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Stochastic model of measles transmission dynamics with double dose vaccination

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2020年第1期5卷 478-494页

作者： Getachew Teshome tilahun Seleshi Demie Alemayehu Eyob Haramaya University Department of MathematicsHaramayaEthiopia

In this paper we developed a stochastic model of measles transmission dynamics with double dose *** total population in this model was sub-divided in to five compartments,namely Susceptible SetT,Infected IetT;Vaccinated first dose V1etT;Vaccinated second dose V2etT and Recovered RetT:First the model was developed by deterministic approach and then transformed into stochastic one,which is known to play a significant role by providing additional degree of realism compared to the deterministic *** analysis of the model was done in both *** qualitative behavior of the model,like conditions for positivity of solutions,invariant region of the solution,the existence of equilibrium points of the model and their stability,and also sensitivity analysis of the model were *** showed that in both deterministic and stochastic cases if the basic reproduction number is less than 1 or greater than 1 the disease free equilibrium point is stable or unstable respectively,so that the disease dies out or persists within the *** simulations were carried out using MATLAB to support our analytical *** simulations show that how double dose vaccination affect the dynamics of human population.

关键词： Stochastic model Measles Basic reproduction number Stability analysis Sensitivity analysis Numerical simulation

Lifestyle modification practices and associated factors among hypertensive patients at Gambella Hospital Southwest Ethiopia;2019

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Frontiers of Nursing 2022年第3期9卷 329-334页

作者： tilahun Tariku Jimalo Ebissa Negara Gemechu Admasu Belay Gizaw Department of Publice Health Gambella Refugee Camp Southwest EthiopiaGambellaSNNP 74Ethiopia Department of Public Health Faculty of Public Health and Medical ScienceMetu UniversityMettuOromiya 318Ethiopia School of Nursing Institute of HealthJimma UniversityJimma 378Ethiopia

Background:Hypertension is one of the leading causes of death in developed and developing countries that need urgent strategies to implement *** lifestyle modification practices are the corner stone of the prevention and ***:To assess lifestyle modification practices and associated factors among hypertensive ***:A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among hypertensive patients from 1 April to 30 April *** random sampling was used to select the study *** were entered to EpiData 3.1 and exported to Statistical Package for Social Sciences,version 25.0,for analysis.A binary logistic regression analysis was performed to determine predictors of lifestyle modifications among hypertensive ***:The findings of this study revealed that the level of lifestyle modification practice was 79(39.5%).This finding is very low,and it has a significant effect on the management of hypertensive disorders and hypertension-related acute and chronic ***,family history of hypertension,and knowledge about hypertension were identified as predictors of lifestyle modification ***:In this study,lifestyle modification practice is low(about 40%),but scientifically,almost all hypertensive patients on follow-up should practice lifestyle modification modalities.

关键词： hypertension life style life style modification life style modification practice

Determinants of inequality in health care seeking for childhood illnesses:insights from Nairobi informal settlements

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Global Health Journal 2022年第4期6卷 198-203页

作者： Nicholas Ngomi Christopher Khayeka-Wandabwa Thaddaeus Egondi Pamela AMarinda tilahun Nigatu Haregu School of Pure and Applied Health Sciences Murang'a University of TechologyP.O.Box 75-10200MurangaKenya Laboratory of Genetics Wageningen University&Research6700 HB WageningenNetherlands Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative(DNDi) P.O.Box 21936-00505NairobiKenya Department of Food Science and Nutrition School of Agricultural Sciencesthe University of ZambiaLusakaZambia Nossal Institute for Global Health Melbourne School of Population and Global Healththe University of MelbourneMelbourne 3000Australia

Background:An in-depth understanding of patterns of inequities in healthcare seeking among the urban residents is critical in identifying appropriate interventions *** study evaluates determinants of inequality in health care seeking for childhood illnesses among informal settlement residents in Nairobi,***:Data from the second Nairobi Cross-Sectional Slum Survey(NCSS 2012)was *** inequality in seeking health care for childhood diarrhea as the prototype illness was assessed using concentration index(CI).The wealth index based on the household possessions and amenities was used as a measure for socioeconomic ***:A total of 2027 qualified women were included in this *** 16.6% of children born of younger mothers aged<20 years had diarrhea and a similar proportion of children(16.3%)was observed among mothers who were *** CI of-0.026 on health care seeking for diarrhea among children points to significant inequality among the urban poor(95% confidence interval:-0.028 to-0.023).Conclusion:Occupation of parents,age of mothers,ethnicity,marital status and children's age were major deter-minants with regard to disease outcome and to a broader extent inequality in health care seeking for childhood *** bottom top community health invigoration strategies in health information awareness and services access would be instrumental.

