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Experimental Models for Research in Stress and Behavior

Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2015年第7期5卷 295-305页

作者： Jacalyn J. Robert-McComb Stephanie Casey Youngdeok Kim melanie hart Reid Norman Xu Qian Texas Tech University Lubbock USA Texas Tech University Health Science Center Lubbock USA

Stress research has gained popularity due to the increased acknowledgement of chronic stress on personal health. With this increased interest, researchers need to assure that the public receives quality, evidence-based solutions. Improvements following a stress reduction intervention are generally assessed by a self-survey pre-post rather than objective biomarkers of stress. There is a need in the literature for a research paradigm utilizing two different stressors to prevent any alteration in post-intervention results due to habituation of the stressor. The Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) and the Beilock Stress Test (BST) are two different stress protocols published in the literature. The present study has three objectives: 1) to compare the efficacy of two different previously documented psychological stressors, the TSST and the BST;2) to compare an invasive measure, serum cortisol, to a non-invasive measure, the galvanic skin response (GSR);and 3) to examine the effects of sex on the response. Fifty-seven college age males (n = 31) and females (n = 26) completed both protocols. Blood samples were collected every 10 min for 110 minutes. Baseline, stressor, and recovery 1, 2, and 3 were averaged for a 20 min period. A 2 (test: BST or TSST) by 2 (sex: male or female) by 5 (trials: baseline, stressor, and recovery 1, 2, and 3) Mixed Plot ANCOVA with repeated measures on test and trial was used to analyze the data. There was not a significant main effect for test or sex for cortisol or the GSR. There was a significant difference for trial for both biomarkers: cortisol F(4,208) = 39.41;and GSR F(4,216) = 15.18. There was also a significant interaction term for sex × trial × test, F(4,208) = 4.51 and for test × trial, F(4,208) = 14.31 for cortisol. The conclusion is that the TSST and the BST can be used as pretest posttest stressors in translational studies assessing the effectiveness of a stress reduction technique if slight modifications are made in the statistical de

关键词： Stress Neuroendocrine Stressors Habituation

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透视中美燃煤发电

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电力设备管理 2017年第7期 96-99页

作者： melanie hart Luke Bassett Blaine Johnson 于洋(译) 美国进步中心(CA P)中国政策 CAP美国能源与环境政策 CAP中国与亚洲政策第一财经研究院

不可否认中国目前的能源结构仍然处于失衡状态,燃煤发电的份额无法在短期内显著下降,但是,煤电的清洁化已经是中国能源转型中重要的组成部分。通过超超临界、超低排放等技术,中国正在打造全球最大的清洁高效煤电体系,中国燃煤电厂的大... 详细信息

不可否认中国目前的能源结构仍然处于失衡状态,燃煤发电的份额无法在短期内显著下降,但是,煤电的清洁化已经是中国能源转型中重要的组成部分。通过超超临界、超低排放等技术,中国正在打造全球最大的清洁高效煤电体系,中国燃煤电厂的大气污染物排放标准也比美国、欧盟更加严格。近年来出现的燃煤电厂兴建潮并不代表长期趋势,中国有坚定的低碳转型的政治决心。中国的能源市场传递出关于政策目标和减排趋势的复杂信号。可再生能源的分析师倾向于讨论中国可再生能源装机扩增的速度,并将中国视为全球清洁能源的领导者;而煤炭的支持者和气候怀疑论者更乐意聚焦于中国在运营和在建的燃煤机组数量,并表示气候变化那套说辞根本站不住脚。从气候变化的角度看,最理想的情景是中国关停所有的燃煤电厂并转向清洁能源。在现实中,中国的能源经济如同一艘巨轮,无法在转瞬之间调转方向。中国的低碳转型是不争的事实,但仅靠增加可再生能源的装机量是远远不够的。

关键词：燃煤发电大气污染物排放标准可再生能源燃煤电厂气候变化能源结构清洁能源组成部分

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A Far-Reaching Strategy

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Beijing Review 2015年第22期58卷 31-31页

作者： melanie hart the Center for American Progress the United States

The *** Chinese economies are closely *** China＇s economy is strong,ours can prosper as *** China＇s economy falters,theAmerican economy also *** share many common challenges that neither side can address alone,such ... 详细信息

关键词：全球气候变化经济中国

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Biorenewable materials for water remediation: The central role of cellulose in achieving sustainability

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Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 2024年第3期9卷 253-282页

作者： Kirti Mishra Samarjeet Singh Siwal Thandiwe Sithole Nirankar Singh Phil hart Vijay Kumar Thakur Department of Chemistry M.M.Engineering CollegeMaharishi Markandeshwar(Deemed to be University)Haryana 133207India Department of Chemical Engineering University of JohannesburgDoornfontein 2088South Africa Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center Scotland’s Rural CollegeEdinburgh EH93JGUnited Kingdom Renewable and Sustainable Energy Research Centre Technology Innovation InstituteAbu Dhabi 9639United Arab Emirates School of Engineering University of Petroleum&Energy StudiesDehradun 248007India

