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Geochemistry and hydrocarbon source rock potential of shales from the Palaeo-Mesoproterozoic Vindhyan Supergroup, central India

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能源地球科学(英文) 2023年第3期4卷 276-295页

作者： Arvind Kumar singh Partha Pratim Chakraborty Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences 53 University RoadLucknow226007India Department of Geology University of DelhiNew Delhi110007India hiroshima Institute of Plate Convergence Region Research Hiroshima UniversityHigashi-Hiroshima7398526Japan

With increase in shale gas exploration, inorganic and organic geochemical investigations of shale have become extremely important. Here, we explore the six argillaceous (shale) intervals (Arangi, Koldaha, Rampur, Bijaygarh, Rewa and Sirbu shale) from Son valley sector, Vindhyan Basin with an aim to understand provenance conditions, palaeoclimate, tectonic setting and hydrocarbon generation potential. Whole rock geochemistry indicates Vindhyan sediments derived from felsic source(s) except for Sirbu shale that indicates additional influx of mafic rocks with differentiated felsic source. A comparative study of Vindhyan shale rare earth elements (REEs) points to Mahakoshals and Chhotanagpur gneissic complex (CGC) as probable sediment provenance for Vindhyan sediments. CIA analysis, after necessary corrections for K-metasomatism, suggests evolution in weathering and palaeoclimate indicating a transformation from moderate weathering conditions with warm and humid climate during lower Vindhyan deposition to intense weathering conditions with hot and humid climate during upper Vindhyan deposition. Trace (La/Y vs. Sc/Cr) and REE analysis indicates passive margin setting for Vindhyan sediments whereas a wide range spanning passive to active continental margin setting is also inferred using (Th-Sc-Zr/10) and (Th–La-Sc) ternary diagrams. However, these tectonic discriminant diagrams lack in explaining rift- or sag-related origin of any intracratonic basin such as the Vindhyan Basin. The total organic carbon (TOC) content in Vindhyan shales ranges from 0.29% to 8.44%. The thermally liberated hydrocarbon (S1) values range from 0.01 to 0.18 mg HC/g rock (milligram hydrocarbon per gram of rock sample), whereas hydrocarbon from cracking of the kerogen (S2) shows values ranging from 0.04 to 0.47 mg HC/g rock. Based on modified Van Krevelen correlation (hi vs. Tmax) diagram, organic matter from Arangi and Bijaygarh shales is characterized as thermally mature, Type III kerogen of gas

关键词： Shale geocheristry Provenance Organic matter Hydrocarbon potential VIndhyan basin

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Effects of in ovo delivered xylo-and mannan-oligosaccharides on growth performance,intestinal immunity,cecal short-chain fatty acids,and cecal microbiota of broilers

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第4期13卷 1099-1114页

作者： Amit Kumar singh Utsav Prakash Tiwari Birendra Mishra Rajesh Jha Department of Human Nutrition Food and Animal SciencesUniversity of Hawaii at Manoa1955 East-West RdHonoluluHI 96822USA

Background:This study investigated a novel in ovo feeding strategy to determine the prebiotic effects of xylo-and mannan-oligosaccharides(XOS and MOS)differing in the degree of polymerization.A total of 192 fertilized eggs were divided into 6 treatment groups:i)normal saline control(NSC),ii)xylotriose(XOS3),iii)xylotetraose(XOS4),iv)mannotriose(MOS3),v)mannotetraose(MOS4),and vi)no injection control(NIC),each containing 4 replicate trays with 8 eggs per *** d 17 of incubation,3 mg of oligosaccharides(except for controls)dissolved in 0.5 mL of 0.85%normal saline were injected into the amnion of Cobb 500 broilers *** hatch,the chicks were raised for 28 d under standard husbandry practices and were fed a commercial broilers diet ad libitum,and samples were collected ***:The hatchability,growth performance,and relative weights of breast,drumstick,liver,and proventriculus were not different among the treatments(P>0.05).The XOS3 injection increased the total short-chain fatty acid production at d 28 compared with both control groups(Phigher in the XOS4 group than both controls on the hatch day(P0.05).On the hatch day,the expression level of the CD3 gene(a T cell marker)was increased by XOS3,while the IL-10 gene(a marker of anti-inflammatory cytokine)was reduced by MOS4(Phibited a trend of reduction for IL-10(P=0.074).No cytokines or lymphocyte markers were affected by the treatments on d 7(P>0.05),except XOS4 increased IL-4 compared with NSC(Phigher operational taxonomic units(OTUs)and had more differentially abundant taxa,including order Lactobacillales and family Leuconostocaceae(P<0.05)than both controls on d *** predictive functional profiling indicated that the linoleic acid metabolism pathway w

