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Correlation of tumor-associated macrophage density and proportion of M2 subtypes with the pathological stage of colorectal cancer

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第5期16卷 1878-1889页

作者： Fouzia Fazal Muhammad Arsalan Khan Sumayya Shawana rahma Rashid Muhammed Mubarak Department of Pathology Jinnah Medical and Dental CollegeKarachi 74800SindhPakistan Department of General Surgery Sindh Institute of Urology&Transplantation(SIUT)Karachi 74200SindhPakistan Department of Pathology Bahria University of Health SciencesKarachi 74400SindhPakistan Department of Pathology SIUTKarachi 74200SindhPakistan

BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a prevalent global malignancy with complex prognostic ***-associated macrophages(TAMs)have shown paradoxical associations with CRC survival,particularly concerning the M2 *** We aimed to establish a simplified protocol for quantifying M2-like TAMs and explore their correlation with clinicopathological *** A cross-sectional study included histopathological assessment of paraffinembedded tissue blocks obtained from 43 CRC *** CD68 and CD163 immunohistochemistry,we quantified TAMs in tumor stroma and front,focusing on M2 ***,histopathological,and clinical parameters were *** TAM density was significantly higher at the tumor front,with the M2 proportion three times greater in both *** tumor front had a higher M2 proportion,which correlated significantly with advanced tumor stage(P=0.04),pathological nodal involvement(P=0.04),and lymphovascular invasion(LVI,P=0.01).However,no significant association was found between the M2 proportion in the tumor stroma and clinicopathological *** Our study introduces a simplified protocol for quantifying M2-like TAMs in CRC tissue *** demonstrated a significant correlation between an increased M2 proportion at the tumor front and advanced tumor stage,nodal involvement,and *** suggests that M2-like TAMs might serve as potential indicators of disease progression in CRC,warranting further investigation and potential clinical application.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Macrophages Tumor stroma M2 subset Tumor front Tumor stage Lymphovascular invasion Prognosis Tumor-associated macrophages Immunohistochemistry

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New Fragile Watermarking Technique to Identify Inserted Video Objects Using H.264 and Color Features

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第9期76卷 3075-3096页

作者： Raheem Ogla Eman Shakar Mahmood Rasha I.Ahmed Abdul Monem S.rahma Computer Science Department University of TechnologyBaghdad11030Iraq Computer Science Department Al_Maarif University CollegeAnbar31001Iraq

The transmission of video content over a network raises various issues relating to copyright authenticity,ethics,legality,and *** protection of copyrighted video content is a significant issue in the video industry,and it is essential to find effective solutions to prevent tampering and modification of digital video content during its transmission through digital ***,there are stillmany unresolved *** paper aims to address those challenges by proposing a new technique for detectingmoving objects in digital videos,which can help prove the credibility of video content by detecting any fake objects inserted by *** proposed technique involves using two methods,the H.264 and the extraction color features methods,to embed and extract watermarks in video *** study tested the performance of the system against various attacks and found it to be *** evaluation was done using different metrics such as Peak-Signal-to-Noise Ratio(PSNR),Mean Squared Error(MSE),Structural Similarity Index Measure(SSIM),Bit Correction Ratio(BCR),and Normalized *** accuracy of identifying moving objects was high,ranging from 96.3%to 98.7%.The system was also able to embed a fragile watermark with a success rate of over 93.65%and had an average capacity of hiding of *** reconstructed video frames had high quality with a PSNR of at least 65.45 dB and SSIMof over 0.97,making them imperceptible to the human *** system also had an acceptable average time difference(T=1.227/s)compared with other state-of-the-art methods.

关键词： Video watermarking fragile digital watermark copyright protection moving objects color image features H.264

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Clinicopathological features and medium-term outcomes of histologic variants of primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in adults:A retrospective study

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World Journal of Nephrology 2024年第1期13卷 14-24页

作者： Nazarul Hassan Jafry Shumaila Manan rahma Rashid Muhammed Mubarak Department of Nephrology Sindh Institute of Urology and TransplantationSindhKarachi 74200Pakistan Department of Pathology Sindh Institute of Urology and TransplantationSindhKarachi 74200Pakistan

