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Enhancing anchoring and catalytic conversion of polysulfides by nitrogen deficient cobalt nitride for advanced lithium-sulfur batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第10期31卷 407-415,I0010页

作者： Min Luo Yu Bai Rui Sun meixiu qu Mengyuan Wang Zhanfeng Yang Zhenhua Wang Wang Sun Kening Sun Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China Beijing Key Laboratory for Chemical Power Source and Green Catalysis School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China

While lithium-sulfur(Li-S)battery has attracted remarkable attention owing to the high theoretical capacity,its practical application is still hindered by the shuttle and sluggish conversion kinetics of intermediate lithium polysulfides(Li PSs).Defect engineering,which can regulate the electronic structure and in turn influence the surface adsorption and catalytic capability,has been regarded as a feasible strategy to deal with the above challenges.However,few studies on nitrogen vacancies and their mechanisms are reported.Herein,cobalt nitride with nitrogen vacancies grown on multi-walled carbon nanotube(CNTCo N-VN)is designed and applied as the separator modification material to investigate the enhancing mechanism of nitrogen vacancies on Li-S batteries.The experimental evidence and theoretical calculation indicate that the introduction of nitrogen vacancies into cobalt nitride can enhance the chemical affinity to Li PSs and effectively hamper the shuttle effect.Meanwhile the reduced band gap of the d-band center of Co and p-band center of N for CNT-Co N-VNand the promoted diffusion of Li^(+) can expedite the solid-liquid and liquid-liquid conversions of sulfur species.Due to these superiorities,the cell with CNT-Co NVNmodified separator delivers a favorable initial capacity of 901 m Ah g^(-1)and a capacity of 660 m Ah g^(-1)can be achieved after 250 cycles at 2 C.This work explores the application of metal nitride with nitrogen vacancies and sheds light on the development of functional separators for high-efficient Li-S batteries.

关键词： Cobalt nitride Nitrogen vacancy Redox kinetics Separators Li-S batteries

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Time-Periodic Solutions to quasilinear Hyperbolic Systems on General Networks

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2024年第1期45卷 41-72页

作者： Peng qu School of Mathematical Sciences Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China

For quasilinear hyperbolic systems on general networks with time-periodic boundary-interface conditions with a dissipative structure,the existence and stability of the time-periodic classical solutions are discussed.

关键词： Time-periodic solution quasilinear hyperbolic system General net-work Classical solution Asymptotic stability

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Flat jet electrochemical milling of TC4 alloy with tailoring backward parallel flow

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第4期37卷 574-592页

作者： Huanghai KONG Ningsong qu College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 210016China

In flat jet electrochemical milling, the electrolyte forms a backward parallel flow after impacting the workpiece, resulting in a weak current density distribution on the workpiece. Poor surface quality usually occurs on the machined titanium alloy surface because it inevitably suffers from the weak current density. In this study, a method of flat jet electrochemical milling with tailoring the backward parallel flow was proposed to eliminate the negative effects caused by the weak current density. Multiphysics simulations are carried out to comprehend the mechanism of flat jetEC milling with tailoring backward parallel flow and better construct the novel tool electrode.Experiments on flat jet electrochemical milling of TC4 alloy with and without tailoring backward parallel flow are conducted. The results reveal that, compared with flat jet electrochemical milling without tailoring backward parallel flow, the recommended tool reduces the surface roughness by86% to 93%, and improves the material removal rate by 93% to 163% with different feed rates.Additionally, the recommended tool is more conducive to maintaining the inherent hardness of the material. Finally, a surface with low Sa of 0.37 μm is obtained.

关键词： Flat jet electrochemical milling TC4 alloy Surface roughness Micro-hardness Material removal rate

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Pathways toward a pollution-free planet and challenges

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第6期18卷 3-8页

作者： Jiuhui qu Jiaping Chen School of Environment Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China

The mission of“Establishment of Zero-Pollution Earth”defined by United Nations Environment Programme aims at creation of a clean,safe and prosperous home for all human beings.It is of rational choice from each individual to protect our environment and demonstrates our great ambition to achieve our goals.The key message given in this article is that,zero pollution does not mean no discharge of pollutants and instead it can be achievable through optimizing and controlling a sound balance between pollutants discharge and capacities of decontamination through treatment and natural environmental accumulation,which can be termed as“Principle of Equilibrium”between pollution and decontamination.Based on this principle,we propose and illustrate several key factors and synergistic pathways toward a pollution-free planet:quantitative determination on purification and wastewater;source control through green measures;minimization of negative side-effects;precise management through digitalized systems;and keeping sound balance between pollutants and natural purification.It should be noted that we would face a series of difficulties and challenges in moving forward to“Zero-Pollution Earth”.We should further develop theories,principles and tools to achieve the balance between quantity of pollutants and decontamination capacities.Environmentalists should work together to break through the bottleneck limited by“Principle of equilibrium”to establish new environmental remediation systems leading to“Zero-Pollution Earth”.

