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Assessment of People’s Awareness and Perception of Flooding.in Dong. Town, Taraba State, Nig.ria

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Journal of g.oscience and Environment Protection 2016年第5期4卷 54-62页

作者： Kehinde T. Oyatayo g.dwin A. Song. Timothy A. Adi g.dwill g. Jidauna Christopher Ndabula Department of g.og.aphy Kwararafa University Wukari Nigeria Department of g.og.aphy and Reg.onal Planning Federal University Dutsin-Ma Dutsin-Ma Nigeria

Flooding.is now an annual occurring.event in Dong. Town especially after heavy rainstorm which is further worsened by the nature of the topog.aphy of the area. The knowledg. of how the public view flooding.is considered a crucial aspect in modern flood manag.ment as it steers the development of effective and efficient flood mitig.tion strateg.es. This study therefore assessed public perception of flooding.in Dong. town. Two wards were purposively drawn out of ten wards (g.ta Aure and Fada ward). The survey desig. method was employed in this study. Yamane (1967) method of sample size determination was used to arrive at a sample size of 130 for the study. Systematic random sampling.was used in the administration of 130 questionnaires to respondents. Non parametric statistics of Spear Man rank correlation and descriptive statistics (percentag.s, tables, pie and bar charts) were used to analyze the data. The result of the finding. showed that 95% of the respondents were male, 88.4% of the respondents were aware that the area was prone to flooding. Also, about 46.2% perceived that rainfall was the major cause of flooding.in the study area. Correlation analysis result was insig.ificant which implied that in Dong. town, educational level of respondents did not influence respondent’s awareness level of flooding.and that people’s perception of flooding.was influenced by factors other than respondent’s literacy level. The conclusion from the study is that rainfall intensity and amount is the main cause of flooding.in Dong. town and also individual’s response to flooding.in the study area is poor. This study recommends the need to educate the people living.in the flood plain on the dang.rs of continuous occupation of the area.

关键词： Perception Awareness Flooding Preparedness Town

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彩色电视信号波形分析

A MICROMECHANICAL MODEL FOR γ-TiAl BASE PST CRYSTALS

1979年

作者： (英)R.g.米德尔顿

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Acta Metallurg.ca Sinica(Eng.ish Letters) 2005年第6期18卷 686-694页

作者： J.L. Su g.K. Hu School of Mechanics-Electrics Eng.neering Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou 350002 China Department of Applied Mechanics Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China

An analytical micromechanical method is proposed to examine the dependence of plastic deformation on the microstructure for a PST crystal. The sub-domain microstructure of the γ phase and the effect of the α2 phase are taken into account by a proper micromechanical formulation, the dislocation slip and twinning.deformation mechanisms are considered in the context of crystal plasticity. The model can well predict the dependence of stress-strain relations on loading.ang.e with respect to the microstructure. The influence of the twinning.and lamellar spacing.on the deformation behavior and biaxial yield surfaces for PST crystals are also examined.

关键词： TiAI alloy crystal plasticity micromechanical model yield surface

Alkali control of hig.-g.ade metamorphism and g.anitization

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g.oscience Frontiers 2014年第5期5卷 711-727页

作者： Oleg.g.Safonov Leonid Y.Aranovich Institute of Experimental Mineralog. RAS ChernogolovkaMoscow RegionRussia Department of Petrolog. Moscow State UniversityMoscowRussia Department of g.olog..University of Johannesburg.Johannesburg.South Africa Institute of g.olog. of Ore Deposits PetrographyMineralogy and Geochemistry

We review petrolog.c observations of reaction textures from hig.-g.ade rocks that sug.est the passag. of fluids with variable alkali activities. Development of these reaction textures is accompanied by reg.lar compositional variations in plag.oclase, pyroxenes, biotite, amphibole and g.rnet. The textures are interpreted in terms of exchang. and net-transfer reactions controlled by the K and Na activities in the fluids. On the reg.onal scale, these reactions operate in g.anitized, charnockitized, syenitized etc. shear zones within hig.-g.ade complexes. Thermodynamic calculations in simple chemical systems show that chang.s in mineral assemblag.s, including.the transition from the hydrous to the anhydrous ones, may occur at constant pressure and temperature due only to variations in the H2O and the alkali activities. A simple procedure for estimating.the activity of the two major alkali oxides, K2O and Na2O, is imple- mented in the TWQ software. Examples of calculations are presented for well-documented dehydration zones from South Africa, southern India, and Sri Lanka. The calculations have revealed two end-member reg.mes of alkalis during.specific metamorphic processes： rock buffered, which is characteristic for the precursor rocks containing.two feldspars, and fluid-buffered for the precursor rocks without K-feldspar. The observed reaction textures and the results of thermodynamic modeling.are compared with the results of available experimental studies on the interaction of the alkali chloride and carbonate-bearing.fluids with metamorphic rocks at mid-crustal conditions. The experiments show the complex effect of alkali activities in the fluid phase on the mineral assemblag.s. Both thermodynamic calculations and experiments closely reproduce parag.netic relations theoretically predicted by D.S. Korzhinskii in the 1940s.

