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Do bla.k.furred a.ima.s compensa.e for high sola. a.sorption with sma.ler ha.rs？ a.test with a.polymorphic squirrel species

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Current Zoology 2011年第6期57卷 731-736页

作者： melanie a. fratto andrew k. davis Odum School of Ecology The University of Georgia Athens GA USA 30602

In polymorphic ma.ma.ia. species tha. displa. multiple color forms, those with da.k. or mela.ic pela.e would be prone to overhea.ing, especia.ly if they live in wa.m clima.es, beca.se their fur a.sorbs sola. energy a. a.higher ra.e. However, experimenta. studies indica.e tha. certa.n physica. properties of fur of da.k.individua.s a.pea. to prevent, or minimize hea. stress, a.though it is not clea. wha. properties do so. Here, we tested the possibility tha. bla.k.furred individua.s simply ha.e shorter or thinner ha.r fibers, which would crea.e a.lighter （in terms of weight） coa. or one tha. a.lows grea.er a.r flow for eva.ora.ive coo- ling. We exa.ined museum specimens of ea.tern fox squirrels Sciurus niger, a.species na.ive to the United Sta.es a.d one tha. displa.s brown, grey or a.l-bla.k.pela.e color, a.d used ima.e a.a.ysis procedures to qua.tify ha.rs from the dorsa. surfa.e a.d ta.l. From exa.ina.ion of 43 specimens （19 brown, 9 bla.k.a.d 15 grey）, a.d 1,720 ha.rs, we found no significa.t difference in ha.r lengths a.ross color morphs, but significa.t differences in ha.r fiber widths. Bla.k.squirrels ha. thinner body ha.rs tha. other forms （7% thinner）, but thick.r ta.l ha.rs （9% thick.r） tha. the others. Given tha. the dorsa. surfa.e would be directly exposed to sola. ra.ia.ion, we interpret this to be a. a.a.ta.ion to prevent hea. stress during the da.. The thick.r ta.l ha.rs ma. be a. a.a.ta. tion for nighttime thermoregula.ion, since squirrels sleep with their ta.ls wra.ped a.ound their bodies. These results a.d to a.growing litera.ure body of the functiona. significa.ce of ma.ma.ia. pela.e [Current Zoology 57 （6）： 731-736, 2011].

关键词： Polymorphism Mela.ism Fox squirrels Sciurus niger Hea. stress Ha.r morphology

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Lea.-pha.e a.d red-stripe color morphs of red-ba.k.d sa.a.a.ders Plethodon cinereus differ in hema.ologica. stress indices:a.consequence of differentia. preda.ion pressure?

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Current Zoology 2010年第2期56卷 238-243页

作者： andrew k.davis Joseph R.MILa.OVICH D.B. Wa.nell School of Forestry a.d Na.ura. Resources The University of Georgia

Throughout the a.ima. k.ngdom there a.e species tha. ha.e two or more phenotypic forms or ‘morphs＇, a.d ma.y of these a.e a.phibia.s. In North a.erica. the red-ba.k.d sa.a.a.der Plethodon cinereus ca. ha.e either a.red dorsa. stripe or no dorsa. stripe （lea.-pha.e form）, a.d evidence to da.e indica.es the lea.-pha.e form incurs a.grea.er number of a.ta.k. from preda.ors. In a.recent collection of 51 P cinereus, blood smea.s of both color morphs （35 red-stripe, 16 lea.-pha.e） were exa.ined to obta.n numbers of circula.ing leuk.cytes （via.light microscopy）, which ca. be used to indirectly estima.e levels of stress hormones in vertebra.es via.a.‘hema.ologica. stress index＇, which is the ra.io between the number of two leuk.cyte types （neutrophils a.d lymphocytes）. Our results showed tha. lea.-pha.e sa.a.a.ders tended to ha.e grea.er numbers of circula.ing neutrophils a.d lower numbers of circula.ing lymphocytes tha. red-stripe morphs, lea.ing to higher a.era.e neutrophil-lymphocyte ra.ios in lea.-pha.e individua.s. Since the sa.a.a.ders were held （refrigera.ed） for 7 da.s before sa.pling, we ca.not be certa.n if this effect is a.stress rea.tion to the ca.tivity or the norma. level for this morph. However compa.ison with two sets of rela.ed sa.a.a.ders tha. were ca.tured a.d sa.pled immedia.ely indica.es the red-stripe sa.a.a.ders were either not stressed from the ca.tivity a. a.l, or their white blood cell distributions ha. returned to norma. a.ter 7 da.s of ca.tivity. Ta.en together, our results indica.e tha. lea.-pha.e forms of P. cinereus ha.e higher stress levels tha. the red-stripe forms, which ma. be a.consequence of their higher exposure to, a.d/or a.ta.k. from, preda.ors. They ma. a.so indica.e tha. the lea.-pha.e form is less-suited to ca.tivity tha. the red-stripe form of this species.

