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Two intestinal microbiota-derived metabolites, deoxycholic acid and butyrate, synergize to enhance host defense peptide synthesis and alleviate necrotic enteritis

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 1158-1172页

作者： Dohyung M.Kim Jing Liu melanie a.whitmore Isabel Tobin Zijun Zhao Guolong Zhang Department of Animal and Food Sciences Oklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOKUSA

Background Necrotic enteritis(NE)is a major enteric disease in poultry,yet effective mitigation strategies remain *** acid(DCA)and butyrate,two major metabolites derived from the intestinal microbiota,have independently been shown to induce host defense peptide(HDP)***,the potential synergy between these two compounds remains *** To investigate the possible synergistic effect between DCA and butyrate in regulating HDP synthesis and barrier function,we treated chicken HD11 macrophage cells and jejunal explants with DCA and sodium butyrate(NaB),either individually or in combination,for 24 ***,we performed RNA isolation and reverse transcrip-tion-quantitative PCR to analyze HDP genes as well as the major genes associated with barrier *** further determine the synergy between DCA and NaB in enhancing NE resistance,we conducted two independent trials with Cobb broiler *** each trial,the diet was supplemented with DCA or NaB on the day-of-hatch,followed by NE induction through sequential challenges with Eimeria maxima and Clostridium perfringens on d 10 and 14,*** recorded animal mortality after infection and assessed intestinal lesions on d *** impact of DCA and NaB on the microbiota in the ileum and cecum was evaluated through bacterial 16S rRNA gene *** We found that the combination of DCA and NaB synergistically induced multiple HDP genes in both chicken HD11 cells and jejunal ***,the gene for claudin-1,a major tight junction protein,also exhibited synergistic induction in response to DCA and ***,dietary supplementation with a combination of 0.75 g/kg DCA and 1 g/kg NaB led to a significant improvement in animal survival and a reduction in intestinal lesions compared to either compound alone in a chicken model of ***,the cecal microbiota of NE-infected chickens showed a marked decrease in SCFA-producing bacteria such as Bacteroides,F

关键词： Bile acids Host defense peptides Metabolites Microbiome Necrotic enteritis Short-chain fatty acids

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Two intestinal microbiota-derived metabolites, deoxycholic acid and butyrate, synergize to enhance host defense peptide synthesis and alleviate necrotic enteritis.

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畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版) 2024年第3期 1158页

作者： Dohyung M.Kim Jing Liu melanie a.whitmore Isabel Tobin Zijun Zhao Guolong Zhang

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Linkage between the intestinal microbiota and residual feed intake in broiler chickens

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2021年第3期12卷 1073-1088页

作者： Jing Liu Sydney N.Stewart Kelsy Robinson Qing Yang Wentao Lyu melanie a.whitmore Guolong Zhang Department of Animal and Food Sciences Oklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOKUSA Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit USDA-Agricultural Research Service(ARS)FayettevilleARUSA Institute of Quality and Standards for Agro-products Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhouChina

Background:Intestinal microbiota plays a key role in nutrient digestion and utilization with a profound impact on feed efficiency of livestock ***,the intestinal microbes that are critically involved in feed efficiency remain ***:To identify intestinal bacteria associated with residual feed intake(RFI)in chickens,male Cobb broiler chicks were individually housed from day 14 to day *** RFI values were calculated for 56 *** contents were collected from the ileum,cecum,and cloaca of each animal on day *** DNA was isolated and subjected to 16S rRNA gene *** microbiota was classified to the feature level using Deblur and QIIME *** and low RFI groups were formed by selecting 15 and 17 chickens with the most extreme RFI values for subsequent LEfSe comparison of the difference in the *** correlation analysis was further performed to identify correlations between the intestinal microbiota composition and ***:No significant difference in evenness,richness,and overall diversity of the microbiota in the ileum,cecum,or cloaca was observed between high and low RFI ***,LEfSe analysis revealed a number of bacterial features being differentially enriched in either high or low RFI *** correlation analysis further identified many differentially enriched bacterial features to be significantly correlated with RFI(P<0.05).Importantly,not all short-chain fatty acid(SCFA)producers showed a positive association with *** two novel members of Oscillibacter and Butyricicoccus were more abundant in low-RFI,high-efficiency chickens,several other SCFA producers such as Subdoligranulum variabile and two related Peptostreptococcaceae members were negatively associated with feed ***,a few closely-related Lachnospiraceae family members showed a positive correlation with feed efficiency,while others of the same family displayed an opposite relationship.C

关键词： Feed conversion ratio Feed efficiency Microbiota Poultry Residual feed intake

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Perturbations of the ileal mycobiota by necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第2期13卷 520-535页

作者： Qing Yang Jing Liu Kelsy J.Robinson melanie a.whitmore Sydney N.Stewart Guolong Zhang Department of Animal and Food Sciences Oklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOKUSA Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit USDA-Agricultural Research ServiceFayettevilleARUSA Safety and Security Division Institute for Public ResearchCNAArlingtonVAUSA