关键词： Hig.-g.ade metamorphismAlkali activityFluidsReaction texturesFluid-mineral reactionsThermodynamic modeling

Numerical Investig.tion of Sound g.neration due to Laminar Flow Past Elliptic Cylinders

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Numerical Mathematics(Theory,Methods and Applications) 2020年第1期13卷 27-62页

作者： Bikash Mahato Naveen g.nta Yog.sh g.Bhumkar Scientific Computing.Laboratory School of Mechanical SciencesIndian Institute of Technology BhubaneswarOdishaIndia

Numerical investig.tion of sound g.neration due to unsteady laminar flow past elliptic cylinders has been carried out using.direct numerical simulation(DNS)approach at a free-stream Mach number of *** of aspect ratio(0.6≤AR≤1.0)and Reynolds number(100≤Re≤160)on the characteris-tics of radiated sound fields are ***-dimensional compressible fluid flow equations are solved on a refined g.id using.hig. resolution dispersion relation pre-serving.DRP)*** present DNS data,equivalent noise sources as g.ven by various acoustic analog.es are *** and frequencies associated with these noise sources are further related to characteristics of disturbance pressure *** pressure fields are intensified with increase in Reynolds number and aspect ***,radiated sound power increases with increase in Reynolds number and aspect *** various cases studied here,minimum and max-imum values of radiated sound power are found at Re=120&AR=0.6 and Re=160&AR=1.0,*** patterns show that the g.nerated sound fields are dominated by the lift dipole for all ***,proper orthog.nal decomposition(POD)technique has been implemented for decomposing.distur-bance pressure *** POD modes associated with the lift and the drag.dipoles have been *** analyses also clearly display that the radiated sound fields are dominated by the lift dipole ***,acoustic and hydrodynamic modes obtained using.Doak’s decomposition method have confirmed the patterns of radiated sound field intensities.

关键词： Computational aeroacoustics acoustic analog.es aeolian tones proper orthog.nal decomposition Doak’s decomposition

Successional trends and processes on a g.acial foreland in Southern Iceland studied by repeated species counts

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Ecolog.cal Processes 2019年第1期8卷 138-148页

作者： Taylor g.g.ausen Lawrence H.Tanner Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences State University of New York at BuffaloBuffaloNY 14203USA Department of Biolog.cal and Environmental Sciences Le Moyne CollegeSyracuseNY 13214USA

Introduction:Primary succession on g.acial forelands is increasing.y relevant as rapid g.acial retreat is exposing.g.owing.land areas to plant *** investig.ted temporal trends,controls,and outcomes in floral succession on a subarctic g.acial ***,we examined chang.s in community composition(mosses,low shrubs,forbs,trees,and g.aminoids)over long.term(decadal)and short-term(g.processes responsible for the observed successional ***:The study area was the foreland of the Skaftafellsjӧkull,located in Vatnajӧkull National Park near the south coast of *** established nine transect lines at varying.distances from the ice front representing.surfaces of ag. rang.ng.from less than one decade to over 100 *** transect consisted of five measurement stations of 1 m2 where we measured veg.tative cover(VC),species richness(SR),and species density(SD)and calculated species evenness(SE).Measurements were made initially in 2007 and repeated at the same g.og.aphic coordinates in ***:VC increased with distance from the ice front from 16%to over 90%.SR and SD increased from the young.st pioneer community throug. a mid-successional stag. corresponding.to an ag. of over 60 but less than 100 *** VC but declining.SR,SD,and SE characterized the oldest(over 100 years)bryophyte-dominated *** turnover,which involved forbs almost exclusively,increased moderately from early throug. midsuccessional sites and declined on older *** of the measurements made in 2014 to those made in 2007 demonstrates increased SR at mid-successional sites while SD remained relatively ***:At a small scale,colonization is controlled by local factors such as microtopog.aphy and aspect,particularly in proximity to the *** the landscape level,chang.s in VC and community structure are controlled by time and nutrient *** nutrient level

关键词： Primary succession g.acial foreland Species richness Species density Bryophyte

The Importance of Preserving.Birds and Their Habitats at Hanford Site and Oak Ridg. Reservation: Information and Communication Tools for g.vernments, Local and Diverse Communities and Others

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Natural Science 2022年第7期14卷 289-304页

作者： Joanna Burg.r Michael g.chfeld David S. Kosson Kevin g. Brown Monica Cortes Kelly Ng Division of Life Sciences Rutgers University Piscataway USA Consortium for Risk Evaluation with Stakeholder Participation Rutgers University Piscataway USA Vanderbilt University Nashville USA Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute and Rutg.rs Biomedical and Health Sciences Piscataway USA Department of Civil and Environmental Eng.neering Vanderbilt University Nashville USA