As the population increases and manufacturing grows,greenhouse gas and other harmful emissions *** with chemicals such as dyes,pesticides,pharmaceuticals,oil,heavy metals or radionuclides,wastewater purification has become an urgent *** technologies exist that can remove these contaminants from wastewater sources,but they often demand high energy and/or high cost,and in some cases produce contaminant laden sludge that requires safe *** need for methods which are less capital intensive,less operationally costly and more environmentally friendly is ***-based materials have emerged as promising candidates for wastewater treatment due to their renewability,low cost,biodegradability,hydrophilicity,and antimicrobial *** this review article,we focussed on developing sustainable and biodegradable cellulose-based materials for wastewater *** article deals with cellulose-based materials’scope and their conversion into valuable products like hydrogel,aerogel,cellulose composites,and *** cellulose-based materials have no harmful environmental impact and are *** modified cellulose-based materials applying as membrane,adsorbent,sorbent,and beads to purify the wastewater were ***,the challenges and future prospects of cellulose-based materials for wastewater treatment were considered,emphasizing their potential to be sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives to traditional materials used in wastewater treatment.

关键词： Cellulose Wastewater treatment Hydrogel Nanocrystal Cellulose membrane

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Sex Determination in Homo sapiens as a Multi-Step Process: Potential for Development of Variants and Sex Differences in Disease Risk

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Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering 2024年第1期17卷 13-34页

作者： David A. hart Department of Surgery Faculty of Kinesiology McCaig Institute for Bone & Joint Health University of Calgary Cal-gary Canada

Reproduction via cis-binary mechanisms appears to have evolved fairly early in the evolution of complex organisms, and a system committed to prior to evolution of humans. While the evolution of a chromosomal-specific approach has been a successful strategy for survival of a large variety of species including humans, the fidelity of sex determination leading to 100% cis-binary outcomes is not achieved in many species, with evidence for homosexual or bisexual behaviour evident in more than 1500 species. Thus, such outcomes indicates that sex determination is a multi-step process and not a single event, and as such, could lead to the appearance of variants during the process which developed much earlier than humans. Variants could arise either due to intrinsic variation in the steps of determination, or also be influenced by environmental factors of a biological or psychological nature. In contrast to homosexual variants which do not require interventions such as hormone therapy or surgery, expression of gender dysphoria, is more based in psychology, but also has biological underpinnings and can be influenced by such hormonal interventions and surgery. While the numbers of those with gender dysphoria is small (~0.6% - 1.0% of population), the attention given to this issue raises the possibility of biological and psychological environmental factors impacting the emergence of some of those expressing gender dysphoria. Furthermore, transitioning from male-to-female or female-to-male can have consequences regarding disease risks latter in life, including the appearance of autoimmune diseases. This review will attempt to review some of the evidence regarding sex determination, discuss why the system has potentially not been improved upon during evolution, how a potential role for sex chromosome function on neurodevelopment may be central to variation in humans, and how commitment to the current strategy is likely integrated into other sex-related events such as puberty, pre

关键词： Sex Determination Variant Development Fidelity of Sex Determination Biological Sex Determination Species Variation

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Colored Pens

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空中英语教室（初级版．大家说英语） 2024年第9期 39-40,55页

作者： Garrett hart 不详

Sally and her friend Beth are walking in the community *** started taking a craft class there a few weeks ago."Wasn't that a fun class,Sally?"asks Beth."It was!I want to get some supplies today.I need a few things for... 详细信息

关键词： center. class Sal

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水下悬浮隧道的技术现状和未来展望

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隧道建设（中英文） 2024年第2期44卷 225-232,I0025-I0032页

作者： Marcel‘t hart Arianna Minoretti 李英隧道工程咨询公司(TEC) 荷兰阿默斯福特3828 GZ 挪威公共道路管理局技术开发部挪威特隆赫姆7468

阐述了水下悬浮隧道(又称水下悬浮管桥)的概念;探讨了悬浮隧道结构的4种支撑形式,即岸锚式、桥墩支撑式、浮筒固定式和锚索固定式,并对4种支撑形式的适用性进行了对比;对悬浮隧道的跨海形式及主隧道结构断面形式进行了讨论,分析了多管系... 详细信息

阐述了水下悬浮隧道(又称水下悬浮管桥)的概念;探讨了悬浮隧道结构的4种支撑形式,即岸锚式、桥墩支撑式、浮筒固定式和锚索固定式,并对4种支撑形式的适用性进行了对比;对悬浮隧道的跨海形式及主隧道结构断面形式进行了讨论,分析了多管系统+横通道连通形式在火灾及事故发生时的安全性。介绍了国际上悬浮隧道的相关标准:国际结构混凝土联合会(fib)在2020年发布了《水下悬浮管桥(SFTB)设计指南》(fib公告第96号),旨在为技术界提供水下悬浮管桥方案设计指南;国际隧道和地下空间协会(ITA)在2023年发布了《水下悬浮隧道(SFT)业主指南》,旨在向基础设施业主说明,水下悬浮隧道相比传统隧道的适用性;另外,挪威国家标准已率先将悬浮隧道结构纳入国家桥梁手册(2020)。梳理了悬浮隧道已有的理论研究,介绍了目前水下悬浮隧道比较热门的研究课题,比如流体-结构相互作用和冲击等。分析了水下悬浮隧道的优势,不仅能够减小主要的海洋荷载对结构的影响,而且可以降低隧道和相连结构的坡度,缩短穿越距离,保护海底地形以及减少对周围区域的噪声影响。随着人们对环境问题的日益重视,以及新材料和新技术为减少气候影响带来的机遇,悬浮隧道有望获得进一步的推广。