关键词： Diarrhea Childhood illnesses Socio-economic status Informal settlement Kenya

Modeling and Simulation of Real Gas Flow in a Pipeline

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2016年第8期4卷 1652-1681页

作者： Agegnehu Atena tilahun Muche Department of Mathematics Savannah State University Savannah USA

In this paper, a mathematical model that describes the flow of gas in a pipe is formulated. The model is simplified by making some assumptions. It is considered that the natural gas flowing in a long horizontal pipe, no heat source occurs inside the volume, transfer of heat due to heat conduction is dominated by heat exchange with the surrounding. The flow equations are coupled with equation of state. Different types of equations of state, ranging from the simple Ideal gas law to the more complex equation of state Benedict Webb Rubin Starling (BWRS), are considered. The flow equations are solved numerically using the Godunov scheme with Roe solver. Some numerical results are also presented.

关键词： Gas Flow Equation of State Godunov Scheme Roe Solver Pipe

Enhancing Amharic Information Retrieval System Based on Statistical Co-Occurrence Technique

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Journal of Computer and Communications 2015年第12期3卷 67-76页

作者： Abey Bruck Tulu tilahun Department of Computer Science & IT AMiT Arba Minch University Arba Minch Ethiopia

Information retrieval (IR) systems are designed to help information seekers retrieving relevant information from vast document. The need for relevant information from a vast amount of document gave birth to IR systems. Even though different IR systems exist, they cannot meet all users’ expectations. A different level of users’ knowledge makes queries to be expressed in different ways. As a result, the system may miss the core meaning of users query and retrieve dissatisfactory results. This happens mainly because of the ambiguities of words involved in the natural languages and expression mismatch among users and authors. The existing ambiguities in Amharic language have negative impacts on the performance of Amharic IR system. Some of the ambiguities for this type of problem are: spelling variants of the same word, polysemous and synonymous terms. If users are not fully knowledgeable about the information domain area, they will mostly formulate weak queries to retrieve documents. Thus, they end up frustrated with the results found from an IR system. This research has been conducted, aiming at augmenting the recall of previous work. Statistical co-occurrence technique has been used in order to expand query terms. The main reason for performing query expansion is to provide relevant documents as per users’ query that can satisfy their information need. Statistical co-occurrence method considers, frequently appearing terms with the query term, regardless of their position. The efficiency of proposed technique has been tested on the prototype system and the result found compared with the result of previous study. Accordingly, 6% recall and 2% f-measure improvement has been made. Hence, the statistical co-occurrence method outperformed the bi-gram based IR system.

关键词： Statistical Co-Occurrence Information Retrieval Query Expansion Amharic

Design and Development of E-Governance Model for Service Quality Enhancement

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Journal of Data Analysis and Information Processing 2015年第3期3卷 55-62页

作者： Tulu tilahun Durga Prasad Sharma Department of Computer Science & IT Arba Minch Institute of Technology Arba Minch Ethiopia AMiT AMU MOEFDRE under UNDP Ethiopia

Governance is a process of establishing policies or laws and continuously monitoring their implementation in the public. Citizens are the main stakeholders in this process. To make the governance process cost effective, easy and convenient to the citizens, information and communication technologies (ICTs) are playing a vital role. Using ICTs in governance domain can be referred as e-governance. It helps citizen to participate not only in policy making but also in service quality improvements and getting government services over network. Web technology is one of the major technologies that have been used in e-governance as a major contributor. Before invention of web, citizens used to write their opinions and send to concerned body via post mail or local suggestion box for improvements of services. After the invention of the web, it became possible to post or send the opinions/comments over organization’s web sites or portals. As the number of comments increases over the web, it is very difficult to have relevant information for furthering the decision making processes. In these study, text processing and data mining techniques have been used. The prototype system classifies citizen’s opinions in one of six service categories with the precision of 87.3% and recall of 85.8%. Further, the system determines opinions as appreciation with the precision of 100% for both depression and appreciation, and average recall of 90.85% for both depression and appreciation. The results obtained from the prototype system indicate that the techniques that have been applied are promising for real world application in e-governance.

