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Inhibition of Wnt signaling by Frizzled7 antibody-coated nanoshells sensitizes triple-negative breast cancer cells to the autophagy regulator chloroquine

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Nano Research 2020年第6期13卷 1693-1703页

作者： Jianxin Wang megan N.Dang Emily S.Day Department of Biomedical Engineering University of DelawareNewarkDE19716USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of DelawareNewarkDE19716USA Helen F.Graham Cancer Center&Research Institute NewarkDE19713USA

Nano Research volume 13,pages1693–1703(2020)Cite this article 137 Accesses 6 Altmetric Metrics details Abstract Despite improvements in our understanding of the biology behind triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC),it remains a devastating disease due to lack of an effective targeted *** Wnt signaling is a promising strategy to combat TNBC because Wnt signaling drives TNBC progression,chemoresistance,and ***,Wnt inhibition can lead to upregulation of autophagy,which confers therapeutic *** provides an opportunity for combination therapy,as autophagy inhibitors applied concurrently with Wnt inhibitors could increase treatment ***,we applied the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine(CQ)to TNBC cells in combination with Frizzled7 antibody-coated nanoshells(FZD7-NS)that suppress Wnt signaling by blocking Wnt ligand/FZD7 receptor interactions,and evaluated this dual treatment in *** found that FZD7-NS can inhibit Axin2 and CyclinD1,two targets of canonical Wnt signaling,and increase the expression of LC3,an autophagy *** FZD7-NS and CQ are applied together,they reduce the expression of several stemness genes in TNBC cells,leading to inhibition of TNBC cell migration and ***,co-delivery of FZD7-NS and CQ is more effective than either therapy alone or the combination of CQ with free FZD7 *** demonstrates that the nanocarrier design is important to its therapeutic ***,these findings indicate that combined regulation of Wnt signaling and autophagy by FZD7-NS and CQ is a promising strategy to combat TNBC.

关键词： nanomedicine nanoparticles combination therapy antibody delivery cancer stem cells

Reducing metal artifacts by restricting negative pixels

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Visual Computing for Industry,Biomedicine,and Art 2021年第1期4卷 142-151页

作者： Gengsheng L.Zeng megan Zeng Department of Computer Science Utah Valley UniversityOremUT 84058USA Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences University of UtahSalt Lake CityUT 84108USA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of California at BerkeleyBerkeleyCA 94720USA

When the object contains metals,its x-ray computed tomography(CT)images are normally affected by streaking *** artifacts are mainly caused by the x-ray beam hardening effects,which deviate the measurements from their true *** interesting observation of the metal artifacts is that certain regions of the metal artifacts often appear as negative pixel *** novel idea in this paper is to set up an objective function that restricts the negative pixel values in the *** must point out that the naïve idea of setting the negative pixel values in the reconstructed image to zero does not give the same *** paper proposes an iterative algorithm to optimize this objective function,and the unknowns are the metal affected *** the metal affected projections are estimated,the filtered backprojection algorithm is used to reconstruct the final *** paper applies the proposed algorithm to some airport bag CT *** bags all contain unknown metallic *** metal artifacts are effectively reduced by the proposed algorithm.

关键词： Filtered backprojection image reconstruction Iterative algorithm Metal artifact reduction Objective function X-ray computed tomography

The immune modifying effects of amino acids on gut-associated lymphoid tissue

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2013年第3期4卷 195-204页

作者： megan R Ruth Catherine J Field Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science 4-126A Li Ka Shing Health Research Innovation Centre University of AlbertaEdmonton AB T6G 2E1 Canada

