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Interannual dynamics of stemwood nonstructural carbohydrates in temperate forest trees surrounding drought

Journal of Forestry Research 2023年第1期34卷 77-86页

作者： meghan J.Blumstein Morgan E.Furze Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Harvard University26 Oxford StCambridgeMA 02138USA Civil and Environmental Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts AveRoom 1-290CambridgeMA 02139USA Department of Botany and Plant Pathology Department of Forestry and Natural ResourcesPurdue University915 W State StreetWest LafayetteIN 47907USA

Interactions between water and carbon dynamics underlie drought-related tree *** whole-tree water relations have been shown to play a key role in the response to and recovery from drought,the role of nonstructural carbohydrates(NsC) and how their storage and allocation changes surrounding drought events deserves further attention and is critical for understanding tree ***,we quantified in situ NsC responses of temperate forest trees to the 2016 drought in the northeastern United *** and starch concentrations were measured in the stemwood of five tree species from 2014 to 2019,which allowed us to monitor NsCs in relation to climatic conditions before,during,and after the natural *** found that immediately following the drought,measured stemwood NsC concentrations ***,NsC concentrations rebounded quickly within three ***,trees allocated proportionally more to starch than to sugars following the 2016 *** winter 2017,starch comprised 45% of total stemwood stores,whereas starch made up only 1-2% in other ***,we modeled and assessed the climatic drivers of total NsC concentrations in the *** in total NsC concentrations was significantly predicted by the previous year’s temperature,precipitation,and standardized precipitation-evapotranspiration index(sPEI),with stemwood concentrations decreasing following hotter,drier periods and increasing following cooler,wetter ***,our work provides insight into the climatic drivers of NsC storage and highlights the important role that a tree’s carbon economy may play in its response and recovery to environmental stress.

关键词： Drought Nonstructural carbohydrates starch metabolism Forest trees

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Incidence of brain metastasis in patients with esophageal carcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第19期17卷 2407-2410页

作者： Ron s smith Robert C miller Department of Radiation Oncology Andreas Cancer Center-Mayo Health SystemMankatoMN 56002United States Department of Radiation Oncology Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 56002United States

AIM:To determine the incidence of brain metastasis in a contemporary group of patients with carcinoma of the ***:Retrospective analysis of 53 patients with esophageal carcinoma who received radiotherapy as a component of treatment between 1998 and 2007,including patient and tumor characteristics,and subsequent diagnosis of brain *** association between the histological type of esophageal cancer and the incidence of brain metastasis was assessed using Fisher's exact ***:Forty-four of the fifty-three patients in this study had adenocarcinoma and nine had squamous cell carcinoma,ranging from stage ⅡA-Ⅳ*** treatment was surgery with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (trimodality therapy) in 19% of patients;chemoradiotherapy in 42%;and surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy in 7%.Twenty-five percent of patients inthis study received palliative *** overall incidence of brain metastasis in this cohort was 13%.Adenocarcinoma was the primary tumor histology in all of the patients who developed brain metastasis,representing an incidence of 16% in this *** patients with squamous cell carcinoma received trimodality *** association between histology and brain metastasis was not statistically ***:The incidence of brain metastasis in this contemporary cohort of patients with esophageal carcinoma is higher than previously reported and was confined to those with adenocarcinoma.

关键词： Brain metastasis Esophageal carcinoma

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Understanding activity of butyrate at a cellular level

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2323-2324页

作者： Prapti Chakraborty Angela s.Laird Macquarie University Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre Macquarie Medical SchoolFaculty of MedicineHealth and Human SciencesMacquarie UniversitySydneyAustralia

Butyrate is a short-chain fatty acid of four carbons in length that is a by-product produced by the microbial fermentation of dietary fiber and undigested carbohydrates within the *** the years,butyrate has attracted ... 详细信息

关键词： carbons butyrate fiber

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Microglial dysfunction and genetic risk for neurodegenerative disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1401-1402页

作者： Debra s.MacDonald Jay Penney Department of Biomedical sciences AVCUniversity of Prince Edward IslandCharlottetownPECanada

Neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases a re increasing in prevalence as world populations *** tremendous progress has been made,our understanding of the mechanisms that underlie the development of these diseases remains far from com *** troubling,despite the growing emotional and financial toll being to ken by neurodegenerative disorders,existing treatment options are limited almost exclusively to those that help manage symptoms but that lack the ability to alter the progression of the disease(Liu et al.,2022).