关键词： Red-ba.k.d sa.a.a.der Plethodon cinereus Color polyrnorphism Hema.ologica. stress index Corticosterone

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Pela.e color of red ba.s La.iurus borea.is va.ies with body size:a. ima.e a.a.ysis of museum specimens

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Current Zoology 2010年第4期56卷 401-405页

作者： andrew k.davis Steven B.Ca.TLEBERRY D.B. Wa.nell School of Forestry a.d Na.ura. Resources The University of Georgia

Ma.ma.ia. pela.e color ca. va.y a.ong individua.s of ma.y species, a.though this intra.pecific va.ia.ion is oftenoverlook.d by resea.chers, perha.s beca.se of its sometimes subtle na.ure a.d difficulty in a.sessing it qua.tita.ively. Thus, suchva.ia.ion is ra.ely studied in ma.ma.s, a.d this is especia.ly true within the order Chiroptera. where there ha. been very little empirica.resea.ch. We exa.ined museum specimens of red ba.s (La.iurus borea.is, fa.ily Vespertilionida.) from Georgia. USa. todetermine the extent of sexua. dimorphism in pela.e color a.d to explore possible a.socia.ions between body size a.d pela.ecolor. We photogra.hed 54 specimens under uniform lighting, a.d used a. ima.e a.a.ysis progra. to mea.ure pela.e hue on theuropa.a.ium region, which is fully furred in members of the genus La.iurus. Sta.istica. a.a.yses of pela.e hue scores showedma.es ha. significa.tly redder pela.e tha. fema.es when considered a.one, but when exa.ined together with effects of body sizea.d collection yea., sex wa. not significa.t, a.d collection yea. a.d body size were. More recent specimens tended to be less redtha. older specimens, which might indica.e a.wea.ing of the buffy tips of ha.rs from older specimens, a.d sma.ler ba.s of bothsexes tended to be more red. These interesting findings a.e encoura.ing a.d we suggest tha. future explora.ions into intra.pecificva.ia.ion in pela.e color of ba.s using this or simila. a.proa.hes a.e wa.ra.ted to cla.ify the significa.ce of the pa.terns. Thisstudy a.so demonstra.ed tha. ca.e must be ta.en in a.a.yses of ma.ma.ia. pela.e color from older museum sk.ns, or a. lea.t tha.resea.chers must ta.e into a.count the a.e of the specimens .

关键词： Pela.e color Sexua. dimorphism Red ba.s La.iurus borea.is Ima.e a.a.ysis

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Discrete composition control of two-dimensiona. morphologic a.l-inorga.ic meta. ha.ide perovsk.te na.ocrysta.s

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Journa. of Energy Chemistry 2021年第8期30卷 257-275,I0006页

作者： andrew Hunter davis Weiwei Zheng Depa.tment of Chemistry Syracuse University13244 SyracuseUnited States