关键词： Wastewater treatment Resources Recovery Greenhouse gases Energy Pollution-free

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Physiological and psychological responses to tended plant communities with varying color characteristics

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第1期35卷 183-201页

作者： Siyuan Zheng Yanzhen Zhou Haiyan qu School of Architecture and Urban Planning Shenyang Jianzhu UniversityShenyang 110168People’s Republic of China

Exposure to plants has been reported to promote health and reduce stress,and plant color has direct impacts on physical and mental health.We used images of common types of tended plant communities in Shenyang,China,with combinations of yellow,green,and red foliage,as experimental stimuli.A total of 27 images were used as visual stimuli.We used electroencephalography to measureαwave activity(8-13 Hz)in 40 subjects while they viewed visual stimuli.These data were combined with subjective questionnaire data to analyze the relaxing effect of images of tended plant communities with different color types and proportions on people.The results revealed that,although there were slight differences between the electroencephalography and psychological findings,women were significantly more relaxed than men after viewing the images.Physiological and psychological responses varied with the types and proportions of colors in the tended plant communities:those of foliage with combinations of two or three colors induced stronger responses than images with a single color.Specifically,(1)for one-color plant communities,green or yellow plant communities induced a stronger relaxation effect than red plant communities;(2)for two-color plant communities,the optimal color proportion was 55%+45%,and the green+yellow and green+red color combinations induced a stronger relaxation effect;(3)for three-color plant communities,the relaxation effect was strongest when the color proportion was 55%green+25%yellow+20%red.These data would provide a plant color matching in future plant landscape design,which may be helpful for creating healthy and relaxing environments.

关键词： Plant community Color type Color ratio Electroencephalography Subjective questionnaire

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Digital Twin Technology of Human-Machine Integration in Cross-Belt Sorting System

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2024年第2期37卷 195-212页

作者： Yanbo qu Ning Zhao Haojue Zhang School of Mechanical Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029China Wayzim Technology Co. LtdWuxi 214108China Business School Beijing Technology and Business UniversityBeijing 100048China

The Chinese express delivery industry processes nearly 110 billion items in 2022,averaging an annual growth rate of 200%.Among the various types of sorting systems used for handling express items,cross-belt sorting systems stand out as the most crucial.However,despite their high degree of automation,the workload for operators has intensified owing to the surging volume of express items.In the era of Industry 5.0,it is imperative to adopt new technologies that not only enhance worker welfare but also improve the efficiency of cross-belt systems.Striking a balance between efficiency in handling express items and operator well-being is challenging.Digital twin technology offers a promising solution in this respect.A realization method of a human-machine integrated digital twin is proposed in this study,enabling the interaction of biological human bodies,virtual human bodies,virtual equipment,and logistics equipment in a closed loop,thus setting an operating framework.Key technologies in the proposed framework include a collection of heterogeneous data from multiple sources,construction of the relationship between operator fatigue and operation efficiency based on physiological measurements,virtual model construction,and an online optimization module based on real-time simulation.The feasibility of the proposed method was verified in an express distribution center.

关键词： Industry 5.0 Cross-belt sorting system Human-machine integrated Digital twin Online optimization

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Bacterial Cellulose/Zwitterionic Dual-network Porous Gel Polymer Electrolytes with High Ionic Conductivity

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 2024年第3期39卷 596-605页

作者：侯朝霞 WANG Haoran qu Chenying Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Materials Research and Development School of Mechanical EngineeringShenyang UniversityShenyang 110044China

Bacterial cellulose(BC)was innovatively combined with zwitterionic copolymer acrylamide and sulfobetaine methacrylic acid ester[P(AM-co-SBMA)]to build a dual-network porous structure gel polymer electrolytes(GPEs)with high ionic conductivity.The dual network structure BC/P(AM-co-SBMA)gels were formed by a simple one-step polymerization method.The results show that ionic conductivity of BC/P(AM-co-SBMA)GPEs at the room temperature are 3.2×10^(-2) S/cm@1 M H_(2)SO_(4),4.5×10^(-2) S/cm@4 M KOH,and 3.6×10^(-2) S/cm@1 M NaCl,respectively.Using active carbon(AC)as the electrodes,BC/P(AM-co-SBMA)GPEs as both separator and electrolyte matrix,and 4 M KOH as the electrolyte,a symmetric solid supercapacitors(SSC)(AC-GPE-KOH)was assembled and testified.The specific capacitance of AC electrode is 173 F/g and remains 95.0%of the initial value after 5000 cycles and 86.2%after 10,000 cycles.