关键词：水下悬浮隧道水下悬浮管桥指南流体-结构相互作用荷载冲击支撑形式

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Carbon dioxide enrichment affected flower numbers transiently and increased successful post-pollination development stably but without altering final acorn production in mature pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.)

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第4期35卷 1-12页

作者： Ryan McClory Richard H.Ellis Martin Lukac Jo Clark Carolina Mayoral Kris M.hart Andrew R.G.Plackett A.Rob MacKenzie School of Agriculture Policy and DevelopmentUniversity of ReadingAgricultureEarley GateWhiteknights RoadPO Box 237Reading RG66EUUK Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences Czech University of Life Sciences PraguePrague 165000Czechia Future Trees Trust Harwell Innovation CentreBuilding 173Curie AvenueHarwellOxford OX110QGUK Birmingham Institute of Forest Research University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUK School of Biosciences University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUK School of Geography Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUK

Acorn production in oak(Quercus spp.)shows considerable inter-annual variation,known as masting,which provides a natural defence against seed predators but a highly-variable supply of acorns for uses such as in commercial tree planting each *** emissions of greenhouse gases have been very widely reported to influence plant growth and seed or fruit size and quantity via the‘fertilisation effect’that leads to enhanced *** examine if acorn production in mature woodland communities will be affected by further increase in CO_(2),the contents of litter traps from a Free Air Carbon Enrichment(FACE)experiment in deciduous woodland in central England were analysed for numbers of flowers and acorns of pedunculate oak(Quercus robur L.)at different stages of development and their predation levels under ambient and elevated CO_(2) ***-annual variation in acorn numbers was considerable and cyclical between 2015 and 2021,with the greatest numbers of mature acorns in 2015,2017 and 2020 but almost none in *** numbers of flowers,enlarged cups,immature acorns,empty acorn cups,and galls in the litter traps also varied amongst years;comparatively high numbers of enlarged cups were recorded in 2018,suggesting *** at this site is a fruit maturation masting species(i.e.,the extent of abortion of pollinated flowers during acorn development affects mature acorn numbers greatly).Raising the atmospheric CO_(2) concentration by 150μL L^(−1),from early 2017,increased the numbers of immature acorns,and all acorn evidence(empty cups+immature acorns+mature acorns)detected in the litter traps compared to ambient controls by 2021,but did not consistently affect the numbers of flowers,enlarged cups,empty cups,or mature *** number of flowers in the elevated CO_(2) plots’litter traps was greater in 2018 than 2017,one year after CO_(2) enrichment began,whereas numbers declined in ambient *** with CO_(2) also increased the number o

关键词： Quercus robur L. Acorns Masting Pedunculate oak Carbon dioxide

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关机风波

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空中英语教室（初级版．大家说英语） 2024年第4期 37-38,55页

作者： Garrett hart 不详

Larry一个月前搬进一间新公寓。他喜欢那个地方,也喜欢他的室友Edward。“早安,Edward。我一会儿要去公园跑步。应该一个小时后回来。”Larry说。他穿上鞋子,准备出门。“没问题。我会在家。我有些工作要做。”Larry出门时Edward跟他说... 详细信息

Larry一个月前搬进一间新公寓。他喜欢那个地方,也喜欢他的室友Edward。“早安,Edward。我一会儿要去公园跑步。应该一个小时后回来。”Larry说。他穿上鞋子,准备出门。“没问题。我会在家。我有些工作要做。”Larry出门时Edward跟他说一小时后,Larry回到公寓。“Larry,我用你的电脑查了一些资料。可以吗?”Edward问道。

关键词：公寓跑步 Edward

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午餐风波

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空中英语教室（初级版．大家说英语） 2024年第10期 26-27,53页

作者： Garrett hart 不详

找找看Terry在哪里吃午餐?Terry在上班时间面无表情地走进休息室。他的父亲两个星期前去世了,他还沉浸在悲伤的情绪中。“嗨,Terry,很高兴见到你,”Patty说,“你到休息室来做什么?”“午餐时间到了,我来拿我的午餐。”Terry说着,从冰箱... 详细信息

找找看Terry在哪里吃午餐?Terry在上班时间面无表情地走进休息室。他的父亲两个星期前去世了,他还沉浸在悲伤的情绪中。“嗨,Terry,很高兴见到你,”Patty说,“你到休息室来做什么?”“午餐时间到了,我来拿我的午餐。”Terry说着,从冰箱里拿出一个袋子,然后打开看了一眼。“糟糕。”他说。

关键词：午餐无表情 Terry

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