The intestine and the gut-associated lymphoid tissue（GALT） are essential components of whole body immune defense,protecting the body from foreign antigens and pathogens,while allowing tolerance to commensal bacteria and dietary *** requirement for protein to support the immune system is well *** is known regarding the immune modifying properties of individual amino acids,particularly on the *** oral and parenteral feeding studies have established convincing evidence that not only the total protein intake,but the availability of specific dietary amino acids（in particular glutamine,glutamate,and arginine,and perhaps methionine,cysteine and threonine） are essential to optimizing the immune functions of the intestine and the proximal resident immune *** amino acids each have unique properties that include,maintaining the integrity,growth and function of the intestine,as well as normalizing inflammatory cytokine secretion and improving T-lymphocyte numbers,specific T cell functions,and the secretion of IgA by lamina propria *** understanding of this area has come from studies that have supplemented single amino acids to a mixed protein diet and measuring the effect on specific immune *** studies should be designed using amino acid mixtures that target a number of specific functions of GALT in order to optimize immune function in domestic animals and humans during critical periods of development and various disease states.

关键词： Amino acids Arginine Epithelium Glutamate Glutamine Gut-associated lymphoid tissue Intestine Mucosa

Persistent Precarity and the Disaster of Everyday Life: Homeless People’s Experiences of Natural and Other Hazards

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2019年第3期10卷 332-342页

作者： JC Gaillard Vicky Walters megan Rickerby Yu Shi School of Environment The University of AucklandAuckland 1142New Zealand School of People Environment and PlanningMasseyUniversityAlbany 0632New Zealand Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management North-West UniversityPotchefstroom 2520South Africa

Knowledge of how homeless people deal with natural hazards and disasters is sparse and there is a remarkable absence of homeless people in policies and practices for disaster risk reduction(DRR). This article aims at filling this gap by exploring the lives of homeless people in two New Zealand cities that are exposed to natural hazards. It shows that natural hazards are of marginal concern to homeless people in comparison to the everyday hazards that they experience and that make their everyday life a disaster in itself. The disaster of everyday life is created and compounded by homeless people’s precarious lifeworlds. The article, nonetheless, shows that homeless people’s vulnerability to natural hazards remains high as they lack power to control the processes that shape their everyday lives, to prepare for large-scale events, and to be represented in DRR policy. Therefore, the article ultimately argues that disaster policies require greater attention to be paid to the power structures that create persistent precarity and the ways in which this is experienced in everyday life.

关键词： Everyday life Hazard Homelessness New Zealand Precarity Vulnerability

Major histocompatibility complex and mate choice in the polygynous primate:the Sichuan snub-nosed monkey(Rhinopithecus roxellana)

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Integrative Zoology 2014年第5期9卷 598-612页

作者： Banghe YANG Baoping REN Zuofu XIANG Jingyuan YANG Hui YAO Paul A.garber Ming LI Key Lab of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Graduate School of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingChina College of Life Science and Technology Central South University of Forestry and TechnologyChangshaChina Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology of Shennongjia Golden Monkey China Department of Anthropology Program in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of IllinoisUrbanaUSA

The highly polymorphic genes within the major histocompatibility complex(MHC)not only play a major role in immunity resistance,but also seem to provide hints for mate choice in some animal *** the present study we investigated MHC-related mate choice in a small natural population(group size 40-55 individuals)of a polygynous primate,the Sichuan snub-nosed monkey(Rhinopithecus roxellana).We found that there was no evidence either for MHC-disassortative mating,or for females to mate with males based on MHC heterozygosity or specific ***,of the 11 alleles identified,we found that the frequencies of 2 alleles,Rhro-DRB2(P<0.01)and Rhro-DRB5(P<0.05)were higher in offspring than in their *** findings suggest that MHC-DRB in this population of *** is unlikely to be associated with mating *** female opportunities for mate choice are likely due,in part,to the harem breeding structure present in ***,and the relatively small number of resident adult males in our study band(N=4-6).In addition,we suggest that differences in the frequency of particular alleles across generations may be linked to parasite resistance in a fluctuating environment;however,confirmation of this finding requires further study.

