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美国页岩油气地质特征及勘探开发进展

石油勘探与开发 2024年第4期51卷 807-828页

作者： m.m.HON T P larson T E ZHANG T SHUSTER m 美国德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校杰克逊地质科学学院经济地质局奥斯汀78758-4445德克萨斯州美国

基于美国页岩油气勘探开发历程的回顾,对主要页岩盆地的地质演化、主要页岩层系的油气地质特征及勘探开发进展进行系统梳理和总结。美国重要页岩盆地的富烃页岩主要发育于6个地质时期:中奥陶世、中—晚泥盆世、早石炭世(中—晚密西西比... 详细信息

基于美国页岩油气勘探开发历程的回顾,对主要页岩盆地的地质演化、主要页岩层系的油气地质特征及勘探开发进展进行系统梳理和总结。美国重要页岩盆地的富烃页岩主要发育于6个地质时期:中奥陶世、中—晚泥盆世、早石炭世(中—晚密西西比世)、早二叠世、晚侏罗世和晚白垩世(塞诺曼期—土伦期),构造沉积环境主要包括克拉通内盆地、前陆盆地和被动大陆边缘盆地。古生界富烃页岩主要分布于以下6个盆地:阿巴拉契亚盆地(尤蒂卡页岩和马塞勒斯页岩)、阿纳达科盆地(伍德福德页岩)、威利斯顿盆地(巴肯页岩)、阿卡马盆地(费耶特维尔页岩)、沃思堡盆地(巴内特页岩)和二叠盆地(狼营组和斯帕瑞组/骨泉组页岩)。中生界富烃页岩主要发育在西墨西哥湾盆地(海恩斯维尔组和鹰滩组)和落基山盆地群(以丹佛和粉河盆地的尼尔布拉勒组页岩为主)。通过对各页岩区带的详细分析发现,页岩的岩相和矿物成分存在差异,“页岩储层”并非只是页岩,很多情况下页岩油气还产自粉砂岩和碳酸盐岩等多种岩石类型。美国的页岩油气资源丰富,页岩油地质资源量超过0.246×1012 t,页岩气地质资源量超过290×1012 m.。在开启“页岩革命”的水平井水力压裂技术出现之前,美国经过了长达20年的勘探开发实践和理论技术积累。自2007年至2023年,美国页岩油气产量从约11.2×104t/d油当量增加到超过300.0×104t/d油当量,2017年页岩油气产量超过了常规油气,2023年在油气总产量中的占比增加到60%以上。页岩油气的开发主要得益于钻完井技术的改进,“立体开发”的攻关,以及重复压裂、提高原油采收率和“U”形井等技术的应用。基于美国丰富的页岩资源基础和技术的不断进步,页岩油气的产量将继续为全美的油气生产做出更大贡献。

关键词：美国页岩油页岩气页岩储层非常规储层油气产量资源评价

Glycem.c Response of Type 2 Diabetics to Raisins

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Dog10K: the International Consortium.of Canine Genom. Sequencing

Food and Nutrition Sciences（食品与营养科学） 2012年第8期

作者： Ted Wilson Jared A. Anderson Kristine F. Andersen Rachael A. Heim.rm.n megan m. larson m.chelle R. Freem.n Sarah E. Baker

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National Science Review 2019年第4期6卷 611-613页

作者： Guo-Dong Wang Greger larson Jeffrey m.Kidd Bridgett m.von Holdt Elaine A.Ostrander Ya-Ping Zhang State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Anim.l Evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of Sciences Palaeogenom.cs and Bio-Archaeology Research Network School of Archaeology University of Oxford Departm.nt of Hum.n Genetics and Departm.nt of Com.utational m.dicine and Bioinform.tics University of Michigan Medical School Ecology & Evolutionary Biology Princeton University National Hum.n Genom. Research Institute National Institutes of Health

Dogs (Canis lupus fam.liaris) were the first species to enter into a dom.stic relationship with people [1] and are a source of fascination all over the world, not only due to their history of dom.stication and dispersal along with hum.n beings [2],but also because of their diverse phenotypes and behaviors, driven by both artificial and natural selection [3]. Dogs

