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Evaluation of Tomato Lines against Septoria Leaf Spot under Field Conditions and Its Effect on Fruit Yield

Agricultural Sciences 2016年第4期7卷 181-186页

作者： Zishan Gul mehboob ahmed Zaheer Ullah Khan Bilal Khan Mazhar Iqbal Hazara Agriculture Research Station Abbottabad Pakistan

Field studies were conducted at Hazara Agriculture Research Station, Abbottabad to evaluate thirteen AVRDC lines along with one commercial check (Roma) for potential of fruit yield against septoria leaf spot during summer season 2014. The disease established itself by natural infection and disease severity was estimated with the help of 0 - 5 disease rating scale after 15 days interval from the onset of symptoms. The lines showed significant difference in % septoria leaf spot infection. The disease severity % increased up to 100% in line AVTO1314 whereas the lowest % severity was recorded in AVTO1173 which showed the highest yield (468.1 g) with average fruit weight 122.22 g while the significantly lowest mean yield/plant (35.05 g) was calculated in line AVTO1314 with fruit weight 47.92 g. It was concluded that the line AVTO1173 could be useful in genetic programs for incorporating resistant genes in local tomato germplasm against septoria leaf spot disease.

关键词： Tomato Septoria Leaf Spot Disease Severity Fruit Yield

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Heterosis and Inbreeding Depression in F<sub>2</sub>Populations of Upland Cotton (<i>Gossypium hirsutum</i>L.)

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Agricultural Sciences 2017年第11期8卷 1283-1295页

作者： Bilal ahmed Khan Naqib Ullah Khan mehboob ahmed Mazhar Iqbal Ihsan Ullah Maria Saleem Isma Khurshid Aneela Kanwal Hazara Agriculture Research Station Abbottabad Pakistan University of Agriculture Peshawar Peshawar Pakistan

Hybrid cotton production through exploitation of heterosis is the only way for having vertical improvement and betterment in seed cotton yield which has been stagnated in the recent years. The current study was conducted to evaluate the performance of F2 population for studying mean performance, heterotic effects and inbreeding depression in upland cotton for polygenic traits. Parental genotypes and their F2s were sown at Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Agricultural University, Peshawar during 2010, manually. All the traits revealed highly significant (p ≤ 0.01) variations for both parents and their F2 hybrids. Mean performance for parents and their F2 hybrids is: (5.26 to 7.12 & 4.43 to 6.60) seeds locule-1, (21.10 to 28.03 & 20.40 to 28.50) seed boll-1, (32.20 to 34.80 & 32.22 to 35.05) lint% and (62.87 to 85.47 & 45.94 to 92.04) seed cotton yield plant-1, respectively. Heterotic effects found over mid parent and better parent were: 66.66% & 46.66% (seeds locule-1), 60% & 30% (seed boll-1), 43.33% & 30% (lint %) and 36.66% & 16.66% (seed cotton yield plant-1), respectively. For the parameters: seeds locule-1 (11 & 10), seeds boll-1 (2 & 1) and seed cotton yield plant-1 (3 & 1) showed positive highly significant heterosis for both mid and better parent, respectively while lint% did not reveal any positive significant heterosis. F2 populations i.e. CIM-499 × CIM-554 and CIM-554 × CIM-499 revealed highly significant heterotic effects over mid and better parent for all the traits except lint % while CIM-554 × CIM-707 showed highly significant heterotic effects for seeds locule-1 and seed cotton yield palnt-1. Positive economic heterotic effects were also exhibited by more than 50% of the F2 population i.e., 76.66% for seed locule-1, 50% for seeds boll-1, 3.33% for lint% and 20% for seed cotton yield plant-1, respectively. By comparing F2 mean values with F1s, only lint % showed (0.00% to 15.55%) maximum inbreeding depression while negligible amount of inbreeding depression was obs

关键词： Heterosis Inbreeding Depression Lint F2

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Nosocomial infections:Epidemiology,prevention,control and surveillance

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2017年第5期7卷 478-482页

作者： Hassan ahmed Khan Fatima Kanwal Baig Riffat mehboob Abbottabad University of Science and Technology(AUST) AbbottabadPakistan National University of Science and Technology(NUST) IslamabadPakistan Biomedical Sciences King Edward Medical UniversityLahorePakistan

Nosocomial infections or healthcare associated infections occur in patients under medical *** infections occur worldwide both in developed and developing *** infections accounts for 7% in developed and 10% in developing *** these infections occur during hospital stay,they cause prolonged stay,disability,and economic *** prevalent infections include central line-associated bloodstream infections,catheter-associated urinary tract infections,surgical site infections and ventilator-associated *** pathogens include bacteria,viruses and fungal *** to WHO estimates,approximately 15% of all hospitalized patients suffer from these *** hospitalization,patient is exposed to pathogens through different sources environment,healthcare staff,and other infected *** of these infections should be restricted for *** waste serves as potential source of pathogens and about 20%–25% of hospital waste is termed as *** infections can be controlled by practicing infection control programs,keep check on antimicrobial use and its resistance,adopting antibiotic control *** surveillance system can play its part at national and international *** are required by all stakeholders to prevent and control nosocomial infections.

关键词： Nosocomial infections Control strategies Hospital acquired infections Pathogens Healthcare

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Nosocomial infections and their control strategies

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2015年第7期5卷 505-509页

作者： Hassan ahmed Khan Aftab Ahmad Riffat mehboob University of Lahore National Academy of Young Scientists (NAYS) University of the Punjab Department of Biomedical Sciences King Edward Medical University Department of Neuroscience SISSA Trieste Italy

Nosocomial infections are also known as hospital-acquired/associated infections. National Healthcare Safety Network along with Centers for Disease Control for surveillance has classified nosocomial infection sites into 13 types with 50 infection sites, which are specific on the basis of biological and clinical criteria. The agents that are usually involved in hospitalacquired infections include Streptococcus spp., Acinetobacter spp., enterococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, coagulase-negative staphylococci, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Legionella and Enterobacteriaceae family members, namely, Proteus mirablis, Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens. Nosocomial pathogens can be transmitted through person to person, environment or contaminated water and food, infected individuals, contaminated healthcare personnel's skin or contact via shared items and surfaces. Mainly, multi-drug-resistant nosocomial organisms include methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumonia, whereas Clostridium difficile shows natural resistance. Excessive and improper use of broadspectrum antibiotics, especially in healthcare settings, is elevating nosocomial infections, which not only becomes a big health care problem but also causes great economic and production loss in the community. Nosocomial infections can be controlled by measuring and comparing the infection rates within healthcare settings and sticking to the best healthcare practices. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention provides the methodology for surveillance of nosocomial infections along with investigation of major outbreaks. By means of this surveillance, hospitals can devise a strategy comprising of infection control practices.

关键词： Hospital-acquired infection Antibiotics Control strategies Surveillance

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