthesized to ascertain the superior performer.The polyamide exhibited remarkable attributes,including high redox stability during 500 repetitiv. Cv.,optical contrast of 61.98%,rapid response times of 1.02 and 1.38 s for coloring and bleaching,EC efficiency of 280 cm^(2)C^(-1).and decays of the optical density and EC efficiency of only 12.18%and 6.23%after 1000 cycles.Then,the energy storage performance of polyamide PA was tested,for which the following parameters were obtained:74.7 F g^(-1)(Cv.scan rate of 10 mv.s^(-1))and 118 F g^(-1)(GCD,charging current of 0.1 A g^(-1)).Then,the polyamide was tested in EES dev.ces,which yielded the following EC parameters:an optical contrast of 62.15%,response times of 9.24 and 5.01 s for coloring and bleaching,EC efficiency of 178 cm^(2)C^(-1),and moderate decays of 20.25%and 23.24%for the optical density and EC efficiency after 500 cycles.The energy storage performance included a capacitance of 106 F g^(-1)(Cv.scan rate of 0.1 mv.s^(-1))and 9.23 F g^(-1)(GCD,charging current of 0.1 A g^(-1)),capacitance decay of 11.9%after500 cycles,and 1.7 v.retention after 2 h.Also,two EES dev.ces connected in series powered a 3 v.LED for almost 30 s.

关键词： Polymers Phenoxazine Electrochromic Energy storage Electrochromi cenergy storage dev.ces

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Diet and monensin influence the temporal dynamics of the rumen microbiome in stocker and finishing cattle

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第2期15卷 733-748页

作者： Jianmin Chai Caleb P.Weiss paul A.Beck Wei Zhao Ying Li Jiangchao Zhao Guangdong Prov.ncial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding College of Life Science and EngineeringFoshan UniversityFoshanChina Div.sion of Agriculture Department of Animal ScienceUniversity of ArkansasFayettevilleARUSA Department of Animal and Food Sciences Oklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOKUSA Institute of Feed Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsBeijing 100193China

Background Stocker cattle diet and management influence beef cattle performance during the finishing stage,but knowledge of the dynamics of the rumen microbiome associated with the host are lacking.A longitudinal study was conducted to determine how the feeding strategy from the stocker to the finishing stages of production affects the temporal dynamics of rumen microbiota.During the stocker phase,either dry hay or wheat pasture were prov.ded,and three lev.ls of monensin were administrated.All calv.s were then transported to a feedlot and receiv.d similar finishing diets with or without monensin.Rumen microbial samples were collected on d 0,28,85 during the stocker stage(S0,S28 and S85)and d 0,14,28,56,30 d before slaughter and the end of the trial during the finishing stage(F0,F14,F28,F56,Pre-Ba,and Final).The v. region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene of 263 rumen samples was sequenced.Results Higher alpha div.rsity,including the number of observ.d bacterial features and the Shannon index,was observ.d in the stocker phase compared to the finishing phase.The bacterial amplicon sequence v.riants(ASv.)differentiating different sampling time points were identified.Dietary treatments during the stocker stage temporally impact the dynamics of rumen microbiota.For example,shared bacteria,including Bacteroidales(ASv.9)and Streptococcus infantarius(ASv.4),were significantly higher in hay rumen on S28,S85,and F0,while Bacteroidaceae(ASv.1)and Limiv.cinus(ASv.5)were more abundant in wheat.Monensin affected rumen microbial composition at a specific time.Transportation to feedlot significantly influenced microbiome structure and div.rsity in hay-fed calv.s.Bacterial taxa associated with body weight were classified,and core microbiotas interacted with each other during the trial.Conclusions In summary,the temporal dynamics of the rumen microbiome in cattle at the stocker and finishing stage are influenced by multiple factors of the feeding strategy.Diet at the stocker phase may temporarily affect the microbial composition duri

关键词： Beef cattle Diet Feedlot phase Monensin Next-generation sequencing Rumen microbiota Stocker

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Insights into ionic association boosting water oxidation activ.ty and dynamic stability

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第2期89卷 99-109,I0004页

作者： Zanling Huang Shuqi Zhu Yuan Duan Chaoran Pi Xuming Zhang Abebe Reda Woldu Jing-Xin Jian paul K.Chu Qing-Xiao Tong Liangsheng Hu Xiangdong Yao Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Prov.nce Shantou UniversityShantou 515063GuangdongChina Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory Shantou 515063GuangdongChina State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy and Institute of Adv.nced Materials and Nanotechnology Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430081HubeiChina Department of Physics Department of Materials Science and Engineeringand Department of Biomedical EngineeringCity University of Hong KongTat Chee AvenueKowloonHong KongChina School of Adv.nced Energy Sun Yat-sen University(Shenzhen)Shenzhen 518107GuangdongChina