BACKGROUND The Columbia classification identified five histological variants of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis(FSGS).The prognostic significance of these variants remains *** To evaluate the relative frequency,clinicopathologic characteristics,and medium-term outcomes of FSGS variants at a single center in *** This retrospective study was conducted at the Department of Nephrology,Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation,Karachi,Pakistan on all consecutive adults(≥16 years)with biopsy-proven primary FSGS from January 1995 to December *** subjects were treated with steroids as a first-line *** response rates,doubling of serum creatinine,and kidney failure(KF)with replacement therapy were compared between histological variants using ANOVA or Kruskal Wallis,and Chi-square tests as *** were analyzed by SPSS version 22.0.P-value≤0.05 was considered *** A total of 401 patients were diagnosed with primary FSGS during the study *** these,352(87.7%)had a designated histological *** not otherwise specified(NOS)variant was the commonest,being found in 185(53.9%)patients,followed by the tip variant in 100(29.1%)***(COL),cellular(CEL),and perihilar(PHI)variants were seen in 58(16.9%),6(1.5%),and 3(0.7%)patients,*** and PHI variants were excluded from further analysis due to small patient *** mean follow-up period was 36.5±29.2 *** response rates of variants,patients with TIP lesions achieved remission more frequently(59.5%)than patients with NOS(41.8%)and COL(24.52%)variants(P<0.001).The hazard ratio of complete response among patients with the COL variant was 0.163[95%confidence interval(CI):0.039-0.67]as compared to patients with *** TIP variant showed a hazard ratio of 2.5(95%CI:1.61-3.89)for complete remission compared to the NOS ***,progressive KF was observed more frequently in patients with the COL variant,43.

关键词： Adults Columbia classification Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis Histological variants Kidney failure Kidney failure with replacement therapy

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Adult minimal change disease:Clinicopathologic characteristics,treatment response and outcome at a single center in Pakistan

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World Journal of Nephrology 2024年第4期13卷 73-80页

作者： Shaheera Shakeel rahma Rashid Nazarul H Jafry Muhammed Mubarak Department of Histopathology Sindh Institute of Urology and TransplantationKarachi 74200SindhPakistan Department of Nephrology Sindh Institute of Urology and TransplantationKarachi 74200SindhPakistan

BACKGROUND Minimal change disease(MCD)is a significant cause of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome(INS)in adults,representing approximately 10%-15% of INS *** data is scanty on clinicopathological features,treatment responses,and long-term outcomes of MCD in *** To determine the clinicopathologic characteristics,treatment responses,and medium-term outcomes of adult patients with MCD in *** This retrospective cohort study included all adult patients with biopsy-proven MCD treated at the adult nephrology clinic,Sindh institute of urology and transplantation,between January 2010 and December *** data was retrieved from the original renal biopsy request forms in the histopathology archives and the case *** on demographics,clinical presentation,laboratory findings,treatment regimens,and outcomes were collected and *** remission(CR),partial remission(PR),relapse,and steroid resistance were defined according to standard *** analyses were performed using statistical product and service solutions,Version *** The study cohort included 23 adults[15(65.2%males),mean age 26.34±10.28 years].Hypertension was found in 7(30.4%)and microscopic hematuria in 10(43.4%)of *** findings revealed a mean serum creatinine of 1.03±1.00 mg/dL,mean serum albumin of 1.94±0.90 g/dL and mean 24-hour urinary proteins of 4.53±2.43 *** mean follow-up time was 38.09±22.3 *** with steroids was effective in 16/18(88.8%)of patients,with 10/16(62.5%)achieving CR and 6/16(37.5%)achieving *** patients were resistant to steroids and required second-line immunosuppressive *** occurred in 4/20(19.04%)of patients,with a mean time to first relapse of 6.5±3.31 *** the last follow-up,18/20(85.7%)of patients were in remission,and 16/20(76.1%)maintained normal renal *** patients progressed to end-stage renal disease or *** MCD in adults shows a favorable response to steroi

关键词： Minimal change disease Nephrotic syndrome Adults Steroid therapy Immunosuppression Clinical outcomes Pakistan

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Executive Decision:Text or Talk?