Meta. ha.ide perovsk.te na.ocrysta.s(NCs)exhibit impressive optica. a.d electronic properties,ma.ing them a. importa.t cla.s of functiona. ma.eria.s with promising a.plica.ions in sola. cells,light emitting diodes(LEDs),photodetectors,a.d *** a.dition to the widely studied 0-dimensiona.(0 D)meta. ha.ide perovsk.te NCs,such a. na.ocubes,low dimensiona. perovsk.tes,such a. 2 D a.l-inorga.ic perovsk.te(a.P)NCs,subsist with directiona.ly releva.t qua.tum *** a.isotropic NCs ha.e the propensity to exhibit interesting optoelectronic properties tha. a.e exceedingly difficult to introduce into 0 D systems,yet a. of la.e a.e la.gely *** this review,we discuss the recent synthetic progress of 2 D a.l-inorga.ic meta. ha.ide perovsk.te NCs with a.X3 ***,we highlight the discrete composition control of the ca.ions(a.a.d B sites)a.d a.ions(X site)by dopa.t incorpora.ion a.d a.loying in 2 D meta. ha.ide perovsk.te *** will a.so discuss more complex perovsk.te crysta. structures,such a. Ruddlesden-Popper double perovsk.tes,a.d compa.e these ma.eria.s to 0 D perovsk.te ***,our work.culmina.es in the future interests a.d perspectives of this field with a.focus on the wide a.plica.ility of 2 D systems a.d the la.ge va.ia.ce in structure ca.a.le with discrete compositiona. tuning.

关键词： a.l-inorga.ic perovsk.tes Two-dimensiona. na.ocrysta.s Composition Doping a.loying Ion excha.ge

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Incidence a.d outcomes of intra.erebra. ha.morrha.e with mecha.ica. compression hydrocepha.us

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Strok. & Va.cula. Neurology 2021年第3期6卷 328-336页

作者： Bryce Owen Oma. a.bik.Michel Torbey Herbert davis andrew P Ca.lson School of Medicine University of New Mexico School of MedicineAlbuquerqueNew MexicoUSA Neurosurgery University of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNew MexicoUSA Neurology University of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNew MexicoUSA Division of Epidemiology Biostatisticsand Preventive MedicineUniversity of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNew MexicoUSA

Introduction Intra.erebra. ha.morrha.e(ICH)within deep structures a.ja.ent to the third ventricle is a.socia.ed with worse outcomes when compa.ed with loba. ICH due to the critica. role of deep nuclei in norma. neurologica. *** evidence suggests a.other contributing fa.tor to poor outcome is obstruction of cerebrospina. fluid outflow by clot burden ca.sing mecha.ica. compression of the third *** a.thors reviewed the incidence a.d outcomes of mecha.ica. compression ICH in order to identify this high-risk.group which ma. potentia.ly benefit from minima.ly inva.ive *** Pa.ients with sponta.eous,non-tra.ma.ic,supra.entoria. ICH were identified retrospectively over a.30-month *** ima.ing wa. reviewed to a.sess loca.ion of the ICH,volume of the ICH,presence of hydrocepha.us requiring externa. ventricula. dra.n(EVD)pla.ement,a.d time to clea.ing of the third *** wa. then ca.egorised a. due to‘prima.ily intra.entricula. ha.morrha.e(IVH)’,‘prima.ily mecha.ica. compression’or‘mixed’.Functiona. outcomes a. discha.ge were a.sessed using the modified Ra.k.n Score(mRS).Results 287 pa.ients met inclusion criteria.of which 39(13.5%)pa.ients developed hydrocepha.us tha. required *** pa.ients ha. significa.tly higher mRS a. discha.ge(p≤0.001)when compa.ed with the non-EVD *** loca.ion wa. a.socia.ed with lower odds of poor outcome compa.ed with tha.a.ic loca.ion(OR 0.107-0.560).Mecha.ica. compression hydrocepha.us wa. a.socia.ed with poor outcome when compa.ed with the prima.y IVH hydrocepha.us subgroup(p=0.037)a. well a. longer time to clea.ing of the third ventricle(p=0.006).Conclusions Mecha.ica. obstruction requiring EVD occurs in a.proxima.ely(21/287)7.3%of a.l pa.ients with sponta.eous supra.entoria. *** is unk.own if the worse morbidity in these subjects is purely rela.ed to da.a.e to deep structures surrounding the third ventricle or if seconda.y da.a.e from hydrocepha.us could be mitiga.ed with ta.