There hav. been reports about Fe ions boosting oxygen ev.lution reaction(OER)activ.ty of Ni-based catalysts in alkaline conditions,while the origin and reason for the enhancement remains elusiv..Herein,we attempt to identify the activ.ty improv.ment and discov.r that Ni sites act as a host to attract Fe(Ⅲ)to form Fe(Ni)(Ⅲ)binary centres,which serv. as the dynamic sites to promote OER activ.ty and stability by cyclical formation of intermediates(Fe(Ⅲ)→Fe(Ni)(Ⅲ)→Fe(Ni)-OH→Fe(Ni)-O→Fe(Ni)OOH→Fe(Ⅲ))at the electrode/electrolyte interface to emit O_(2).Additionally,some ions(Co(Ⅱ),Ni(Ⅱ),and Cr(Ⅲ))can also be the activ. sites to catalyze the OER process on a v.riety of electrodes.The Fe(Ⅲ)-catalyzed ov.rall water-splitting electrolyzer comprising bare Ni foam as the anode and Pt/Ni-Mo as the cathode demonstrates robust stability for 1600 h at 1000 mA cm^(-2)@~1.75 v.The results prov.de insights into the ioncatalyzed effects boosting OER performance.

关键词： Oxygen ev.lution reaction Fe(Ⅲ)-catalysis Ni-Fe binary activ. centers Ion-catalyzed effects Robust stability

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Experimental Inv.stigation of the Stability of the Performance Characteristics of a Photov.ltaic Module in the Face of Env.ronmental and Meteorological Factors

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第2期14卷 589-608页

作者： Adingra paul Arsène Kouassi Siaka Touré Diakaridja Traoré Laboratoire des Sciences de la Matière de l’Environnement et de l’Energie Solaire (LASMES) Unité de Formation et de Recherche des Sciences des Structures de la Matière et Technologie (UFR-SSMT) Université Félix Houphou&#235t Boigny Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire

The explosiv. technological improv.ment of photov.ltaic systems as well as the necessity of populations to come to less expensiv. energy sources, that hav. led to an implosion at the lev.l of solar panel manufacturers. This causes a large flow of these equipments to dev.loping countries where the need is high, without any quality control. That conducted an experimental inv.stigation on the performance characteristics of a 250 wp monocrystalline silicon photov.ltaic module in other to check the v.rification and quality control. Most of these Pv.panels which often hav. missing informations are manufactured and tested in places that are inadequate for our env.ronmental and meteorological conditions. Also, their influences on the stability of internal parameters were ev.luated in order to optimize their performance. The results obtained at maximum illumination (1000 w/m2) confirmed those produced by the manufacturer. The analysis of these characteristics showed that the illumination and the temperature (meteorological factors) influenced at most the stability of the internal characteristics of the module in the sense that the maximum power increased v.ry rapidly beyond 750 w/m2 but a degradation of performance was accentuated for a temperature of the solar cells exceeding 50°C. The degradation coefficients were ev.luated at -0.0864 v.°C for the v.ltage and at -1.6248 w/°C for the power. The 10° inclination angle of the solar panel prov.d to be ideal for optimizing ov.rall efficiency in practical situations.

关键词： Renewables Energies Instruments Internal Parameters of Photov.ltaic Panel Monocrystalline Photov.ltaic Panel Solar Energy Production Energy Intermittence

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Nonlinear Rydberg exciton-polaritons in Cu2O microcav.ties

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第4期13卷 619-627页

作者： Maxim Makhonin Anthonin Delphan Kok Wee Song paul Walker Tommi Isoniemi Peter Claronino Konstantinos Orfanakis Sai Kiran Rajendran Hamid Ohadi Julian Heckötter Marc Assmann Manfred Bayer Alexander Tartakov.kii Maurice Skolnick Oleksandr Kyriienko Dmitry Krizhanov.kii Department of Physics and Astronomy University of SheffieldSheffield S37RHUK. Department of Physics and Astronomy University of ExeterStocker RoadExeter EX44PYUK. SUPA School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of St AndrewsSt Andrews KY169SSUK. Fakultät Physik TU DortmundAugust-Schmidt-Straße 444227 DortmundGermany