关键词： Broilers Gut health Immunity in ovo Mannanoligosaccharides Microbiota Oligosaccharides Prebiotics Xylooligosaccharides

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Effects of supplemental xylanase and xylooligosaccharides on production performance and gut health variables of broiler chickens

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第1期13卷 166-180页

作者： Amit K.singh Birendra Mishra Michael R.Bedford Rajesh Jha Department of Human Nutrition Food and Animal SciencesUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHI 96822USA AB Vista Feed Ingredients MarlboroughWiltshireUK

Background:This study evaluated the effects of supplemental xylanase and xylooligosaccharides(XOS)in a cornsoybean meal(SBM)-based diet on growth performance and intestinal health of broilers.A total of 288 day-old chicks(Cobb 500)were allocated to 36 floor pens(8 birds/pen)equally in 9 dietary treatments in a 3×3 factorial *** treatments were combinations of 3 levels of xylanase(0,0.005% and 0.01% Econase XT)and 3 levels of prebiotics(0,0.005% and 0.01% XOS)added to basal mash diets formulated in three phases(starter,d 0-14;grower,d 15-28;finisher,d 29-42).The feed intake and body weights were recorded *** d 42,ileal sections were collected for histomorphometric and gene expression analysis,and cecal content was collected for determining short-chain fatty acids(SCFA)and ***:Xylanase linearly(P0.05).Supplemental xylanase and XOS did not affect average daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio(P>0.05).Xylanase and XOS did not change villus height(VH)or crypt depth(CD)ratio(P>0.05).However,xylanase exhibited a trend(P=0.097)on VH:CD *** inclusion of 0.01%XOS without xylanase increased the level of IL-10(a marker of anti-inflammatory cytokine)and IL-4(a T-cell differentiation cytokine)genes compared with control(Phile XOS had a tendency to increase(P=0.052).Alpha and beta diversity of microbiota among treatments were not different(P>0.05).However,the mean proportion of family Ruminococcaceae was increased by the supplemental 0.01% xylanase(Phile xylanase can increase the body weight gain along with the ferment

关键词： Gene expression histomorphology Microbiota Poultry Prebiotics Short-chain fatty acid Xylooligosaccharide

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Petrographic characteristics coals, Mahanadi Gondwana and paleomires of Mand-Raigarh Basin, Chhattisgarh, India

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2016年第2期3卷 165-183页

作者： A. S. Naik M. P. singh N. Volkmann P. K. singh D. Mohantya D. Kumar Banaras hindu University Varanasi India T U Bergakademie Freiberg Germany CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel ResearchDhanbad India

Mand-Raigarh coalfield is one of the largest coalfields in the Mahanadi basin. The Geological Survey of India carried out initial study primarily on exploration. However, detailed petrographic and geochemical characters of the coals have not been done so far. This investigation is an attempt for petrographic and geochemical appraisal of the coals. Moreover, effort is also made for possible interpretation on development of coal facies. The results drawn from 30 composite coal samples suggest coals are rich in vitrinite, with collotelinite as the dominant maceral while liptinite macerals register low concentration. Dominant mineral assemblages found were clay minerals, pyrite was recorded as disseminated, framboidal and euhedral forms, carbonates recorded were mainly siderites. The vitrinite reflectance random （VRo） mean values range from 0.44 % to 0.56 %, and the rank of coal is suggested as high volatile ＇B＇ to ＇A＇ sub- bituminous in rank. The rock-eval pyrolysis reveal TOC content varying from 37 % to 68.83 %, while low hydrocarbon generating potential is evident from low $2 and Tmax values. The Hydrogen Index （hi） versus Oxygen Index （OI） plot reveal that the samples belong to Kerogen type--II-III with input dominantly from terrestrial source, some samples also fall in Kerogen type--II domain indicating lacustrine input. Vitrinite reflectance result indicate that the samples are immature and approaching oil window, which is in agreement with data of the Rock-Eval parameters. The gelification index （GI） and tissue preservation index （TPI） indicate that the coal developed in a telematic set up with high tree density. The ground water index （GWI） and vegetation index （VI） demonstrate that the peat developed as an ombrogenous bog.

