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Surface air temperature changes over the Tibetan Plateau:Historical evaluation and future projection based on CMIP6 models

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Geoscience Frontiers 2022年第6期13卷 138-152页

作者： Rui Chen Haoying Li Xuejia Wang Xiaohua Gou meixue yang Guoning Wan Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research Potsdam 14473Germany Geography Department Humboldt University of BerlinBerlin 10099Germany IRI THESys Humboldt University of BerlinBerlin 10099Germany Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems(Ministry of Education) College of Earth and Environmental SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Gansu Liancheng Forest Ecosystem Field Observation and Research Station Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730333China State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China

With its amplification simultaneously emerging in cryospheric regions,especially in the Tibetan Plateau,global warming is undoubtedly occurring.In this study,we utilized 28 global climate models to assess model performance regarding surface air temperature over the Tibetan Plateau from 1961 to 2014,reported spatiotemporal variability in surface air temperature in the future under four scenarios(SSP1-2.6,SSP2-4.5,SSP3-7.0,and SSP5-8.5),and further quantified the timing of warming levels(1.5,2,and 3℃)in the region.The results show that the multimodel ensemble means depicted the spatiotemporal patterns of surface air temperature for the past decades well,although with differences across individual models.The projected surface air temperature,by 2099,would warm by 1.9,3.2,5.2,and 6.3℃relative to the reference period(1981–2010),with increasing rates of 0.11,0.31,0.53,and 0.70℃/decade under the SSP1-2.6,SSP2-4.5,SSP3-7.0,and SSP5-8.5 scenarios for the period 2015–2099,respectively.Compared with the preindustrial periods(1850–1900),the mean annual surface air temperature over the Tibetan Plateau has hit the 1.5℃threshold and will break 2℃in the next decade,but there is still a chance to limit the temperature below 3℃in this century.Our study provides a new understanding of climate warming in high mountain areas and implies the urgent need to achieve carbon neutrality.

关键词： Surface air temperature CMIP6 Historical evaluation Future projection Tibetan Plateau

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Ground temperature variation and its response to climate change on the northern Tibetan Plateau

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2021年第4期13卷 299-313页

作者： GuoNing Wan meixue yang XueJia Wang Yulong Snow Mountain National Field Observation and Research Station for Cryosphere and Sustainable Development State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric ScienceNorthwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouGansu 730000China

Ground temperature plays a significant role in the interaction between the land surface and atmosphere on the Tibetan Plateau(TP).Under the background of temperature warming,the TP has witnessed an accelerated warming trend in frozen ground temperature,an increasing active layer thickness,and the melting of underground ice.Based on high-resolution ground temperature data observed from 1997 to 2012 on the northern TP,the trend of ground temperature at each observation site and its response to climate change were analyzed.The results showed that while the ground temperature at different soil depths showed a strong warming trend over the observation period,the warming in winter is more significant than that in summer.The warming rate of daily minimum ground temperature was greater than that of daily maximum ground temperature at the TTH and MS3608 sites.During the study period,thawing occurred earlier,whereas freezing happened later,resulting in shortened freezing season and a thinner frozen layer at the BJ site.And a zero-curtain effect develops when the soil begins to thaw or freeze in spring and autumn.From 1997 to 2012,the average summer air temperature and precipitation in summer and winter from six meteorological stations along the Qinghai-Tibet highway also demonstrated an increasing trend,with a more significant temperature increase in winter than in summer.The ground temperature showed an obvious response to air temperature warming,but the trend varied significantly with soil depths due to soil heterogeneity.

