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Urban public health assessment and pattern analysis： comparison of four cities in different countries

Frontiers of Earth Science 2013年第2期7卷 191-198页

作者： meirong su chen chen weiwei lu gengyuan liu zhifeng yang bin chen State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China

Urban public health is an important global issue, and receives extensive attention. It is necessary to compare urban public health status among different cities, so that each city can define its own health patterns and limiting factors. The following assessment indicators were established to evaluate urban public health status： living conditions, physical health, education and culture, envir- onmental quality, and social security. A weighted-sum model was used in combination with these indicators to compare the urban public health status in four cities-- Beijing, New York, London, and Tokyo--using data for 2000-2009. Although the urban public health level of Beijing was lower than that of the other cities, it showed the greatest increase in this level over the study period. Different patterns of urban public health were identified： London had the most balanced, steady pattern （almost all factors performed well and developed stably）; New York and Tokyo showed balanced, but unsteady patterns （most factors remained high, though social security and environ- mental quality fluctuated）; Beijing had the most unba- lanced, unsteady pattern （the different factors were at different levels, and education and culture and social security fluctuated）. For enhanced urban public health status, environmental quality and education and culture clearly need to be improved in Beijing. This study demonstrates that a comparison of different cities is helpful in identifying limiting factors for urban public health and providing an orientation for future urban development.

关键词： public health urban ecosystem health pattern limiting factor

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A review of industrial symbiosis research： theory and methodology

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2015年第1期9卷 91-104页

作者： Yan ZHANG Hongmei ZHENG bin chen meirong su gengyuan liu State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China

The theory, methodologies, and case studies in the field of industrial symbiosis have been developing for nearly 30 years. In this paper, we trace the development history of industrial symbiosis, and review its current theoretical and methodological bases, as well as trends in current research. Based on the research gaps that we identify, we provide suggestions to guide the future development of this approach to permit more comprehensive analyses. Our theoretical review includes key definitions, a classification system, and a description of the formation and development mechanisms. We discuss methodological studies from the perspective of individual industrial metabolic processes and network analysis. Analyzing specific metabolic processes can help to characterize the exchanges of materials and energy, and to reveal the ecological performance and economic benefits of the symbiosis. Network analysis methods are increasingly being used to analyze both the structural and functional characteristics of a system. Our suggestions for future research focus on three aspects： how to quantitatively classify industrial symbiosis systems, monitor the dynamics of a developing industrial symbiosis system, and analyze its internal attributes more deeply.

关键词： industrial ecology industrial symbiosis,industrial metabolism network analysis

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