关键词： the International Consortium.of Canine Genom. Sequencing Dog10K

Tim.ng of m.tam.rphism.and deform.tion in the Swat valley, northern Pakistan:Insight into garnet-m.nazite HREE partitioning

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第3期10卷 849-861页

作者： Kyle P.larson Asghar Ali Sudip Shrestha m.thieu Soret John m.Cottle Rafique Ahm.d University of British Colum.ia Okanagan Earth Environmental and Geographic Sciences University of Peshawar Department of Geology University of Califom.a Santa Barbara Department of Earth Sciences The Bacha Khan University Department of Geology

New m.tam.rphic petrology and geochronology from.the Loe Sar dom. in the Swat region of northern Pakistan place refined constraints on the pressure, tem.erature and tim.ng of m.tam.rphism.and deform.tion in that part of the Him.layan orogen. Therm.dynam.c m.delling and m.nazite petrochronology indicate that m.tam.rphism.in the area followed a prograde evolution from.～525 ± 25 ℃and 6 士 0.5 kbar to ～610 ± 25 ℃ and 9 士 0.5 kbar, between ca. 39 m. and 28 m.. Partitioning of heavy rare earth elem.nts between garnet rim. and 30-28 m. m.nazite are interpreted to indicate coeval crystallization at peak conditions. m.crotextural relationships indicate that garnet rim.growth post-dated the developm.nt of the m.in foliation in the area. The regional foliation is folded about large-scale N-S trending fold axes and overprinting E-W trending folds to form.km.scale dom.l culm.nations. The textural relationships observed indicate that final dom. developm.nt m.st be younger than the 30-28 m. m.nazite that grew with garnet rim. post-regional foliation developm.nt, but pre-dom.ng-related deform.tion. This new tim.ng constraint helps resolve discrepancy between previous interpretations,which have alternately suggested that N-S trending regional folds m.st be either pre-or post-early Oligocene. Finally, when com.ined with existing hornblende and white m.ca cooling ages, these new data indicate that the study area was exhum.d rapidly following peak m.tam.rphism.

关键词： Pakistan Him.laya m.nazite petrochronology m.tam.rphism Phase equilibria m.delling Deform.tion

ULTRASHORT PULSE m.LTISPECTRAL NON-LINEAR OPTICAL m.CROSCOPY

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2009年第1期2卷 27-35页

作者： ADAm.m.larson ANTHONY LEE PO-FENG LEE KAYLA J.BAYLESS ALVIN T.YEH Departm.nt of Biom.dical Engineering Texas A&m.University College Station TexasUSA Departm.nt of m.lecular and Cellular m.dicine Texas A&m.Health Science Center College Station TexasUSA

Ultrashort pulse,m.ltispectral non-linear optical m.croscopy(NLOm.is developed and used to im.ge,sim.ltaneously,a m.xed population of cells expressing different fluorescent protein m.tants in a 3D tissue m.del of ***,sub-10-fs pulses are used to excite m.ltiple fluorescent proteins and generate second harm.nic in collagen.A 16-channel m.ltispectral detector is used to delineate the m.ltiple non-linear optical signals,pixel by pixel,in *** ability to im.ge m.ltiple fluorescent protein m.tants and collagen,enables serial m.asurem.nts of cell-cell and cell-m.trix interactions in our 3D tissue m.del and characterization of fundam.ntal processes in angiogenic m.rphogenesis.

关键词： Two-photon excited fluorescence second harm.nic generation m.ltiple m.lecular im.ging angiogenesis

Structural Properties of Hom.m.rphism.Dilation System.

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Chinese Annals of m.them.tics,Series B 2020年第4期41卷 585-600页

作者： Deguang HAN David R.larson Bei LIU Rui LIU Departm.nt of m.them.tics University of Central FloridaOrlando 32816USA. Departm.nt of m.them.tics Texas A&M UniversityCollege Station 77843USA. School of Science Tianjin University of TechnologyTianjin 300384China. Corresponding author.School of m.them.tical Sciences and LPm. Nankai UniversityTianjin 300071China.