Background:Intestinal microbiota is critical for maintaining animal health and ***,involvement of the fungal community,also known as the mycobiota,in animal health and disease is poorly *** study was aimed to examine the association between the intestinal mycobiota and the severity of necrotic enteritis(NE),an economically significant poultry ***:A total of 90 day-of-hatch Cobb broilers were infected with Eimeria maxima on d 10,followed by an oral challenge with *** on d 14 to induce NE,while another 10 broilers were served as mock-infected *** d 17,the lesions in the jejunum were scored,and the ileal digesta were subjected to DNA isolation and real-time PCR quantification of total bacterial and fungi *** transcribed spacer 2(ITS2)amplicon sequencing was also performed to profile the ileal mycobiota *** in the ileal mycobiota in response to NE were *** correlation analysis was further conducted to identify the correlations between relative abundances of individual ileal fungi and the severity of ***:While the total bacterial population in the ileum was increased by 2-to 3-fold in NE chickens,the total fungal population was progressively declined in more exacerbated NE,with the most severely infected chickens showing a nearly 50-fold reduction relative to mock-infected *** of the ileal mycobiota also tended to reduce in chickens with NE(P=0.06).Compositionally,among 30 most abundant fungal amplicon sequence variants(ASVs),11 were diminished and 7 were enriched(P0.05).Multiple Wallemia and Aspergillus species were markedly diminished in NE(P<0.05)and also showed a significant negative correlation with NE severity(P<0.05).Conclusions:Dysbiosis of the ileal mycobiota is induced evidently by NE and the extent of the dysbiosis is positively correlated with disease ***

关键词： Antimicrobial resistance C.perfringens Dysbiosis ITS sequencing Microbiome Mycobiota Necrotic enteritis Poultry

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Perturbations of the ileal mycobiota by necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens

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畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版) 2022年第2期

作者： Qing Yang Jing Liu Kelsy J.Robinson melanie a.whitmore Sydney N.Stewart Guolong Zhang

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Digital Earth’s Nervous System for crisis events:real-time Sensor Web Enablement of Volunteered Geographic Information

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2010年第3期3卷 242-259页

作者： Bertrand De Longueville Alessandro Annoni Sven Schade Nicole Ostlaender Ceri whitmore Institute for Environment and Sustainability Joint Research Centrevia E.Fermi1T.P.262Ispra 21020Italy

Digital Earth(DE)is a powerful metaphor for the organisation and access to digital information through a multi-scale three-dimensional representation of the *** progress gave a concrete body to this ***,this body is not yet self-aware:further integration of the temporal and voluntary dimension is needed to better portray the event-based nature of our *** thus aim to extend DE vision with a Nervous System in order to provide decision makers with improved alerting *** applications are foreseen for crisis management,where up-to-date situational awareness is *** it is traditionally built through trusted sources,citizens can play a complementary role by providing geo-referenced information known as Volunteered Geographic Information(VGI).Although workflows have been implemented to create,validate and distribute VGI datasets for various thematic domains,its exploitation in real time and its integration into existing concepts of DE,such as spatial data infrastructures,still needs to be further *** this paper we suggest to bridge this gap through Sensor Web Enablement for VGI,where VGI sensing becomes a sense of the DE’s Nervous *** discuss this approach and its applicability in the context of a forest fire scenario.

关键词： sensor web VGI SDI crisis Digital Earth’s Nervous System

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Tyrosine phosphorylation and bacterial virulence

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International Journal of Oral Science 2012年第1期4卷 1-6页

作者： Sarah E whitmore Richard J Lamont Center for Oral Health and Systemic Disease School of DentistryUniversity of Louisville

Protein phosphorylation on tyrosine has emerged as a key device in the control of numerous cellular functions in *** this article,we review the structure and function of bacterial tyrosine kinases and *** is catalyzed by autophosphorylating adenosine triphosphate-dependent enzymes（bacterial tyrosine（BY） kinases） that are characterized by the presence of Walker *** reverse reaction is catalyzed by three classes of enzymes：the eukaryotic-like phosphatases（PTPs） and dual-specific phosphatases;the low molecular weight protein-tyrosine phosphatases（LMW-PTPs）;and the polymerase-histidinol phosphatases（PHP）.Many BY kinases and tyrosine phosphatases can utilize host cell proteins as substrates,thereby contributing to bacterial *** tyrosine phosphorylation/dephosphorylation is also involved in biofilm formation and community *** Porphyromonas gingivalis tyrosine phosphatase Ltp1 is involved in a restraint pathway that regulates heterotypic community development with Streptococcus ***1 is upregulated by contact with *** and Ltp1 activity controls adhesin expression and levels of the interspecies signal AI-2.