关键词： E-Governance Depression Appreciation Neutral Information and Communications Technology

<i>In Vitro</i>Direct Organogenesis Protocol for Mass Propagation of an Elite Ethiopian Hot Pepper (<i>Capsicum annuum</i>L.) Cultivar: Mareko Fana

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2015年第9期6卷 1435-1443页

作者： tilahun Hailu Balcha Abera Jiregna Daksa Department of Biology Adama Science and Technology University Adama Ethiopia

An efficient and reproducible in vitro mass propagation protocol was developed for Mareko Fana cultivar of hot pepper (C. annuum L.) through direct organogenesis using nodal and shoot tip explants. Three percent active chlorine for 20 minutes was found to be optimum treatment combination yielding 82.5% ± 5.00% contaminant-free germinated seedlings. For shoot induction, MS + 4.5 mg/l BAP + 0.5 mg/l IAA and MS medium containing eight mg/l Zeatin were found to be optimum resulting 77.5% ± 5.00% and 67.50% ± 5.00% induction percentage for nodal and shoot tip explants respectively. Maximum shoot multiplication responses were obtained on MS + 3 mg/l BAP + 2 mg/l Kinetin with mean number of 9.2 ± 0.2 and 8.6 ± 0.00 shoots for nodal and shoot tip explants respectively. Best shoot elongation and rooting responses were obtained on MS + 0.5 mg/l IBA resulting mean value of 29.6 ± 0.12 root number, 4.25 ± 0.20 cm root length and 5.12 ± 0.20 cm shoot height. The plantlets showed 77.5% survival during acclimatization and transplanting.

关键词： Capsaicin Micro Propagation Micro Cuttings Micro Shoots Pepper Plant Growth Regulators

Nutrient Response Functions of Sorghum for Miesso District Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia

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Agricultural Sciences 2022年第1期13卷 33-48页

作者： Israel Bekele Mesfin Hundessa Bahiru tilahun Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR) Melkassa Agricultural Research Center (MARC) Melkassa Ethiopia

This study was executed to offer the basis for optimized profit from fertilizer use for sorghum yield and to determine robust crop nutrient response function and economic rate for the production of sorghum at Miesso Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia. Trails were conducted at six experimental sites, sorghum yield response to N and P fertilizers application and economically optimum rates of nitrogen (EONR) and phosphorus (EOPR) were evaluated on a vertisols within the semi-arid Miesso districts west Hararge zone of Oromia region. The nutrient rates in 2014 cropping season four levels of Nitrogen (N) alone, these levels with 20 kg·ha−1 Phosphorus (P) and without N, 69 kg·ha−1 N with three levels of P treatments including the zero control were evaluated. In 2015, cropping season similar rates of N alone, the same rate N with 20 kg·ha−1 P, 92 kg·ha−1 N with three rates of P including the zero control were evaluated. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block with three replications in factorial design. Nutrient responses of sorghum were determined using asymptotic quadratic plateau functions. The significantly highest nitrogen rate was 46 kg·ha−1 alone in 2014 season, which gave grain yield of 2.56 Mg·ha−1 with a maximum yield advantage of 43%. P rates in both seasons and combined (sites + seasons) were not significantly influenced sorghum yield. Nitrogen agronomic and partial factor productivity peaked at 23 kg N ha−1 but declined with increasing N rate. The EONR combined (sit

关键词： Sorghum Response Function Economically Optimum Rates Nutrient Use Efficiency Cost to Grain Price Ratio Ethiopia

Challenges of Groundwater Flow Model Calibration Using MODFLOW in Ethiopia: With Particular Emphasis to the Upper Awash River Basin

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2017年第3期5卷 50-66页

作者： Behailu Berehanu Tenalem Ayenew tilahun Azagegn School of Erath Sciences and Engineering Addis Ababa Science and Technology University Addis Ababa Ethiopia Department of Earth Sciences Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Ethiopia

In this work, most important problems related to model calibration have been assessed using MODFLOW. Particular emphasis is given to the Upper Awash river basin where many boreholes have been drilled for municipal and industrial uses compared with other regions in Ethiopia. Static Water Level (SWL) records from water supply wells drilled for about 32 years in the Upper Awash basin is considered to illustrate the commonly used groundwater flow model calibration procedures and associated problems. The assumptions made in the modeling procedures to use SWL data collected over many years from water supply boreholes to calibrate steady state models is too much of an assumption. Alternatives on steady and pseudo transient model calibration approaches in data scarce areas based on logical assumptions and reasonable representation of groundwater systems has been suggested. Hence, numerical groundwater flow models may play the expected key role for the sustainable groundwater resource management of the country, which is solving practical ground-water related problems.

关键词： Model Calibration Groundwater Modeling MODFLOW Upper Awash