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ChinAfrica 2011年第5期3卷 56-57页

作者： rahma Karam the Huazhong University of Science and Technology

Nielsen Media, a global market researchcompany, reported in March that spending onvoice calls has gone down significantly over thelast five years, while customers’ text spendingis increasing. It’s anticipated that t... 详细信息

关键词： Executive Decision:Text or Talk

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Thrombotic microangiopathy after kidney transplantation: Expanding etiologic and pathogenetic spectra

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World Journal of Transplantation 2024年第1期14卷 84-95页

作者： Muhammed Mubarak Amber Raza rahma Rashid Fnu Sapna Shaheera Shakeel Department of Histopathology Sindh Institute of Urology and TransplantationKarachi 74200SindhPakistan Department of Nephrology Sindh Institute of Urology and TransplantationKarachi 74200SindhPakistan Department of Pathology Montefiore Medical CenterThe University Hospital for Albert Einstein School of MedicineBronxNY 10461United States

Thrombotic microangiopathy(TMA)is an uncommon but serious complication that not only affects native kidneys but also transplanted *** review is specifically focused on post-transplant TMA(PT-TMA)involving kidney transplant *** reported prevalence in the latter population varies from 0.8%to 14%with adverse impacts on both graft and patient *** has many causes and associations,and the list of etiologic agents and associations is growing *** pathogenesis is equally varied and a variety of pathogenetic pathways lead to the development of microvascular injury as the final common ***-TMA is categorized in many ways in order to facilitate its ***,more than one causes are contributory in PT-TMA and it is often difficult to pinpoint one particular cause in an individual ***,the hallmark lesions are endothelial cell injury and intravascular thrombi affecting the *** diagnosis and classification of PT-TMA are imperative for optimal outcomes but are challenging for both clinicians and *** Banff classification has addressed this issue and has developed minimum diagnostic criteria for pathologic diagnosis of PT-TMA in the first *** of the condition is also challenging and still largely *** varies from simple maneuvers,such as plasmapheresis,drug withdrawal or modification,or dose reduction,to lifelong complement blockade,which is very expensive.A thorough understanding of the condition is imperative for an early diagnosis and quick treatment when the treatment is potentially *** review aims to increase the awareness of relevant stakeholders regarding this important,potentially treatable but under-recognized cause of kidney allograft dysfunction.

关键词： Thrombotic microangiopathy Microvascular injury Anemia Thrombocytopenia Kidney allograft failure

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Thermo-optic characterization of KDP single crystals by a modified Snarmont setup for electro-optic modulation system

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Chinese Optics Letters 2009年第7期7卷 632-639页

作者： H. L. Saadon M. A. rahma Ali F. Marhoon N. Thofanous M. Aillerie Department of Informatics and Telecommunications Optoelectronics Group University of AthensPanepistimiopolis Ilisia GR-157 84 Athens Greece Department of Physics College of Science University of BasrahBasrah Iraq Laboratoire Matriaux Optiques Photonique et Systmes UMR CNRS 7132 Universit de Metz et Suplec2 rue E. Belin 57070 Metz France

For our KDP crystal orientation, various tbermo-optic （TO） and relevant temperature-dependence param- eters are defined, presented, and studied in the framework of a transverse and a longitudinal electro-optic （EO） modulation systems. This study is based on the concept of the so-called opto-electrical bias （~） ap- plied to the system. For both of the above EO-modulation systems, a set of original equations is extracted and investigated with regard to each of the more important TO or temperature coefficients. Using these equations, for these parameters the role of the transverse configuration is examined in comparison with its corresponding longitudinal configuration. A comparison is done with other orientation of the same KDP crystal.

关键词： narmont setup for electro-optic modulation system Thermo-optic characterization of KDP single crystals by a modified S KDP

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The correlation of spot urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio with 24-h urinary protein excretion in various glomerulopathies

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World Journal of Nephrology 2023年第5期12卷 159-167页

作者： Amber Raza Syed Haider Nawaz rahma Rashid Ejaz Ahmed Muhammed Mubarak Department of Nephrology Sindh Institute of Urology and TransplantationSindhKarachi 74200Pakistan Department of Pathology Sindh Institute of Urology and TransplantationSindhKarachi 74200Pakistan

BACKGROUND Proteinuria is an important and well-known biomarker of many forms of kidney *** quantitation is of particular importance in the diagnosis and management of glomerular *** quantification can be done by several *** these,the measurement of 24-h urinary protein excretion is the gold standard ***,it is cumbersome,time-consuming,and inconvenient for patients and is not completely *** alternative methods have been tested over time albeit with conflicting *** the latter,the measurement of urine protein-to-creatinine ratio(uPCR)in singlevoided urinary samples is widely *** majority of studies found a good correlation between uPCR in single urine samples with 24-h urinary protein estimation,whereas others did *** To investigate the correlation of spot uPCR with 24-h urinary protein estimation in patients suffering from different forms of glomerulopathies at a single largevolume nephrological center in *** This cross-sectional,observational study was conducted at the Department of Nephrology,Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation,Karachi,Pakistan from September 2017 to March *** newly presenting adult patients with proteinuria who were being investigated for suspected glomerulonephritis and persistent proteinuria with ages between 18 to 60 years were *** patients were given detailed advice regarding 24-h urine collection starting at 7:00 AM for total protein and creatinine excretion estimations.A spot urine sample was collected the next day at the time of submission of a 24-h urine sample for measuring uPCR along with a blood *** data of patients were collected in a *** version 20.0 was used for statistical *** A total of 157 patients were *** mean age was 30.45±12.11 *** were 94(59.8%)males and 63(40.2%)*** mean 24-h urinary protein excretion was 3192.78±1959.79 mg and the mean spot uPCR was 3.16±1.52 in al