关键词： oral biofilm Porphyromonas gingivalis Streptococcus tyrosine phosphorylation virulence

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Effect of selected dietary fibre sources and addition levels on physical and cooking quality attributes of fibre-enhanced pasta

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Food Quality and Safety 2019年第2期3卷 117-127页

作者： Silva Makhlouf Spencer Jones Shu-Hong Ye Martin Sancho-Madriz Bonny Burns-whitmore Yao Olive Li Department of Nutrition&Food Science Don B.Huntley College of AgricultureCalifornia State Polytechnic UniversityPomonaUSA

Objectives:This study was to evaluate the feasibility of incorporating dietary fibre,from three distinctive sources-oat bran(OB),whole barley flour,and resistant starch(RS),into regular pasta *** and Methods:The effects of these fibre sources on product quality and sensory properties were examined,when added at levels of 5,10,and 15 per cent(w/w,dry basis),respectively.A commercial pasta extruder was used to make spiral-shaped pasta(fusilli)for each formulation,and all samples were dried to be within shelf-stable moisture content[water activity(aw)below 0.4).Quality characteristics including total dietary fibre content,water uptake index,cooking loss,colour,and textural properties were measured for the samples made with optimized *** acceptance of fibre-enriched pasta products was determined using an affective ranking *** and Conclusions:The results demonstrated that fibre-enriched pasta could be produced by adding up to 15 per cent of dietary fibre into regular semolina-based pasta formulation,leading to acceptable products with matching characteristics of texture and colour compared to commercial *** the three fibre sources,OB offered better characteristics of texture and taste,while RS featured the most desired golden *** all three addition levels resulted in acceptable products,the lower addition level(5 per cent)led to the highest preference from the sensory panel.

关键词： fibre-enriched pasta oat bran barley resistant starch sensory evaluation

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三轴形变核^(131)Ba中的奇异集体激发模式

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物理学报 2024年第11期73卷 89-100页

作者：韦锐周厚兵王思成丁兵强赟华贾晨旭陈红星郭松 C.M.Petrache D.Mengoni A.Astier E.Dupont 吕冰锋 D.Bazzacco A.Boso A.Goasduff F.Recchia D.Testov F.Galtarossa G.Jaworski D.R.Napoli S.Riccetto M.Siciliano J.J.Valiente-Dobon C.Andreoiu F.H.Garcia K.Ortner K.whitmore A.Ataç-Nyberg T.Bäck B.Cederwall E.A.Lawrie I.Kuti D.Sohler T.Marchlewski J.Srebrny A.Tucholski 广西师范大学物理科学与技术学院桂林541004 广西核物理与核技术重点实验室桂林541004 中国科学院近代物理研究所兰州730000 中国科学院大学北京100049 巴黎萨克雷大学 CNRS/IN2P3IJCLab奥赛91405 帕多瓦大学物理和天文学系帕多瓦I-35131 意大利国家核物理研究所帕多瓦分部帕多瓦I-35131 意大利国家核物理研究所莱尼亚罗国家实验室莱尼亚罗(帕多瓦)I-35020 费拉拉大学理学与自然科学院费拉拉西蒙菲莎大学化学系本拿比BC V5A 1S6 皇家理工学院物理系斯德哥摩尔S-10691 国家研究基金会iThemba加速器科学实验室西萨默塞特7123 西开普大学物理与天文系贝尔维尔ZA-7535 HUN-REN原子核研究所德布勒森4001 华沙巴斯德拉大学重离子实验室华沙02-093

利用意大利Legnaro实验室串列静电加速器提供的65 MeV^(13)C束流与122Sn靶的熔合蒸发反应布居了^(131)Ba的高自旋态,并搭建了新的能级纲图.新的能级纲图由15条转动带组成,包括三对手征双重带,其中两对正宇称手征带为赝自旋-手征四重带.... 详细信息

利用意大利Legnaro实验室串列静电加速器提供的65 MeV^(13)C束流与122Sn靶的熔合蒸发反应布居了^(131)Ba的高自旋态,并搭建了新的能级纲图.新的能级纲图由15条转动带组成,包括三对手征双重带,其中两对正宇称手征带为赝自旋-手征四重带.正负宇称手征带通过一系列增强的E1跃迁连接,表明它们之间存在八极关联.在低自旋区域搭建了一条新的转动带,通过一系列γ跃迁向νh1_(1/2)晕带退激.这种能级结构与摇摆带相似,但基于现有的实验证据还难以将它确认为摇摆带,不能排除其他集体激发机制,如γ振动的影响.

关键词：高自旋态手征带赝自旋八极关联摇摆运动

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Genetic loci for HDL levels in mouse intercross C57BL/6J and 129S1/SvImJ

Genetic loci for HDL levels in mouse intercross C57BL/6J and...

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遗传学进步与人口健康高峰论坛

作者： Harry whitmore Beverly Paigen The Jackson Laboratory600 Maine Street Bar Harbor ME 04609 USA

The discovery of new genes responsible for regulation of high-density Iipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) has great clinical relevance since increases in HDL can reduce cardiovascular disease *** (KO) mice are used to test the gent function in ***,most KO mice are B6.129 conganic,identifying the HDL-regulation gene in intercross between strains B6 and 129 is critical to explain correctly the HDL gene function found in KO *** identify the genetic [oci influencing HDL levels,

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