The disability,mortality and costs caused by non-vertebral osteoporotic fractures are *** osteoporosis therapies are highly effective at reducing vertebral but not non-vertebral *** bone is a major determinant of non-...
详细信息
The disability,mortality and costs caused by non-vertebral osteoporotic fractures are *** osteoporosis therapies are highly effective at reducing vertebral but not non-vertebral *** bone is a major determinant of non-vertebral bone *** identify novel osteoporosis drug targets,we phenotyped cortical bone of 3 366 viable mouse strains with global knockouts of druggable *** bone thickness was substantially elevated in Notum?/?*** is a secreted WNT lipase and we observed high NOTUM expression in cortical bone and osteoblasts but not *** orally active small molecules and a neutralizing antibody inhibiting NOTUM lipase activity were *** increased cortical bone thickness and strength at multiple skeletal sites in both gonadal intact and ovariectomized rodents by stimulating endocortical bone ***,inhibition of NOTUM activity is a potential novel anabolic therapy for strengthening cortical bone and preventing non-vertebral fractures.
Since 1978, the University of California San Francisco (UCSF) Ocular Tumor Program has been using particle therapy for treating ocular patients with malignant as well as benign eye disease. Helium ion beams were used ...
详细信息
Since 1978, the University of California San Francisco (UCSF) Ocular Tumor Program has been using particle therapy for treating ocular patients with malignant as well as benign eye disease. Helium ion beams were used initially and were produced by two synchrotron-based systems: first by the 184-inch synchro-cyclotron and later by the Bevalac, at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL). Since 1994, protons, produced by a cyclotron-based system at the Crocker Nuclear Laboratory (CNL) Eye Treatment Facility (ETF), have been used for this purpose. The CNL cyclotron produces a 67.5 MeV beam, allowing for a uniquely homogeneous beam for eye treatment, without degradation of the beam or manipulation of the beam line. This paper describes, in detail, the control system for beam delivery, as implemented for measuring and delivering the radiation to ocular tumors at CNL. The control system allows for optimal delivery and rapid termination of the irradiation after the desired dose is achieved. In addition, several safeguard systems are discussed, as these are essential for such a system in the event of failure of software, electronics, or other hardware. The QA analysis shows that the total range of the proton beam is 30.7 ± 1.0 mm in water at iso-center. The beam distal penumbra (80% - 20%) is 1.1 mm for a range-modulated beam at a collimator to iso-center distance of 50 mm. Daily QA checks confirm that the range and modulation is within 0.1 mm. The beam flatness and symmetry in a 25 mm diameter beam are ±1% - 2%. Variation in the daily dosimetry system, as compared to standard dosimetry, is within ±3.5%, with a mean variation of 0.72(±1.9)% and 0.85(±2.3)% for segmented transmission ionization chambers IC1 (upstream) and IC2 (downstream), respectively. From May 1994 to the end of 2015, UCSF has treated 1838 proton ocular patients at the Davis ETF. During this period, no treatments were missed due to any cyclotron or control system failures. The overall performance,
暂无评论