Inspired by som. recent developm.nt on the theory about projection valued dilations for operator valued m.asures or m.re generally bounded hom.m.rphism.dilations for bounded linear m.ps on Banach algebras,the authors explore a pure algebraic version of the dilation theory for linear system. acting on unital algebras and vector *** introducing two natural dilation structures,nam.ly the canonical and the universal dilation system.,they prove that every linearly m.nim.l dilation is equivalent to a reduced hom.m.rphism.dilation of the universal dilation,and all the linearly m.nim.l hom.m.rphism.dilations can be classified by the associated reduced subspaces contained in the kernel of synthesis operator for the universal dilation.

关键词： Linear system. Linearly m.nim.l hom.m.rphism.dilation system. Principle and universal dilations Equivalent dilation system.

Dog10K: an international sequencing effort to advance studies of canine dom.stication, phenotypes and health

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National Science Review 2019年第4期6卷 810-824页

作者： Elaine A.Ostrander Guo-Dong Wang Greger larson Bridgett m.von Holdt Brian W.Davis Vidhya Jagannathan Christophe Hitte Robert K.Wayne Ya-Ping Zhang National Hum.n Genom. Research Institute National Institutes of Health State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Anim.l Evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of Sciences Palaeogenom.cs and Bio-Archaeology Research Network School of Archaeology University of Oxford Departm.nt of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Princeton University College of Veterinary m.dicine and Biom.dical Sciences Texas A&M University Institute of Genetics Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern IGDR CNRS University of Rennes Departm.nt of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of CaliforniaLos Angeles the Dog10K Consortium

Dogs are the m.st phenotypically diverse m.m.alian species, and they possess m.re known heritable disorders than any other non-hum.n m.m.al. Efforts to catalog and characterize genetic variation across well-chosen populations of canines are necessary to advance our understanding of their evolutionary history and genetic architecture. To date, no organized effort has been undertaken to sequence the world's canid populations. The Dog10 K Consortium.http://***10 ***) is an international collaboration of researchers from.across the globe who will generate 20× whole genom.s from.10 000 canids in 5 *** effort will capture the genetic diversity that underlies the phenotypic and geographical variability of m.dern canids worldwide. Breeds, village dogs, niche populations and extended pedigrees are currently being sequenced, and de novo assem.lies of m.ltiple canids are being constructed. This unprecedented dataset will address the genetic underpinnings of dom.stication, breed form.tion, aging, behavior and m.rphological variation. m.re generally, this effort will advance our understanding of hum.n and canine health.

关键词： genom.cs genom.-wide association studies(GWAS) breed selection variation evolution

Re-evaluating m.nazite as a record of m.tam.rphic reactions

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Geoscience Frontiers 2022年第2期13卷 237-254页

作者： Kyle P.larson Sudip Shrestha John m.Cottle Carl Guilm.tte T.Alex Johnson H.Daniel Gibson Félix Gervais Departm.nt of Earth Environmental and Geographic SciencesUniversity of British Columbia Okanagan3247 University WayKelownaBC V1V 1V7Canada Fipke Laboratory for Trace Elem.nt Research University of British Columbia Okanagan3247 University WayKelownaBC V1V 1V7Canada Departm.nt of Earth Science University of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraSanta BarbaraCA 93106-9630USA Géologie et Génie Géologique UniversitéLavalQuébec CityQuebecCanada Departm.nt of Earth Sciences Simon Fraser University8888 University DriveBurnabyBC V5A 1S6Canada Départm.nt des Génies Civil Géologique et des MinesPolytechnique MontréalMontréalQC H3T 1J4Canada