关键词： Mand-Raigarh coalfield Organic petrology Geochemistry Source rock

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Fermentation characteristics of resistant starch, arabinoxylan, andβ-glucan and their effects on the gut microbial ecology of pigs:A review

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Animal Nutrition 2019年第3期5卷 217-226页

作者： Utsav P.Tiwari Amit K.singh Rajesh Jha Department of Human Nutrition Food and Animal Sciences College of Tropical Agriculture and Human ResourcesUniversity of Hawaii at Manoa

Dietary fibers(DF)contain an abundant amount of energy,although the mammalian genome does not encode most of the enzymes required to degrade ***,a mutual dependence is developed between the host and symbiotic microbes,which has the potential to extract the energy present in these *** fibers escape digestion in the foregut and are fermented in the hindgut,producing shortchain fatty acids(SCFA)that after the microbial ecology in the gastrointestinal tract(GIT)of *** of the carbohydrates are fermented in the proximal part,allowing protein fermentation in the distal part,resulting in colonic *** structures of resistant starch(RS),arabinoxylan(AX),and β-glucan(βG)are complex;hence,makes their way into the hindgut where these are fermented and provide energy substrates for the colonic epithelial *** microbes have different preferences of binding to different *** RS,AX and βG act as a unique substrate for the microbes and modify the relative composition of the gut microbial *** granule dimension and surface area of each substrate are different,which influences the penetration capacity of *** and xylan are 2 different hemicelluloses,but arabinose is substituted on the xylan backbone and occurs in the form of *** of xylan produces butyrate primarily in the small intestine,whereas arabinose produces butyrate in the large *** of RS and forms of βG also exert beneficial effects by producing different metabolites and modulating the intestinal ***,it is important to have information of different types of RS,AX and(3 G and their roles in microbial modulation to get the optimum benefits of fiber fermentation in the *** review provides relevant information on the similarities and differences that exist in the way RS,AX,and βG are fermented,and their positive and negative effects on SCFA production and gut microbial ecology of *** insights will help nutr

关键词： Butyrate Fermentation Gut ecology Microbiota Short-chain fatty acids Swine

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Genetic variability and divergence studies in pod and seed traits of Pongamia pinnata(L.) Pierre., accessions in Bay Islands

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Journal of Forestry Research 2014年第2期25卷 351-358页

作者： I. Jaisankar M. Sankaran D.R. singh V. Damodaran Central Agricultural Research Institute Indian Council of Agricultural Research

In this study, we assessed the variability in pod, seed traits and oil content of 24 accessions of Pongamia pinnata collected from different parts of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. The experiment was conducted at the Central Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair during 2010 to 2011. The variability studies for pod and seed traits revealed that, the accession CPT-6 collected from New Wandoor in South Andaman recorded the maximum values for eight traits viz. pod length （75.51 mm）, pod width （34.62 mm）, pod thickness （17.55 mm）, 100 pod weight （770.33 g）, seed width （21.23 mm）, 100 seed weight （377.00 g）, oil percentage （43.92%） and germination percentage （94.7%）. However, the maximum seed length （26.46 mm） was recorded from CPT 2 and the maximum pod-seed ratio was obtained from CPT 13 and CPT 4 （2.50 and 2.44 respectively）. The phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variations were also close to each other for all traits, but the 100 pod and seed weight exhibited higher phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation than the other traits. Estimates of broad sense heritability ranged from 0.30 （for seed length） to 0.95 （pod length） and genetic ad- vance as percent of the mean ranged between 11.66% and 57.40% with seed length giving the lowest value and 100 pod weight giving the high- est value. Both the phenotypic and genotypic correlation between pod length, pod width, pod thickness, 100 pod weight, seed width and 100 seed weight and between pod thickness, 100 pod weight, seed width, 100 seed weight and germination percentage were found to be strong. On the basis of non hierarchical Euclidian cluster analysis, 24 accessions were grouped into six clusters. The maximum numbers of seven accessions were included in cluster VI. The maximum intra cluster distance （10.238）shown by cluster VI and the maximum inter cluster distance （17.021） between V and hi followed by III and II （15.942）. Among the six clus- ters formed the cluster III recorded maximum oil

关键词： Pongamia pinnata correlation heritabi!ity genetic gain genetic divergence oil percentage

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Screening of COVID-19 Patients Using Deep Learning and IoT Framework

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第12期69卷 3459-3475页

作者： Harshit Kaushik Dilbag singh Shailendra Tiwari Manjit Kaur Chang-Won Jeong Yunyoung Nam Muhammad Attique Khan Manipal University Jaipur India Bennett University Greater NoidaIndia Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology PatialaIndia Medical Convergence Research Center Wonkwang UniversityIksanKorea Department of Computer Science and Engineering Soonchunhyang UniversityAsanKorea Department of Computer Science HITEC UniversityTaxilaPakistan