关键词： bacterial cellulose zwitterion gel polymer electrolytes ionic conductivity dual-network structure

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Effects of wind speed,underlying surface,and seed morphological traits on the secondary seed dispersal in the Tengger Desert,China

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Journal of Arid Land 2024年第4期16卷 531-549页

作者： qu Wenjie ZHAO Wenzhi YANG Xinguo WANG Lei ZHANG Xue qu Jianjun Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Key Laboratory of Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystems in Northwestern China of Ministry of Education Ningxia UniversityYinchuan 750021China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China School of Ecology and Environment Ningxia UniversityYinchuan 750021China

The maintenance of sand-fixing vegetation is important for the stability of artificial sand-fixing systems in which seed dispersal plays a key role.Based on field wind tunnel experiments using 11 common plant species on the southeastern edge of the Tengger Desert,China,we studied the secondary seed dispersal in the fixed and semi-fixed sand dunes as well as in the mobile dunes in order to understand the limitations of vegetation regeneration and the maintenance of its stability.Our results indicated that there were significant variations among the selected 11 plant species in the threshold of wind speed(TWS).The TWS of Caragana korshinskii was the highest among the 11 plant species,whereas that of Echinops gmelinii was the lowest.Seed morphological traits and underlying surface could generally explain the TWS.During the secondary seed dispersal processes,the proportions of seeds that did not disperse(no dispersal)and only dispersed over short distance(short-distance dispersal within the wind tunnel test section)were significantly higher than those of seeds that were buried(including lost seeds)and dispersed over long distance(long-distance dispersal beyond the wind tunnel test section).Compared with other habitats,the mobile dunes were the most difficult places for secondary seed dispersal.Buried seeds were the easiest to be found in the semi-fixed sand dunes,whereas fixed sand dunes were the best sites for seeds that dispersed over long distance.The results of linear mixed models showed that after controlling the dispersal distance,smaller and rounder seeds dispersed farther.Shape index and wind speed were the two significant influencing factors on the burial of seeds.The explanatory power of wind speed,underlying surface,and seed morphological traits on the seeds that did not disperse and dispersed over short distance was far greater than that on the seeds that were buried and dispersed over long distance,implying that the processes and mechanisms of burial and long-distance dispersal are more complex.In summar

关键词： seed dispersal seed morphological traits wind speed vegetation regeneration wind tunnel Tengger Desert

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Earthquake potential across the North–South seismic belt of China

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Science Bulletin 2024年第2期69卷 179-182页

作者： Yanchuan Li Xinjian Shan Chunyan qu Guohong Zhang Xiaogang Song State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics Institute of GeologyChina Earthquake AdministrationBeijing 100029China

The elastic rebound theory,which frames our understanding of earthquakes,suggests that the accumulated elastic strain on faults will ultimately be released through earthquakes[1].As such,identifying the location,rate,and accumulation of slip deficit on faults constitutes a basis for seismic potential assessment[2].Interseismic coupling(ISC)refers to the ratio of the slip deficit rate on a fault to the far-field loading rate,where full and no coupling correspond to 100%and 0%slip deficits,respectively.

关键词： seismic belt fault

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Digitalizing river aquatic ecosystems

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第3期137卷 677-680页

作者： Yaohui Bai Hui Lin Chenchen Wang Qiaojuan Wang Jiuhui qu Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering Tianjin Chengjian UniversityTianjin 300384China Center for Water and Ecology Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Traditional river health assessment relies on limited water quality indices and representative organism activity,but does not comprehensively obtain biotic and abiotic information of the ecosystem.Here,we propose a new approach to evaluate the ecological and health risks of river aquatic ecosystems.First,detailed physicochemical and biological characterization of a river ecosystem can be obtained through pollutant determination(especially emerging pollutants)and DNA/RNA sequencing.Second,supervised machine learning can be applied to perform classification analysis of characterization data and ascertain river ecosystem ecology and health.Our proposed methodology transforms river ecosystem health assessment and can be applied in river management.

关键词： Digitalizing River ecosystem health Emerging pollutants High throughput sequencing Machine learning

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