关键词： disassortative mating major histocompatibility complex mate choice Rhinopithecus roxellana

The influence of hydrochar from biogas digestate on soil improvement and plant growth aspects

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Biochar 2020年第2期2卷 177-194页

作者： megan de Jager Michael Rohrdanz Luise Giani Carl Von Ossietzky Universitat Institut für Biologie und UmweltwissenschaftenOldenburgGermany

Hydrochar(HC),produced by hydrothermal carbonization,offers technical advantages over biochar(BC)produced by pyrolysis,and is suitable for soil amelioration,carbon sequestration,and enhanced plant *** grain size has been shown to influence nutrient retention,microbial colonization and aggregate formation;however,similar research for HC is *** trials were conducted to investigate the influence of HC grain size[coarse(6.3-2 mm),medium(2-0.63 mm)and fine(50%in all *** effect on NO_(3)^(−)content was indeterminable,while there was little to no effect on biom

关键词： Hydrochar Soil improvement Grain size Plant available nutrients

Optimal Port Design Minimizing Standing Waves with A Posteriori Long Term Shoreline Sustainability Analysis

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China Ocean Engineering 2021年第6期35卷 802-813页

作者： megan COOK Frédéric BOUCHETTE Bijan MOHAMMADI Léa SPRUNCK Nicolas FRAYSSE BRL Ingénierie Nı̂mes 30000France GEOSCIENCES-M University of MontpellierCNRSMontpellier 34090France GLADYS University of MontpellierCNRSLe Grau du Roi 30240France IMAG University of MontpellierCNRSMontpellier 34090France

Optimization theory is applied to a coastal engineering problem that is the design of a *** approach was applied to the redesign of La Turballe Port in order to increase the exploitable surface area and simultaneously reduce the occurrence of long waves within the *** defined the cost function as a weighted function of wave amplitude and with the chosen parameterization of the port,results show that an extended jetty and a widened mole yield a unique optimal *** work demonstrates that numerical optimization may be quick and efficient in the identification of port solutions consistent with classic engineering even in the context of complex problems.

关键词： optimization coastal engineering harbour design hydrodynamics shoreline analysis

Wars as Dividing Significance of the Lines？ Rethinking the Sino-Japanese War in Twentieth Century China

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Frontiers of History in China 2018年第1期13卷 73-89页

作者： J. megan Greene Department of History University of Kansas Lawrence KS 66045 USA

Historical periodization frequently takes wars as turning points--as ruptures that signify the end or beginning of an era. At the same time, front lines have often been taken as boundaries that contain the activities of one side or the other. Thus, discontinuity and disjuncture rather than continuity and fluidity have o-en been the points of emphasis among historians who have taken war events as turning points, or who have seen lines of combat as impermeable. A new focus on the Sino-Japanese War period has begun to reveal ways in which that moment served not as an interruption but as a part of longer term processes of change and development that characterized China＇s mid-twentieth century. It also permits us to gain a deeper understanding of the fluidity of human movement and socio-economic interaction that frequently boundaries and to think about similarities various Chinese spaces. The aim of this paper crossed both political and military linkages, and differences between is to consider ways in which the new generation of scholarship on the Sino-Japanese War period offers new ways of thinking about continuity, change, similarity and difference across both temporal and physical boundaries that have served as the parameters for much of the earlier scholarship on the period. To this end, the paper examines recent literature on the Sino-Japanese War period, as well as literature that crosses that period, to examine ways in which this historiography has challenged conventional periodizations and political and geographical delineations

关键词： Sino-Japanese War western China collaboration development impact of war

Adult myelination: wrapping up neuronal plasticity

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Neural Regeneration Research 2014年第13期9卷 1261-1264页

作者： megan O’Rourke Robert Gasperini Kaylene M.Young Menzies Research Institute Tasmania University of Tasmania The School of Medicine University of Tasmania

In this review, we outline the major neural plasticity mechanisms that have been identified in the adult central nervous system （CNS）, and offer a perspective on how they regulate CNS function. In particular we examine how myelin plasticity can operate alongside neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity to influence information processing and transfer in the mature CNS.

关键词： oligodendrocyte OPC adult central nerrous system NG2 oligodendrogenesis plasticity remodelling myelination neural stem cells synapse