This study presents a re-exam.nation of historical specim.ns(DG136 and DG167)from.the m.nashee com.lex in the southeastern Canadian Cordillera that are critical to the current understanding of rare earth elem.nt(REE)distribution between garnet and m.nazite(and other accessory m.nerals)during ***-hundred and fifty-one new m.nazite petrochronology spot analyses on 29 different grains across two specim.ns outline detailed(re)crystallization *** elem.nt data collected from.the sam. ablated volum.,interpreted in the context of new phase equilibria m.delling that includes m.nazite,xenotim. and apatite,link ages to specific portions of the pressure-tem.erature(P-T)paths followed by the *** linkages are further inform.d by garnet Lu-Hf geochronology and xenotim. *** clockwise P-T paths indicate prograde m.tam.rphism.was ongoing by ca.80 m. in both *** structurally deeper specim.n,DG136,records peak P-T conditions of~755-770℃and 8.8-10.4 kbar,interpreted to coincide with(re-)crystallization of low Y m.nazite at~75-70 ***-rim.garnet isopleths from.DG167 cross in the observed peak assem.lage field at~680℃ and 9.3 *** conditions are interpreted to correspond with low Y m.nazite(re-)crystallisation at~65 *** specim.ns record decom.ression along their retrograde path coincident with high Y 70-55 m. and 65-55 m. m.nazite populations in DG136 and DG167,*** findings broadly agree with those initially reported~20 years ago and confirm.early interpretations using trace elem.nts in m.nazite as generally reliable m.rkers of m.tam.rphic *** phase equilibria m.delling and in situ petrochronological analysis,however,provide additional insight into m.nazite behaviour during anatexis and the effects of potential trace elem.nt buffering by REE-bearing phases such as apatite.

关键词： m.nazite petrochronology Phase equilibria m.delling Geochronology P-T-t paths

Identific tion of quantitative trait loci and associated candidate genes for pregnancy success in Angus–Brahm.n crossbred heifers

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Journal of Anim.l Science and Biotechnology 2024年第1期15卷 162-170页

作者： Quinn A.Hoorn Gabriel A.Zayas Eduardo E.Rodriguez Laura m.Jensen Raluca G.m.teescu Peter J.Hansen Departm.nt of Anim.l Sciences Donald Henry Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Programand the Genetics InstituteUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA School of Applied System. Biology La Trobe UniversityBundooraVIC 3083Australia

Background In beef cattle, m.re than 50% of the energy input to produce a unit of beef is consum.d by the fem.le that produced the calf. Developm.nt of genom.c tools to identify fem.les with high genetic m.rit for reproductive function could increase the profitability and sustainability of beef *** Genom.-wide association studies(GWAS) were perform.d using a single-step genom.c best linear unbiased prediction approach on pregnancy outcom. traits from.a population of Angus–Brahm.n crossbred heifers. Furtherm.re, a validation GWAS was perform.d using data from.another farm. Heifers were genotyped with the Bovine GGP F250 array that contains 221,077 SNPs. In the discovery population, heifers were bred in winter breeding seasons involving a single round of tim.d artificial insem.nation(AI) followed by natural m.ting for 3 m.nths. Two phenotypes were analyzed: pregnancy outcom. to first-service AI(PAI;n = 1,481) and pregnancy status at the end of the breeding season(PEBS;n = 1,725). The heritability was estim.ted as 0.149 and 0.122 for PAI and PEBS, respectively. In the PAI m.del, one quantitative trait locus(QTL), located between 52.3 and 52.5 m. on BTA7, explained about 3% of the genetic variation, in a region containing a cluster of γ-protocadherin genes and SLC25A2. Other QTLs explaining between 0.5% and 1% of the genetic variation were found on BTA12 and 25. In the PEBS m.del, a large QTL on BTA7 was synonym.us with the QTL for PAI, with m.nor QTLs located on BTA5, 9, 10, 11, 19, and 20. The validation population for pregnancy status at the end of the breeding season were Angus–Brahm.n crossbred heifers bred by natural m.ting. In concordance with the discovery population, the large QTL on BTA7 and QTLs on BTA10 and 12 were *** In sum.ary, QTLs and candidate SNPs identified were associated with pregnancy outcom.s in beef heifers, including a large QTL associated with a group of protocadherin genes. Confirm.tion of these associations

关键词： Beef cattle Fertility GWAS QTL