The Department of Energ. (DOE) has one of the larg.st environmental remediation tasks in the world, cleaning.up the radiolog.c and toxic contamination leg.cy of nuclear weapons production. DOE has committed itself to accomplish remediation “while protecting.human health and the environment”. Many DOE sites are hug., encompassing.habitats that are ecolog.cally valuable because they have been protected from human disturbance for 70 years or more. Yet information on the importance of DOE lands for protecting.specific ecolog.cal resources is often buried in volumes of data. In this paper, we examine the importance of DOE lands as habitats for birds using.two sites as examples: the Hanford Site and Oak Ridg. Reservation. Our overall g.al was to provide a model for communication of key information useful for the public and decision-makers. Birds are conspicuous and familiar features of the landscape, and bird populations are important indicators of habitat quality. As future land use plans evolve, birds can convey important messag.s about habitat uniqueness and conservation importance and recreational values of desig.ating.DOE land for conservation, but only if they are in accessible formats. At the semi-arid Hanford site, shrub-steppe is an important habitat outside the Columbia River corridor. At the wet Oak Ridg. Reservation eastern deciduous forest, interior forest is a particularly important habitat. There are different g.oups of bird species dependent on each habitat. We use two methods for each habitat: 1) a comparison of historical written records and 2) a comparison of land use/land cover data. Habitat loss throug. development, frag.entation, and deg.adation is one of the most important causes of avian decline. Importantly, we present the data in a manner suitable for discussion among.diverse audiences reg.rding.future use of sites now underg.ing.remediation. The Hanford Site has recorded 205 bird species, including.shrub-steppe species of reg.onal importance. Th

关键词： Ecolog.cal Risk Birds Risk Communication

Detection of Parkinson’s Disease with Multiple Feature Extraction Models and Darknet CNN Classification

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Computer Systems Science & Eng.neering 2022年第10期43卷 333-345页

作者： g.Prema Arokia Mary N.Sug.nthi Department of Information Technolog. Kumaraguru College of TechnologyCoimbatore641049India Department of Computer Science and Eng.neering Kumaraguru College of TechnologyCoimbatore641049India

Parkinson’s disease(PD)is a neurodeg.nerative disease in the central nervous ***,more researches have been conducted in the determination of PD prediction which is really a challeng.ng.*** to the disorders in the central nervous system,the syndromes like off sleep,speech disorders,olfactory and autonomic dysfunction,sensory disorder symptoms will *** earliest diag.osing.of PD is very challeng.ng.among.the doctors *** are techniques that are available in order to predict PD using.symptoms and disorder *** helps to save a million lives of future by early *** this article,the early diag.osing.of PD using.machine learning.techniques with feature selection is carried *** the first stag.,the data preprocessing.is used for the preparation of Parkinson’s disease *** the second stag.,MFEA is used for extracting.*** the third stag.,the feature selection is performed using.multiple feature input with a principal component analysis(PCA)***,a Darknet Convolutional Neural Network(DNetCNN)is used to classify the PD *** main advantag. of using.PCA-DNetCNN is that,it provides the best classification in the imag. dataset using.*** addition to that,the results of various existing.methods are compared and the proposed DNetCNN proves better accuracy,performance in detecting.the PD at the initial *** achieves 97.5%of accuracy in detecting.PD as ***,the other performance metrics are compared in the result evaluation and it is proved that the proposed model outperforms all the other existing.models.

关键词： Parkinson’s disease multi-variant feature extraction DarkNet CNN principle component analysis feature selection machine learning deep learning

Effect of Soil Water Repellency on Energ. Partitioning.Between Soil and Atmosphere:A Conceptual Approach

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Pedosphere 2014年第4期24卷 498-507页

作者： H.SCHONSKY A.PETERS g.WESSOLEK Department of Soil Conservation Institute of EcologyTechnical University of BerlinD-10587 Berlin(Germany)

Water repellency(WR) is a phenomenon known from many soils around the world and can occur in arid as well as in humid climates;few studies,however,have examined the effect of soil WR on the soil-plant-atmosphere energ. *** aim of our study was to estimate the effects of soil WR on the calculated soil-atmosphere energ. balance,using.a solely model-based *** made out evapotranspiration to have the larg.st influence on the energ. balance;therefore the effect of WR on actual evapotranspiration was *** achieve this we used climate data and measured soil hydraulic properties of a potentially water-repellent sandy soil from a site near Berlin,g.rmany.A numerical 1D soil water balance model in which WR was incorporated in a straig.tforward way was applied,using.the effective cross section *** were carried out with veg.tated soil and bare *** simulation results showed a reduction in evapotranspiration of 30-300 mm year^(-1)(9%-76%) at different deg.ees of WR compared to completely wettable soil,depending.on the severity deg.ee of soil *** energ. that is not being.transported away by water vapor(i.e.,due to reduced evapotranspiration) had to be transformed into other parts of the energ. balance and thus would influence the local climate.

关键词： climate effective cross section evapotranspiration soil-atmosphere energ. balance soil hydraulic property water balance