关键词： hydrocepha.us da.a.e prima.ily

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Enha.ced singlet oxygen genera.ion by hybrid Mn-doped na.ocomposites for selective photo-oxida.ion of benzylic a.cohols

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Na.o Resea.ch 2020年第6期13卷 1668-1676页

作者： Zhi-Jun Li Shuya.Li andrew Hunter davis Ela. Hofma. Gyu Leem Weiwei Zheng Depa.tment of Chemistry Syracuse UniversitySyracuseNY13244USA Depa.tment of Chemistry State University of New York College of Environmental Science and ForestrySyracuseNY13210USA The Micha.l M.Szwa.c Polymer Resea.ch Institute SyracuseNY13210USA

Tra.sition-meta. ions doped na.ocrysta.s(NCs),specifica.ly Mn-doped NCs,hold grea. potentia. in the field of photoca.a.ysis,especia.ly,to improve photoca.a.ytic performa.ce for singlet oxygen(1O2)***,we report the design of a.novel Mn-doped NC-ba.ed na.ocomposites,specifica.ly,silica.coa.ed Mn-doped CdS/ZnS NCs decora.ed with Pt NCs(denoted a. Mn-NCs@SiO2-Pt),which enha.ce photoca.a.ytic 1O2 *** to the long-lived Mn excited sta.e(on the order of ms),the energy-tra.sfer between Mn-NCs a.d molecula. oxygen is fa.ilita.ed with the a.sista.ce of the Pt NCs a.hered to the Mn-NC@SiO2 ***,the Mn-NCs@SiO2-Pt composites,integra.e the a.va.ta.es of Mn-doped NCs,a.protective silica.la.er,a.d Pt NCs to exhibit excellent ca.a.ytic a.tivity a.d selectivity for the selective oxida.ion of prima.y benzylic a.cohols to a.dehydes through a. 1O2 enga.ed oxida.ion process under visible-light *** work.pa.es the wa. for enha.cing ca.a.ytic performa.ce via.fa.ilita.ed energy tra.sfer rela.a.ion by utilizing the long-lived excited-sta.e of Mn2+dopa.t ions in na.ocomposites.

关键词： doped na.ocrysta.s energy tra.sfer photoca.a.ysis singlet oxygen selective oxida.ion

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Compa.a.ive eva.ua.ion of urolithia.is ma.a.ement options in pa.ients with horseshoe k.dney:a.systema.ic review a.d meta.a.a.ysis

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Current Urology 2023年第3期17卷 193-205页

作者： Ya.a. Qa.ud Merella.a. Ta.i Fiona.Bola.d andrew Simpson Nia.l davis Depa.tment of Surgery Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland(RCSI)DublinD02 YN77Ireland Da.a.Science Centre Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland(RCSI)DublinIreland RCSI Libra.y Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland(RCSI)DublinIreland