关键词： ground temperature soil freezing-thawing processes the Tibetan Plateau climate change

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Review on simulation of land-surface processes on the Tibetan Plateau

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2019年第2期11卷 93-115页

作者： Rui Chen meixue yang XueJia Wang GuoNing Wan State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

The Tibetan Plateau(TP) has powerful dynamics and thermal effects, which makes the interaction between its land and atmosphere significantly affect climate and environment in the regional or global area. By retrospecting the latest research progress in the simulation of land-surface processes(LSPs) over the past 20 years, this study discusses both the simulation ability of land-surface models(LSMs) and the modification of parameterization schemes from two perspectives, the models' applicability and improved parameterization schemes. Our review suggests that different LSMs can well capture the spatiotemporal variations of the physical quantities of LSPs; but none of them can be fully applied to the plateau, meaning that all need to be revised according to the characteristics specific to the TP. Avoiding the unstable iterative computation and determining the freeze-thaw critical temperature according to the thermodynamic equilibrium equation, the unreasonable freeze-thaw parameterization scheme can be improved. Due to the complex underlying surface of the TP, no parameterization scheme of roughness length can well simulate the various characteristics of the turbulent flux over the TP at different temporal scales. The uniform soil thermodynamic and hydraulic parameterization scheme is unreasonable when it is applied to the plateau, as a result of the strong soil heterogeneity. There is little research on the snow-cover process so far,and the improved scheme has no advantage over the original one due to the lack of some related physical processes. The constant interaction among subprocesses of LSPs makes the improvement of a multiparameterization scheme yield better simulation results. According to the review of existing research, adding high-quality observation stations, developing a parameterization scheme suitable for the special LSPs of the TP, and adjusting the model structures can be helpful to the simulation of LSPs on the TP.

关键词： Tibetan Plateau land - atmosphere interaction land-surface models model applicability parameterized modification

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辣椒专用有机无机复混肥应用效果

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辣椒杂志 2024年第1期22卷 22-25页

作者：阳美雪刘苗黄丽榕易百科江涛湖南金叶众望科技股份有限公司湖南临湘414300

采用田间小区试验进行肥效对比,探究辣椒专用有机无机复混肥对辣椒产量、品质和抗病性的影响。结果发现:施用辣椒专用有机无机复混肥(T1)能有效提高辣椒产量,折合产量达33995 kg/hm^(2),比常规施肥(T2)和不施肥(CK)分别增产率为26.35%、... 详细信息

采用田间小区试验进行肥效对比,探究辣椒专用有机无机复混肥对辣椒产量、品质和抗病性的影响。结果发现:施用辣椒专用有机无机复混肥(T1)能有效提高辣椒产量,折合产量达33995 kg/hm^(2),比常规施肥(T2)和不施肥(CK)分别增产率为26.35%、41.41%;T1处理盛果期的植株生长趋势稳定,株高较T2和CK分别显著增长4.51%、12.86%,主茎直径分别增加10.64%、25.16%,开展度分别增长5.42%、16.40%;T1处理的辣椒果实在果长、果径、单果质量和单株挂果数中为最佳,且能有效提高果实感观品质;同时能有效降低辣椒病虫害发生率,病株率比T2和CK分别降低16.48%、47.19%,虫害率降低12.53%、34.19%。研究表明,施用辣椒专用有机无机复混肥能有效增产增收。

关键词：辣椒有机无机复混肥效果产量

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不同种类肥料对水稻产量和经济效益的影响

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现代农业科技 2024年第12期 1-2,9页

作者：江涛刘苗谭美阳美雪刘其酉易百科湖南金叶众望科技股份有限公司湖南临湘414300

为探寻出适宜水稻种植的肥料种类,本研究以水稻品种H优7601为试验材料,探讨不同种类肥料对水稻生育期、农艺性状、产量和经济效益的影响。结果表明:掺混肥、有机无机复混肥和复合肥均能够延长水稻生育期,改善水稻农艺性状,提高水稻产量... 详细信息

为探寻出适宜水稻种植的肥料种类,本研究以水稻品种H优7601为试验材料,探讨不同种类肥料对水稻生育期、农艺性状、产量和经济效益的影响。结果表明:掺混肥、有机无机复混肥和复合肥均能够延长水稻生育期,改善水稻农艺性状,提高水稻产量。其中:掺混肥效果最佳,水稻产量达到7720.8kg/hm^(2),居第一位,较空白对照增产29.6%,较常规施肥处理增产9.5%;净效益达到1607.37元/hm^(2),可在水稻生产上大面积推广应用。