Rydberg excitons(analogues of Rydberg atoms in condensed matter systems)are highly excited bound electron-hole states with large Bohr radii.The interaction between them as well as exciton coupling to light may lead to strong optical nonlinearity,with applications in sensing and quantum information processing.Here,we achiev. strong effectiv. photon–photon interactions(Kerr-like optical nonlinearity)v.a the Rydberg blockade phenomenon and the hybridisation of excitons and photons forming polaritons in a Cu2O-filled microresonator.Under pulsed resonant excitation polariton resonance frequencies are renormalised due to the reduction of the photon-exciton coupling with increasing exciton density.Theoretical analysis shows that the Rydberg blockade plays a major role in the experimentally observ.d scaling of the polariton nonlinearity coefficient as∝n4.4±1.8 for principal quantum numbers up to n=7.Such high principal quantum numbers studied in a polariton system for the first time are essential for realisation of high Rydberg optical nonlinearities,which pav.s the way towards quantum optical applications and fundamental studies of strongly correlated photonic(polaritonic)states in a solid state system.

关键词： density. Rydberg polar

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Electrochemical Analysis of Zirconiumin Aqueous and Organic Media

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2024年第2期15卷 99-118页

作者： paul Mendy Démo Koita Theodore Tzedakis Cheikhou Kane Codou Guèye Mar-Diop Ecole Supérieure Polytechnique Université Cheikh Anta DIOP Dakar Sénégal Laboratoire de Génie Chimique Université de Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier Toulouse France

For the challenging nature of the zirconium env.ronment analysis, this study consists to analyze the electrochemical behav.or of Zirconium in both aqueous and organic media. To that end first the electrolytic media was selected on the basis of the Pourbaix potential-pH diagram, which prov.des informations on the predominance of Zr(Iv. ion and Zr in aqueous media. In aqueous media, analyzes were first carried out in acidic media then in basic media. Studies hav. thus rev.aled that the acidic env.ronment is not fav.urable for the electrochemical analysis of zirconium. v.ltammograms obtained in an acidic env.ronment show no zirconium detection signal;this is due to the strong presence of H+ ions in the solution. We hav. also observ.d in acidic media the phenomenon of passiv.tion of the electrode surface. In aqueous alkaline media (pH = 13), we hav. drawn in reduction sev.ral Intensity-Potential curv.s by fixingsome technical parameterslike scanning speed, rotation speed of the electrode. The obtained v.ltammograms show cathodic wav.s, starting from -1.5 v.DHW and attributed to the reduction of Zr (Iv. to Zr (0). The last phase of this study focused on the electrochemical analysis of zirconium in an organic media. In this media, sev.ral intensity-potential curv.s were plotted in reduction and in cyclic v.ltammetry with v.rious parameters. Through sev.ral reduction analysis, the Zr (Iv. was reduced to Zr (0) to the potential of -1.5 v.DHW. The electrochemical analysis of zirconium in organic media seems globally easier to achiev. thanks to its large solv.nt window (i.e. dimethylformamide (DMF) solv.nt window > 6 v..

关键词： Zirconium Electrochemical Reduction Cyclic v.ltammetry v.ltammogram Dymethylformamide

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Multifunctional catalytic sites regulation of atomic-scale iridium on orthorhombic-CoSe_(2)for high efficiency dual-functional alkaline hydrogen ev.lution and organic degradation

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第5期92卷 271-281页

作者： Jingjing Huang Chenglin Zhong Yanjie Xia Jia Liu Guizhen Li Chao Yang Jiahong Wang Qian Wang Zhenbao Zhang Feng Yan Jianghua Wu Yu Deng Zhenjiang Zhou Xingchen He paul K.Chu Woon-Ming Lau Xue-Feng Yu College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Linyi UniversityLinyi 276005ShandongChina Shenzhen Engineering Center for the Fabrication of Two-Dimensional Atomic Crystals Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen 518055GuangdongChina National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional MaterialsCollege of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing UniversityNanjing 210093JiangsuChina College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058ZhejiangChina Department of Physics Department of Materials Science and EngineeringDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringCity University of Hong KongTat Chee AvenueKowloonHong KongChina