Ba.k.round:Horseshoe k.dney is a.ra.e congenita. a.oma.y commonly complica.ed by *** shock.a.e lithotripsy(ESWL),ureteroscopy(URS),a.d percuta.eous nephrolithotomy(PCNL)a.e trea.ment options for horseshoe k.dney *** a.m of this systema.ic review is to compa.e the benefits a.d risk. of these ma.a.ement ***:MEDLINE,EMBa.E,a.d Cochra.e Libra.y da.a.a.es were sea.ched from inception to Februa.y 2022.a.tota. of 516 nonduplica.e studies were screened a.a.nst the inclusion a.d exclusion *** compa.ing a. lea.t 2 interventions with>10 pa.ients per intervention were ***:Nine retrospective observa.iona. studies published from 2007 to 2021 with a.tota. of 565 pa.ients were *** mea.±SD or mea.(ra.ge)stone sizes ra.ged between 17.90±2.43 mm a.d 27.9±8.6 mm for PCNL,8.4(2-25)mm a.d 22.3±9.1 mm for URS,a.d 11.9±2.0 mm a.d 16.8±4.4 mm for *** wa. no difference in single-session a.d overa.l stone-free ra.e(SFR)between PCNL a.d URS,with a.risk.ra.io of 1.04(95%confidence interva.,0.95-1.13;I2=20.63%).Ureteroscopy ha. better stone clea.a.ce tha. ESWL,with a. overa.l SFR risk.ra.io of1.38(95%confidence interva.,1.04-1.82;I2=0%).There wa. no sta.istica.ly significa.t difference in overa.l SFR between PCNL a.d *** pa.ients who underwent URS a.d ESWL experienced Cla.ien-Dindo(CD)gra.eⅠ-Ⅱ*** nephrolithotomy wa. a.socia.ed with the highest complica.ion ra.es,including 5 CD gra.eⅢa.d 3 CD gra.eⅣcomplica.ions a.d a.mea. postopera.ive hemoglobin drop of 0.47 to 1.83 g/*** were no CD gra.e V complica.ions a.ross a.l ***:There wa. no difference in SFR between PCNL a.d *** wa. a.socia.ed with a.sma.ler stone burden a.d fewer a.d less severe *** wa. found to be more effective tha. ESWL with a.higher SFR a.d compa.a.le sa.ety *** la.ge-sca.e ra.domized controlled tria.s a.e needed to confirm these findings.

关键词： Horseshoe k.dney Conjoined k.dneys k.dney stones Extra.orporea. shock.a.e lithotripsy Percuta.eous nephrolithotomy Ureteroscopy

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The Pa.sing of a. Era

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Engineering 2016年第2期2卷 149-150页

作者： La.ce a. davis Senior a.visor US National Academy of Engineering

Much ha. been written a.out the impending demise of Moore＇s La., the exponentia. sca.ing of tra.sistor density on in- tegra.ed circuit （IC） chips. When pondering the consequences of this upcoming shift, it is a.propria.e to ta.e a.moment to note the pa.sing of andrew Grove on Ma.ch 21, 2016 a. the a.e of 79. Grove wa. the CEO of Intel Corpora.ion from 1987 to 1998, fol- lowing Gordon Moore, a.d wa. then its Cha.r until 2005. a. much a. a.yone, Grove wa. responsible for tra.sforming Moore＇s La. a.d the informa.ion revolution into rea.ities.

关键词：首席执行官英特尔公司集成电路信息革命晶体管

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Fish a.sembla.es in protected sea.ra.s ha.ita.s:a.sessing fish a.unda.ce a.d diversity in no-ta.e ma.ine reserves a.d fished a.ea.

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a.ua.ulture a.d Fisheries 2020年第5期5卷 213-223页

作者： Rhia.non S.k.ggins Na.ha. a.k.ott Trista. New andrew R.davis Centre for Susta.na.le Ecosystem Solutions a.d School of Biologica. Sciences University of WollongongWollongongNSW2522Australia Fisheries Resea.ch NSW Department of Primary IndustriesPO Box 89HuskissonNSW2540Australia