关键词： degenerative diseases

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药箱之外

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高中生（作文） 2013年第11期 39-40页

作者： Jacllyn s.miller 陈梓

“谁有绷带？”一个声音在宿舍走廊里回响。在进入大学的第一周，我们都经历着“忘这忘那”的时期。之前，我就忘记了带零食作宵夜。很明显，有个手忙脚乱的可怜女孩忘了带绷带。我们都感受到了一点背井离乡的不适。

关键词：药箱绷带零食

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semantic segmentation of Lumbar Vertebrae Using Meijering U-Net(MU-Net)on spine Magnetic Resonance Images

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & sciences 2025年第1期142卷 733-757页

作者： Lakshmi s V V shiloah Elizabeth Darmanayagam sunil Retmin Raj Cyril Department of Computer science and Engineering College of Engineering GuindyAnna UniversityChennai600025India Department of Information Technology Madras Institute of TechnologyAnna UniversityChrompetChennai600044India

Lower back pain is one of the most common medical problems in the world and it is experienced by a huge percentage of people *** to its ability to produce a detailed view of the soft tissues,including the spinal cord,nerves,intervertebral discs,and vertebrae,Magnetic Resonance Imaging is thought to be the most effective method for imaging the *** semantic segmentation of vertebrae plays a major role in the diagnostic process of lumbar *** is difficult to semantically partition the vertebrae in Magnetic Resonance Images from the surrounding variety of tissues,including muscles,ligaments,and intervertebral discs.U-Net is a powerful deep-learning architecture to handle the challenges of medical image analysis tasks and achieves high segmentation *** work proposes a modified U-Net architecture namely MU-Net,consisting of the Meijering convolutional layer that incorporates the Meijering filter to perform the semantic segmentation of lumbar vertebrae L1 to L5 and sacral vertebra ***-colour mask images were generated and used as ground truth for training the *** work has been carried out on 1312 images expanded from T1-weighted mid-sagittal MRI images of 515 patients in the Lumbar spine MRI Dataset publicly available from Mendeley *** proposed MU-Net model for the semantic segmentation of the lumbar vertebrae gives better performance with 98.79%of pixel accuracy(PA),98.66%of dice similarity coefficient(DsC),97.36%of Jaccard coefficient,and 92.55%mean Intersection over Union(mean IoU)metrics using the mentioned dataset.

关键词： Computer aided diagnosis(CAD) magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) semantic segmentation lumbar vertebrae deep learning U-Net model

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A comprehensive investigation on nonlinear vibration and bending characteristics of bio-inspired helicoidal laminated composite structures

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2025年第1期46卷 81-100页

作者： s.sAURABH R.KIRAN D.sINGH R.VAIsH V.s.CHAUHAN school of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Mandi

Bio-inspired helicoidal composite laminates, inspired by the intricate helical structures found in nature, present a promising frontier for enhancing the mechanical properties of structural designs. Hence, this study provides a comprehensive investigation into the nonlinear free vibration and nonlinear bending behavior of bio-inspired composite plates. The inverse hyperbolic shear deformation theory(IHsDT) of plates is employed to characterize the displacement field, with the incorporation of Green-Lagrange nonlinearity. The problem is modeled using the C0finite element method(FEM), and an in-house code is developed in the MATLAB environment to solve it numerically. Various helicoidal layup configurations including helicoidal recursive(HR), helicoidal exponential(HE), helicoidal semi-circular(Hs), linear helicoidal(LH), and Fibonacci helicoidal(FH)with different layup sequences and quasi-isotropic configurations are studied. The model is validated, and parametric studies are conducted. These studies investigate the effects of layup configurations, side-to-thickness ratio, modulus ratios, boundary conditions, and loading conditions at different load amplitudes on the nonlinear vibration and nonlinear bending behaviors of bio-inspired composite plates. The results show that the laminate sequence exerts a substantial impact on both nonlinear natural frequencies and nonlinear bending behaviors. Moreover, this influence varies across different side-to-thickness ratios and boundary conditions of the bio-inspired composite plate.