关键词：水稻肥料种类农艺性状产量经济效益

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Variations in Soil Temperature at BJ Site on the Central Tibetan Plateau

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Journal of Mountain Science 2012年第2期9卷 274-285页

作者： WAN Guoning yang meixue WANG Xuejia State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

The temporal and spatial variation in soil temperature play a significant role in energy and water cycle between land surface and atmosphere on the Tibetan Plateau.Based on the observed soil temperature data(hourly data from 1 January 2001 to 31 December 2005)obtained by GAME-Tibet,the diurnal,seasonal and interannual variations in soil temperature at BJ site(31.37°N,91.90°E;4509 m a.s.l.)near Naqu in the central Tibetan Plateau were analyzed.Results showed that the average diurnal variation in soil temperature at 4 and 20 cm depth can be described as sinusoidal curve,which is consistent with the variation of solar radiation. However,the average diurnal variation in soil temperature under 60 cm was very weak.The average diurnal amplitude in soil temperature decreased by the exponential decay function with the increase of soil depth(R2=0.92,p<0.01).It is demonstrated that the average diurnal maximum soil temperature decreased by the exponential decay function with the increase of soil depth(R2=0.78,p<0.01).In contrast, the average diurnal minimum soil temperature increased by the exponential grow function with increasing of soil depth(R2=0.86,p<0.01).There were a linear negative correlation between the average annual maximum Ts and soil depth(R2=0.96, p<0.01),a logarithmic function relationship between the average annual minimum soil temperature and soil depth(R2=0.92,p<0.01).The average seasonal amplitude in soil temperature followed the exponential decay function with the increase of soil depth(R2=0.98,p<0.01).The mean annual soil temperature in each layer indicated a warming trend prominently.During the study period,the mean annual soil temperature at 4,20,40,60,80,100,130, 160,200 and 250 cm depth increased by 0.034,0.041, 0.061,0.056,0.062,0.050,0.057,0.051,0.047 and 0.042°C/a,respectively.

关键词：青藏高原中部土壤温度网站北京土壤深度衰减函数日平均温度上升

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长期海洋性冰川与环境监测研究支撑区域可持续发展

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中国科学院院刊 2024年第3期39卷 572-578页

作者：王世金康世昌陈拓何元庆杨梅学李全莲牛贺文蒲焘张昺林车彦军郭万钦燕兴国马兴刚王荣军中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院冰冻圈科学与冻土工程重点实验室兰州730000 中国科学院玉龙雪山冰冻圈与可持续发展野外科学观测研究站丽江674100 米堆冰川-光谢错冰湖灾害西藏自治区野外科学观测研究站林芝860000

经过20年的发展,中国科学院玉龙雪山冰冻圈与可持续发展野外科学观测研究站已建成集观测、研究、示范与服务于一体的海洋性冰川与环境野外综合观测体系与数据在线可视化平台。该平台以海洋性冰川与环境长期定位监测为基础,围绕海洋性冰... 详细信息

经过20年的发展,中国科学院玉龙雪山冰冻圈与可持续发展野外科学观测研究站已建成集观测、研究、示范与服务于一体的海洋性冰川与环境野外综合观测体系与数据在线可视化平台。该平台以海洋性冰川与环境长期定位监测为基础,围绕海洋性冰川区可持续发展关键科学问题,深入分析了海洋性冰川变化的过程机理,揭示了海洋性冰川变化的水文、微生物、气候效应,评估了海洋性冰川旅游服务成效与冰湖溃决灾害综合风险,研究成果为区域可持续发展提供了科技支撑。

关键词：长期定位监测海洋性冰川与环境区域可持续发展冰冻圈科学

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A 457-year reconstruction of precipitation in the southeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,China using tree-ring records

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2013年第10期58卷 1107-1114页

作者： GOU XiaoHua yang Tao GAO LinLin DENG yang yang meixue CHEN FaHu Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems(Ministry of Education) and Research School of Arid Environment and Climate Change Lanzhou University State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research InstituteChinese Academy of Sciences

