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Roughness characterization and shearing dislocation failure for rock-backfill interface

International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第6期31卷 1167-1176页

作者： meifeng cai Zhilou Feng Qifeng Guo Xiong Yin Minghui Ma Xun Xi Key Laboratory of High-Efficient Mine and Safety of Metal Mines of Ministry of Education Beijing 100083China Key Laboratory of Urban and Underground Space Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Shandong Gold Group Co LtdJinan 250102China

Shearing dislocation is a common failure type for rock–backfill interfaces because of backfill sedimentation and rock strata movement in backfill mining goaf.This paper designed a test method for rock–backfill shearing dislocation.Using digital image techno-logy and three-dimensional(3D)laser morphology scanning techniques,a set of 3D models with rough joint surfaces was established.Further,the mechanical behavior of rock–backfill shearing dislocation was investigated using a direct shear test.The effects of interface roughness on the shear–displacement curve and failure characteristics of rock–backfill specimens were considered.The 3D fractal dimen-sion,profile line joint roughness coefficient(JRC),profile line two-dimensional fractal dimension,and the surface curvature of the frac-tures were obtained.The correlation characterization of surface roughness was then analyzed,and the shear strength could be measured and calculated using JRC.The results showed the following:there were three failure threshold value points in rock–backfill shearing dis-location:30%–50%displacement before the peak,70%–90%displacement before the peak,and 100%displacement before the peak to post-peak,which could be a sign for rock–backfill shearing dislocation failure.The surface JRC could be used to judge the rock–backfill shearing dislocation failure,including post-peak sliding,uniform variations,and gradient change,corresponding to rock–backfill disloca-tion failure on the field site.The research reveals the damage mechanism for rock–backfill complexes based on the free joint surface,fills the gap of existing shearing theoretical systems for isomerism complexes,and provides a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of possible disasters in backfill mining.

关键词： rock–backfill roughness correlation characterization shearing dislocation interface failure

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Technology strategies to achieve carbon peak and carbon neutrality for China's metal mines

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2022年第4期29卷 626-634页

作者： Qifeng Guo Xun Xi Shangtong Yang meifeng cai School of Civil and Resource Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of StrathclydeGlasgow G11XJUK

Greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions related to human activities have significantly caused climate change since the Industrial Revolution.China aims to achieve its carbon emission peak before 2030 and carbon neutrality before 2060.Accordingly,this paper reviews and discusses technical strategies to achieve the“dual carbon”targets in China’s metal mines.First,global carbon emissions and emission intensities from metal mining industries are analyzed.The metal mining status and carbon emissions in China are then examined.Furthermore,advanced technologies for carbon mitigation and carbon sequestration in metal mines are reviewed.Finally,a technical roadmap for achieving carbon neutrality in China’s metal mines is proposed.Findings show that some international mining giants have already achieved their carbon reduction targets and planned to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050.Moreover,improving mining efficiency by developing advanced technologies and replacing fossil fuel with renewable energy are two key approaches in reducing GHG emissions.Green mines can significantly benefit from the carbon neutrality process for metal mines through the carbon absorption of reclamation vegetations.Geothermal energy extraction from operating and abandoned metal mines is a promising technology for providing clean energy and contributing to the carbon neutrality target of China’s metal mines.Carbon sequestration in mine backfills and tailings through mineral carbonation has the potential to permanently and safely store carbon dioxide,which can eventually make the metal mining industry carbon neutral or even carbon negative.

关键词： carbon emissions carbon neutrality China’s metal mines deep mining mining efficiency

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Interaction between in situ stress states and tectonic faults:A comment

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2023年第7期30卷 1227-1243页

作者： Peng Li meifeng cai Mostafa Gorjian Fenhua Ren Xun Xi Peitao Wang Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Underground Space Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Key Laboratory of High-Efficient Mining and Safety of Metal Mines(Ministry of Education of China) University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Geological Engineering Department of EarthOcean and Atmospheric SciencesUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada

Understanding the in situ stress state is crucial in many engineering problems and earth science research.The present article presents new insights into the interaction mechanism between the stress state and faults.In situ stresses can be influenced by various factors,one of the most important being the existence of faults.A fault could significantly affect the value and direction of the stress components.Reorientation and magnitude changes in stresses exist adjacent to faults and stress jumps/discontinuities across the fault.By contrast,the change in the stress state may lead to the transformation of faulting type and potential fault reactivation.Qualitative fault reactivation assessment using characteristic parameters under the current stress environment provides a method to assess the slip tendency of faults.The correlation between in situ stresses and fault properties enhances the ability to predict the fault slip tendency via stress measurements,which can be used to further refine the assessment of the fault reactivation risk.In the future,stress measurements at greater depths and long-term continuous real-time stress monitoring near/on key parts of faults will be essential.In addition,much attention needs to be paid to distinguishing the genetic mechanisms of abnormal stress states and the type and scale of stress variations and exploring the mechanisms of pre-faulting anomaly and fault reactivation.