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Brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling in the neuromuscular junction during developmental axonal competition and synapse elimination

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 394-401页

作者： Josep Tomàs Víctor Cilleros-Mañé Laia Just-Borràs Marta Balanyà-segura Aleksandra Polishchuk Laura Nadal Marta Tomàs Carolina silvera-simón Manel M.santafé Maria A.Lanuza Unitat d’Histologia i Neurobiologia(UHNeurob) Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la SalutUniversitat Rovira i VirgiliReusSpain

During the development of the nervous system,there is an overproduction of neurons and *** competition between neighboring nerve endings and synapses performing different activity levels leads to their elimination or *** have extensively studied the involvement of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor-Tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor neurotrophic retrograde pathway,at the neuromuscular junction,in the axonal development and synapse elimination process versus the synapse *** purpose of this review is to describe the neurotrophic influence on developmental synapse elimination,in relation to other molecular pathways that we and others have found to regulate this *** particular,we summarize our published results based on transmitter release analysis and axonal counts to show the different involvement of the presynaptic acetylcholine muscarinic autoreceptors,coupled to downstream serine-threonine protein kinases A and C(PKA and PKC)and voltage-gated calcium channels,at different nerve endings in developmental *** dynamic changes that occur simultaneously in several nerve terminals and synapses converge across a postsynaptic site,influence each other,and require careful studies to individualize the mechanisms of specific *** describe an activity-dependent balance(related to the extent of transmitter release)between the presynaptic muscarinic subtypes and the neurotrophin-mediated TrkB/p75NTR pathways that can influence the timing and fate of the competitive interactions between the different axon *** downstream displacement of the PKA/PKC activity ratio to lower values,both in competing nerve terminals and at postsynaptic sites,plays a relevant role in controlling the elimination of supernumerary ***,calcium entry through L-and P/Q-subtypes of voltage-gated calcium channels(both channels are present,together with the N-type channel in developing nerve terminals)contributes to red

关键词： acetylcholine release adenosine receptors axonal competition brain-derived neurotrophic factor calcium channels motor end-plate muscarinic acetylcholine receptors postnatal synapse elimination serine kinases tropomyosin-related kinase receptorB

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森林有害生物的防治

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南方林业科学 1979年第2期 38-38,16页

作者： Richard s.miller 朱可仁

美国科学院近年来组织了一批专家对美国有害生物防治的现状和存在问题进行了深入的研究,研究结果主要反映在《有害生物防治:对当前的和更替的技术评价》(Pest Control: An Assessment of Present and AlternatiVe Techno Logies)丛书中... 详细信息

美国科学院近年来组织了一批专家对美国有害生物防治的现状和存在问题进行了深入的研究,研究结果主要反映在《有害生物防治:对当前的和更替的技术评价》(Pest Control: An Assessment of Present and AlternatiVe Techno Logies)丛书中。现将丛书第四卷《森林有害生物的防治》(Forest Pest Control)内容简介如下。

关键词：有害生物美国丛书美利坚合众国北美洲汇刻书防治措施森林

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Women in visual neural regeneration research

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 489-490页

作者： Tonia s.Rex David J.Calkins Vanderbilt Eye Institute Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTNUSA

The year 2024 marks the 60^(th)anniversary of Title IX and 25 years since the New York Times revealed bias against female faculty members at the Massachusetts Institute of *** take an opportunity here to examine the state of gender bias in a relatively new yet already prominent field,neural regeneration in the visual system,for which there is a well-defined context useful for this *** National Eye Institute(NEI)provided the first round of research funding for its Audacious Goals Initiative(AGI)on visual neural regeneration in 2013 and the last round in ***,we focus on this *** sources included PubMed,the National science Foundation(NsF),the NEI,the Blue Ridge Institute for Medical Research and data from the major professional organization for eye and vision research,the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology(ARVO).

关键词： neural visual Times

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