This paper presents a 457-year reconstruction of precipitation in the southeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau using tree-ring records.Tree-ring samples were collected from the Hengduan Mountains in the southeastern part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,China.A nearly 500-year chronology was developed using tree-ring width records.Correlation analysis shows moisture is the main factor limiting tree growth in this region.Ring-widths were significantly positively correlated with the Palmer Drought Severity Index(PDSI) and precipitation in many months.The highest correlation coefficient was found between the annual growth of trees and precipitation from the previous September to the current June(0.738).Based on this relationship,we reconstructed the precipitation history from 1509 to 2006.The reconstruction explains 54.4%(Radj2=53.5%,N=49,F=56.12) of the actual precipitation variation during the calibration period(1958-2006).During the reliable period of the reconstruction(1549-2006),some low-frequency climate signals are included,indicating this region has been getting wetter in the last 20 years.The reconstruction documents six apparently dry and five pluvial periods and the 17th century dry period lasted longer than any other.When compared with other recent studies,this study and these earlier reconstructions show a similar trend in the variation of drought and pluvial.Further spatial correlation analysis confirms that the reconstructed precipitation adequately represents the rainfall history of the entire Hengduan Mountain area.The Multi-taper method,a type of spectral analysis,reveals that precipitation in this area had significant(P<0.01) spectral peaks at 3-5 a,60 a and 79-85 a.

关键词：青藏高原东南部降水重建树木年轮中国降水量变化树轮宽度干旱指数相关性分析

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A Comparative Study on Factors Influencing Food Security in China and India

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Asian Agricultural Research 2024年第2期16卷 12-15页

作者： Shaowen yang meixue QIU School of Business Lingnan Normal UniversityZhanjiang 524048China

This paper analyzes and compares the key factors influencing food security in two populous countries(China and India),and cate-gorizes them into three types:agricultural production,economic development and income level,and income distribution.Using the prevalence of undernourishment as an indicator of food security,the paper empirically tests the degree of impact of various factors on food security in both countries using Tobit regression and Newey regression methods.The study finds that improving the level of economic development can significantly enhance food security in both countriesꎻreducing the Gini coefficient has a significant impact on India,but not on Chinaꎻincreasing the agricultural production per capita has a much greater effect on China than on India.Therefore,both countries should take measures that are both similar and different according to their national conditions to improve their food security level.

关键词： Food security Influencing factors Comparative study Econometric model

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Tree ring based streamflow reconstruction for the Upper Yellow River over the past 1234 years

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2010年第36期55卷 4179-4186页

作者： GOU XiaoHua DENG yang CHEN FaHu yang meixue FANG KeYan GAO LinLin yang Tao ZHANG Fen Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (MOE) Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China

We established a Juniperus przewalski tree ring width chronology, based on tree ring cores collected from the A’nyêmaqên Mountains. Statistical analysis showed that the chronology was highly correlated with instrumental streamflow records from previous August to current July from the Tangnaihai Station in the upper reaches of the Yellow River, with a correlation coefficient of 0.656. Streamflow for the upper reaches of the Yellow River was reconstructed for the past 1234 years. Low flow periods for the 11-year averaged streamflow reconstruction were definite as lower than mean plus 1 standard deviation, and high flow periods were higher than mean minus 1 standard deviation. Over the past 1234 years, high flows occurred 18 times, and low flows occurred 12 times. The main low flow periods were identified as AD 1140–1156, AD 1295–1309, AD 1473–1500, and AD 1820–1847, and the main high flow periods were identified as AD 846–873, and AD 1375–1400. Extremely low streamflow over the reconstruction period was seen during the late 15th century, coinciding with a widespread drought phenomenon, which took place in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau over the same period. Reconstructed streamflow shows significant low-frequency variability, which is in line with drought variability of neighboring regions, as inferred from tree rings and other proxies. Multi-taper spectral analysis suggests the existence of significant periods of 2–5, 22, 35–38, 55–62, and 114–227 years, particularly significant for cyclic variations of years 159 and 36.

关键词：黄河上游径流量树木年轮干旱现象阿尼玛卿山低流量年轮宽度普氏原羚

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