The earth-abundant and high-performance catalysts are crucial for commercial implementation of hydrogen ev.lution reaction(HER).Herein,a multifunctional site strategy to construct excellent HER catalysts by incorporating iridium(Ir)ions on the atomic scale into orthorhombic-CoSe2(Ir-CoSe_(2))was reported.Outstanding hydrogen ev.lution activ.ty in alkaline media such as a low ov.rpotential of 48.7 mv.at a current density of 10 mA cm^(-2)and better performance than commercial Pt/C catalysts at high current densities were found in the Ir-CoSe_(2) samples.In the experiments and theoretical calculations,it was rev.aled that Ir enabled CoSe_(2)to form multifunctional sites to synergistically catalyze alkaline HER by promoting the adsorption and dissociation of H_(2)O(Ir sites)and optimizing the binding energy for H^(*)on Co sites.It was noticeable that the electrolytic system comprising the Ir-CoSe_(2)electrode not only produced hydrogen efficiently v.a HER,but also degraded organic pollutants(Methylene blue).The cell v.ltage of the dual-function electrolytic system was 1.58 v.at the benchmark current density of 50 mA cm^(-2),which was significantly lower than the conv.ntional water splitting v.ltage.It was indicated that this method was a nov.l strategy for designing adv.nced HER electrocatalysts by constructing multifunctional catalytic sites for hydrogen production and organic degradation.

关键词： Orthorhombic-CoSe_(2) Multifunctional sites design Hydrogen ev.lution reaction Synergistically catalyze Methylene blue oxidation

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Effects of Papyrus Plants (Cyperus papyrus) on the Physicochemical Parameters and Nutrient Lev.ls of Water and Sediments in Yala Swamp Wetland in Western Kenya

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Journal of Biophysical Chemistry 2024年第1期15卷 1-23页

作者： v.olet Achieng Orodo paul Otieno Abuom Emmanuel Amukohe Shikanga Elly Tetty Osewe Douglas Nyambane Anyona Fredrick Mhina Mngube Stephen Adongo Odongo Department of Env.ronmental Studies Maseno University Kisumu Kenya Department of Chemistry Maseno University Kisumu Kenya Department of Physical and Biological Sciences Murang’a University of Technology Murang’a Kenya Wetlands International Dar es Salaam Tanzania Department of Physical Sciences Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology Bondo Kenya

Yala swamp wetland is the largest fresh water wetland ecosystem in Kenya supporting a broad biodiv.rsity. It comprises of Riv.r Yala, the Yala swamp, Lakes Kanyaboli, Namboyo and Sare, and a portion of Lake v.ctoria neighboring the swamp. Approximately 2300 ha of land hav. been reclaimed and has been used for large-scale agriculture resulting in mass destruction of papyrus to create room for framing. Papyrus are known to be important in phytoremediation but despite this role information is limited, lacks supportiv. ev.dence and the empirical aspect on the lev.ls of these pollutants in relation to the papyrus biomass is limited. The study is aimed at determining the effects of Cyperus papyrus on the water and sediment quality in Yala Swamp wetland. Six sampling sites were purposefully selected to monitor the v.riations of the physicochemical parameters (temperature, dissolv.d oxygen: DO, pH, biological oxygen demand: BOD, total suspended solids: TSS, turbidity, electrical conductiv.ty: EC and total dissolv.d solids: TSS) and the lev.ls selected nutrients (phosphorus and nitrates) in water and sediments as Riv.r Yala flows through Dominion Farms, Lake Sare which surrounded by Cyperus papyrus and finally into Lake v.ctoria. The samples were collected in triplicates during the wet and dry seasons (May and September 2015 respectiv.ly). The physicochemical parameters were measured in situ using a Hydrolab muiltimeter while the nutrients were analyzed using Uv.v.s spectroscopy. Statistical analysis was done using SAS v..0 software. The mean temperature was 26.19˚C ± 0.71˚C, DO: 3.72 ± 1.02 Mg/l, BOD: 3.9 ± 0.32 Mg/l, pH: 7.52 ± 0.17, TDS: 109 ± 86.33, EC: 173.26 ± 13.8 μS/cm, TSS: 12.42 ± 18.51 Mg/l and Turbidity: 12.29 ± 10.03 NTU. The v.lues v.ried significantly at P 0.05 among all the sites. The results show that papyrus is useful in maintaining the required lev.ls of physicochemical parameters. The study will assist in conserv.tion of the papyrus to help phytoremediate pollutants from Dominion farms and the adjacent

关键词： Adsorbing Contaminants Phytoremediation Conserv.tion Cyperus papyrus

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