Ma.ine reserves a.e a. importa.t ma.a.ement tool for conserving loca. biodiversity a.d protecting fra.ile ecosystems such a. sea.ra.s tha. provide significa.t ecologica. functions a.d services to people a.d the ma.ine *** huma.s pla.ing ever-growing pressure on sea.ra.s ha.ita.s,ma.ine reserves a.so provide a. importa.t reference from which cha.ges to sea.ra.s a.d their ecologica. a.sembla.es ma. be *** eight yea.s of protection of sea.ra.s beds(Posidonia.a.stra.is)in no-ta.e ma.ine reserves(Sa.ctua.y Zones)within the Jervis Ba. Ma.ine Pa.k.New South Wa.es,a.stra.ia.zoned in 2002),we a.med to a.sess wha. cha.ges ma. ha.e occurred a.d a.sess continuing cha.ge through time in fish a.sembla.es within these sea.ra.s *** ba.ted remote underwa.er videos(BRUVs),we sa.pled sea.ra.s fish a.sembla.es a. three loca.ions in no-ta.e zones a.d five loca.ions in fished zones three times from 2010 to ***,we observed a.tota. of 2615 individua.s from 40 fish species dra.n from 24 *** detected no differences in tota. fish a.unda.ce,diversity,or a.sembla.e composition between ma.a.ement zones,a.though we observed a.significa.t increa.e in Ha.etta.semifa.cia.a.a.loca.ly ta.geted fish species,in no-ta.e ma.ine reserves compa.ed with fished *** a.sembla.es in sea.ra.s va.ied grea.ly a.ongst times a.d *** species va.ied in rela.ive a.unda.ce grea.ly over months a.d yea.s,whilst others ha. consistently grea.er rela.ive a.unda.ces a. specific *** discuss the potentia. utility of ma.ine reserves covering sea.ra.s ha.ita.s a.d the va.ue of ba.eline da.a.from which future cha.ges to sea.ra.s fish popula.ions ma. be mea.ured.

关键词： Ba.ted remote underwa.er video BRUV Jervis Ba. Ma.ine Pa.k JBMP Booderee Na.iona. Pa.k Sa.ctua.y zone Ha.etta.semifa.cia.a Blue Weed Whiting

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Fa.rica.ion-tolera.t Fourier tra.sform spectrometer on silicon with broa. ba.dwidth a.d high resolution

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Photonics Resea.ch 2020年第2期8卷 219-224页

作者： a.G LI JORDa. davis andrew GRIECO Na.F a.SHa.Ra.I YESHa.a.U Fa.NMa. Depa.tment of Electrica. a.d Computer Engineering University of CaliforniaSan DiegoCalifomia 92093USA k.ng a.dula.iz City for Science a.d Technology(k.0}ST) Riyadh 11442Saudi Arabia

We report a. a.va.ced Fourier tra.sform spectrometer(FTS)on silicon with significa.t improvement compa.ed with our previous demonstra.ion in[***.9,665(2018)].We retrieve a.broa.ba.d spectrum(7 THz a.ound 193 THz)with 0.11 THz or sub nm resolution,more tha. 3 times higher tha. previously demonstra.ed[***.9,665(2018)].Moreover,it effectively solves the issue of fa.rica.ion va.ia.ion in wa.eguide width,which is a.common issue in silicon *** structure is a.ba.a.ced Ma.h–Zehnder interferometer with 10 cm long serpentine ***-continuous optica. pa.h difference between the two a.ms is induced by cha.ging the effective index of one a.m using a. integra.ed *** serpentine a.ms utilize wide multi-mode wa.eguides a. the stra.ght sections to reduce propa.a.ion loss a.d na.row single-mode wa.eguides a. the bending sections to k.ep the footprint compa.t a.d a.oid moda. *** reduction of propa.a.ion loss lea.s to higher spectra. efficiency,la.ger dyna.ic ra.ge,a.d better signa.-to-noise ***,for the first time to our k.owledge,we perform a.thorough systema.ic a.a.ysis on how the fa.rica.ion va.ia.ion on the wa.eguide widths ca. a.fect its ***,we demonstra.e tha. using wide wa.eguides efficiently lea.s to a.fa.rica.ion-tolera.t *** work.could further pa.e the wa. towa.ds a.ma.ure silicon-ba.ed FTS opera.ing with both broa. ba.dwidth(over 60 nm)a.d high resolution suita.le for integra.ion with va.ious mobile pla.forms.

关键词： wa.eguide interferometer resolution

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