关键词： Glomerulopathies 24-h proteinuria Spot urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio Correlation Proteinuria Agreement

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Maternal Fetal Conflict from Legal Point of View Comparing Health Law in the United States and Islamic Law

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2017年第8期7卷 791-799页

作者： rahma Aburas Mary Devereaux Master Program in Health Policy and Law Department of Anesthesiology School of Medicine University of California (San Diego) San Diego USA Rady Children’s Hospital San Diego USA Department of Pathology Faculty Affiliate Philosophy University of California San Diego USA

Objectives and Methodology: The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how maternal and fetal interests can sometimes be conflicting, and a situation can place care providers in a difficult position when it comes to decisionmaking. The study also intends to cover the health laws that deal with such situations in the legal systems of the United States and Islamic Law. This study takes the form of a critical literature review. The literature search was conducted using electronic citation databases that included Pub Med, Medline, Google Scholar, and others. The keywords used in this research related to medical and legal terms concerned with fetal rights, such as embryo, fetus, abortion, fetal rights, health law in the United States, Islamic health law, and comparative studies. The search was conducted in English as well as Arabic. Data were collected from books, journals, government documents, and Internet websites. Results: Doctors sometimes have to make difficult decisions when caring for pregnant women, since one person’s care directly affects another’s. The fetus depends fully on its mother for survival in the uterus. Nevertheless, at times it so happens that the interests of the mother and fetus differ. In such cases, a conflict between the two arises. Due to advances in technology in the medical field, doctors can now specifically target the fetus during medical procedures. When treating two different patients, health practitioners must choose that which is best for each patient independently. Approach to the maternal-fetal conflict must consider medical concerns, as well as legal ones. While there is some consistency in the medical approach between different countries, the legal part varies considerably, even among different states in America, as fetal legal status, personhood, and rights differ greatly. Islamic Law is practiced in many countries and has a special consideration for the fetus that is worth attention and understanding. Conclusion: Medically, when

关键词： Maternal-Fetal Conflict

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Factors Affecting Cotrimoxazole Prophylactic Therapy Compliance in HIV Patients Attending a Care and Treatment Clinic at Bugando Medical Centre in Mwanza, Tanzania

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2024年第2期14卷 456-468页

作者： Stanley Mwita Felix Tarimo rahma Mbalamla Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacy Practice Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences Mwanza Tanzania Department of Biochemistry Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences Mwanza Tanzania

Introduction: Cotrimoxazole Prophylactic Therapy (CPT) compliance lowers the risk of opportunistic infections and other Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)-related diseases. The aim of this study was to examine factors that influence compliance with CPT among HIV patients in the Care and Treatment Clinic (CTC) at Bugando Medical Centre (BMC) in Mwanza, Tanzania. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the BMC between April 1, 2021, and June 30, 2021. Data were collected using face-to-face interviews and a semi-structured questionnaire. Data are presented in frequency, percentages, and cross-tabulation tables. A P-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The prevalence of compliance with CPT by self-reported measurement was 158 (63.7%). Most CPT-compliant participants were more likely to have a spouse who is familiar with CPT, have a family member who is aware of their HIV status, and be aware of the benefits of CPT. The majority of participants who complied with CPT were more likely to have experienced counseling during refill, felt that the length of time spent seeing doctors for treatment was reasonable, and received accurate information from them. Conclusion: Most adult HIV patients attending CTC at BMC were reported to be in compliance with CPT. These findings suggest that improving social support and patient-provider communication may be effective strategies for improving compliance with CPT among HIV patients.

关键词： Factors Compliance Co-Trimoxazole Prophylactic Therapy HIV/AIDS Tanzania Bugando Medical Centre

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