关键词： in situ stress state stress variation fault reactivation fault properties interaction mechanism

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Sulfate diffusion in coal pillar:experimental data and prediction model

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2023年第2期10卷 117-128页

作者： Min Wang Xun Xi Qifeng Guo Jiliang Pan meifeng cai Shangtong Yang School of Resource Environment and Safety Engineering University of South ChinaHengyang 421001China School of Civil and Resource Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China State Key Laboratory of Water Resource Protection and Utilization in Coal Mining China Energy InvestmentBeijing 100000China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of StrathclydeGlasgow G11XJUK

The stability of coal pillar dams is crucial for the long-term service of underground reservoirs storing water or heat.Chemi-cal damage of coal dams induced by ions-atttacking in coal is one of the main reasons for the premature failure of coal dams.However,the diffusion process of harmful ions in coal is far from clear,limiting the reliability and durability of coal dam designs.This paper investigates sulfate diffusion in coal pillar through experimental and analytical methods.Coal specimens are prepared and exposed to sulfate solutions with different concentrations.The sulfate concentrations at different locations and time are measured.Based on experimental data and Fick's law,the time-dependent surface concentration of sulfate and diffusion coefficient are determined and formulated.Further,an analytical model for predicting sulfate diffusion in coal pillar is developed by considering dual time-dependent characteristics and Laplace transformations.Through comparisons with experimental data,the accuracy of the analytical model for predicting sulfate diffusion is verified.Further,sulfate diffusions in coal dams for different concentrations of sulfate in mine water are investigated.It has been found that the sulfate concen-tration of exposure surface and diffusion coefficient in coal are both time-dependent and increase with time.Conventional Fick's law is not able to predict the sulfate diffusion in coal pillar due to the dual time-dependent characteristics.The sulfate attacking makes the coal dam a typical heterogeneous gradient structure.For sulfate concentrations 0.01-0.20 mol/L in mine water,it takes almost 1.5 and 4 years for sulfate ions to diffuse 9.46 and 18.92 m,respectively.The experimental data and developed model provide a practical method for predicting sulfate diffusion in coal pillar,which helps the service life design of coal dams.

关键词： Sulfate diffusion Coal dam-Underground reservoirs Time-dependent Analytical model Chemical damage

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Development of an improved three-dimensional rough discrete fracture network model:Method and application

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2023年第12期33卷 1469-1485页

作者： Peitao Wang Chi Ma Bo Zhang Qi Gou Wenhui Tan meifeng cai Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Efficient Mining and Safety of Metal Mine University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China State Key Laboratory of Water Resource Protection and Utilization in Coal Mining CHN Energy Shendong Coal Group Co.Ltd.Beijing 102201China School of Civil and Resources Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

Structure plane is one of the important factors affecting the stability and failure mode of rock mass engineering.Rock mass structure characterization is the basic work of rock mechanics research and the important content of numerical simulation.A new 3-dimensional rough discrete fracture network(RDFN3D)model and its modeling method based on the Weierstrass-Mandelbrot(W-M)function were presented in this paper.The RDFN3D model,which improves and unifies the modelling methods for the complex structural planes,has been realized.The influence of fractal dimension,amplitude,and surface precision on the modeling parameters of RDFN3D was discussed.The reasonable W-M parameters suitable for the roughness coefficient of JRC were proposed,and the relationship between the mathematical model and the joint characterization was established.The RDFN3D together with the smooth 3-dimensional discrete fracture network(DFN3D)models were successfully exported to the drawing exchange format,which will provide a wide application in numerous numerical simulation codes including both the continuous and discontinuous methods.The numerical models were discussed using the COMSOL Multiphysics code and the 3-dimensional particle flow code,respectively.The reliability of the RDFN3D model was preliminarily discussed and analyzed.The roughness and spatial connectivity of the fracture networks have a dominant effect on the fluid flow patterns.The research results can provide a new geological model and analysis model for numerical simulation and engineering analysis of jointed rock mass.

关键词： Jointed rock mass Discrete fracture network Roughness Weierstrass-Mandelbrot function 3D modeling Rock mechanics

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Evaluation on Stability of Stope Structure Based on Nonlinear Dynamics of Coupling Artificial Neural Network

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Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing 2002年第1期9卷 1-4页

作者： meifeng cai Xingping Lai Civil and Environmental Engineering School University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijjing 100083China Xi'an Science and Technology University Shanxi Strata Control Key LaboratoryXi'an 710054China

The nonlinear dynamical behaviors of artificial network (ANN) and their application to science and engineering were summarized. The mechanism of two kinds of dynamical processes, i.e. weight dynamics and activation dynamics in neural networks, and the stability of computing in structural analysis and design were stated briefly. It was successfully applied to nonlinear neural network to evaluate the stability of underground stope structure in a gold mine. With the application of BP network, it is proven that the neuro-computing is a practical and advanced tool for solving large-scale underground rock engineering problems.

关键词： coupling neural network nonlinear dynamics structural stability stope parameters

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Prediction and prevention of rockburst in metal mines--A case study of Sanshandao gold mine

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2016年第2期8卷 204-211页

作者： meifeng cai school of civil and environmental engineering university of science and technology beijingBeijing 100083China state key laboratory of high-efficient mining and safety of metal mine(university of science and technology beijing) ministry of educationBeijing 100083China

Rockburst is a kind of artificial earthquake induced by human activities,such as mining excavations.The mechanism of rockburst induced by mining disturbance is revealed in terms of energy in this context.For understanding the rockburst mechanism,two necessary conditions for the occurrence of rockburst are presented:(1)the rock mass has the capability to store huge amount of energy and possesses a strong bumping-prone characteristic when damaged;and(2)the geological conditions in the mining area have favorable geo-stress environments that can form high-stress concentration area and accumulate huge energy.These two conditions are also the basic criteria for prediction of rockburst.In view of energy analysis,it is observed that artificial and natural earthquakes have similar regularities in many aspects,such as the relationship between the energy value and burst magnitude.By using the relationship between energy and magnitude of natural earthquake,rockburst is predicted by disturbance energy analysis.A practical example is illustrated using the above-mentioned theorem and technique to predict rockburst in a gold mine in China.Finally,the prevention and control techniques of rockburst are also provided based on the knowledge of the rockburst mechanism.

关键词： Rockburst mechanism Metal mines Prediction and prevention Energy-based analysis Mining disturbance energy

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New development of hydraulic fracturing technique for in-situ stress measurement at great depth of mines

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Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing 2008年第6期15卷 665-670页

作者： meifeng cai Hua Peng Hongguang Ji School of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China Research Institute of Geomechanics Beijing 100080 China

In-situ stress measurement using the hydraulic fracturing technique was made at Wanfu Coal Mine in Shandong Province, China. To solve problems caused by great measuring depth and extra thick overburden soil layers in the mine, a series of improved techniques were developed for the traditional hydraulic fracturing technique and equipment to increase their pressure-enduring ability and to ensure safe and flexible removal of the sealing packers with other experimental apparatus. Successful in-situ stress measurement at 37 points within 7 boreholes, which were mostly over 1000 m deep, was completed. Through the measurement, detailed information of in-situ stress state has been provided for mining design of the mine. The improved hydraulic fracturing technique and equipment also provide reliable tools for in-situ stress measurement at great depth of other mines.

关键词： hydraulic fracturing in-situ stress measurement coal mine measuring depth

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Statically accelerated experimental simulation on the deterioration of dynamic strength of rock

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Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing 2005年第4期12卷 298-302页

作者： Zhuoying Tan meifeng cai Xingguang Zhao Civil and Environmental Engineering School University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China State Key Laboratory for High-Efficient Mining and Safety of Metal Mines （University of Science and Technology Beijing） Ministry of Education Beijing 100083 China School of Resource and Environment Guangxi University Nanning 530004 China

In order to reveal the strength deterioration law of rock mass under an acidified environment, a series of experiments on strength deterioration and the environmental effect on marble and diabase under the conditions of three kinds of acids （H2SO4, HNO3 and HC1） with three contents （1.0%, 5.0% and 10.0%） in a static fluid surrounding were carried out by single factor simulation. After the stones had been saturated in the above solutions for 90 days, an indoor weathering simulation had been observed for 300 days and its strength characteristics were measured under static/dynamic load and that results were compared with those under the natural condition. It is evident that the strength is emaciated greatly after the stones eroded by the liquids, whether under the static or dynamic load.

关键词： environmental acidification rock strength marble diabase

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Dynamic destabilization analysis based on AE experiment of deep-seated,steep-inclined and extra-thick coal seam

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Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing 2008年第3期15卷 215-219页

作者： Fenhua Ren Xmgpmg Lai meifeng cai School of Civil and Environment Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China School of Energy and Resource Xi＇an University of Science and Technology Xi＇an 710054 China

No. 5 coal seam in Huating Coal Mine is a deep-seated, steep-inclined extra-thick coal seam where excavation disturbance is quite frequent. The maximum and minimum principal stresses differ widely. During mining, dynamical destabilization happens frequently and induce tragedies. Based on the comparison between the acoustic emission （AE） experiment on dynamical destabilization of coal rock and the related in situ testing results, this article provides comprehensive analysis on the regular quantificational AE patterns （energy rate, total events） of coal rock destabilization in complex-variable environment. The comparison parameters include dynamic tension energy rate, deformation resistance to compression, and shear stress.

关键词： coal seam acoustic emission （AE） destabilization excavation disturbance

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