In March 2020,the World Health Organization declared the coronavirus disease(COVID-19)outbreak as a pandemic due to its uncontrolled global *** transcription polymerase chain reaction is a laboratory test that is widely used for the diagnosis of this deadly ***,the limited availability of testing kits and qualified staff and the drastically increasing number of cases have hampered massive *** handle COVID19 testing problems,we apply the Internet of Things and artificial intelligence to achieve self-adaptive,secure,and fast resource allocation,real-time tracking,remote screening,and patient *** addition,we implement a cloud platform for efficient spectrum ***,we propose a cloudbased intelligent system for remote COVID-19 screening using cognitiveradio-based Internet of Things and deep ***,a deep learning technique recognizes radiographic patterns in chest computed tomography(CT)*** this end,contrast-limited adaptive histogram equalization is applied to an input CT scan followed by bilateral filtering to enhance the spatial *** image quality assessment of the CT scan is performed using the blind/referenceless image spatial quality ***,a deep transfer learning model,VGG-16,is trained to diagnose a suspected CT scan as either COVID-19 positive or *** results demonstrate that the proposed VGG-16 model outperforms existing COVID-19 screening models regarding accuracy,sensitivity,and *** results obtained from the proposed system can be verified by doctors and sent to remote places through the Internet.

关键词： Medical image analysis transfer learning vgg-16 image processing system pipeline quantitative evaluation internet of things

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Stability, Adaptability Analysis of Wheat Genotypes by AMMI with BLUP for Restricted Irrigated Multi Location Trials in Peninsular Zone of India

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Agricultural Sciences 2021年第3期12卷 198-212页

作者： Ajay Verma Gyanendra Pratap singh ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat & Barley Research Karnal India

highly significant effects of the environment (E), GxE interaction, and genotypes (G) had been observed by AMMI analysis for wheat genotypes evaluated under restricted irrigated timely sown multi-location trials in Peninsular zone of the country during 2018-19 and 2019-20 cropping seasons. Ranking of genotypes had changed with the number of interaction Principal Component Axes (IPCA’s) included for the calculation of Additive Main and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) based as well as Weighted Average of Absolute Scores (WAASB) stability measures. The Superiority indexes while assigning more weights to yield as compared to stability measures pointed out wheat genotypes MACS6695, hi1605, NIAW3170 & MACS6696 would maintain high yield and stable performance for the first year. Adaptability measures as per various averages expressed deviation from other measures and maintained right angle with MASV1 and stability measures. Moreover, the Superiority indexes as per various averages clustered in the same quadrant. Second-year of the study observed MP1358, NIAW3170, NIDW1149, MACS4087 wheat genotypes pointed by Superiority indexes. Adaptability measures as per arithmetic, geometric and harmonic means expressed strong bondage and grouped in a separate quadrant. This cluster maintained the right angle with stability measures and cluster of Superiority indexes as per various averages placed in a different quadrant. Superiority indexes would provide the reliable estimates of genotype performance in future studies in a biplot as considered all of significant IPCA’s.

关键词： AMMI Measures BLUP WAASB SI Biplot Analysis

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Precision phenotyping of contrasting potato(Solanum tuberosum L.) varieties in a novel aeroponics system for improving nitrogen use efficiency: In search of key traits and genes

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2020年第1期19卷 51-61页

作者： Jagesh K.TIWARI Sapna DEVI Tanuja BUCKSETH Nilofer ALI Rajesh K.singh Rasna ZINTA Vijay K.DUA Swarup K.CHAKRABARTI Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Potato Research Institute

With increasing population, degrading soil health, limited arable land area, and high cost of nitrogen(N) fertilizers, improving nitrogen use efficiency(NUE) of potato is an inevitable approach to save the environment and achieve sufficient tuber yields with less N fertilizer supply. Recently, we have developed an aeroponics system to study NUE in potato using genomics, physiology, and breeding approaches. This study aims on precision phenotyping of plants of two distinct potato varieties(Kufri Gaurav, N efficient;Kufri Jyoti, N inefficient) in the novel aeroponics system. Plants were grown in aeroponics under controlled conditions with low N(0.75 mmol L^-1NO3^-) and high N(7.5 mmol L^-1NO3^-) levels. Plant biomass, root traits, total chlorophyll content, and plant N were increased with increasing N supply, whereas higher NUE parameters namely NUE, agronomic NUE(Ag NUE), N uptake efficiency(NUp E), harvest index(hi), and N harvest index(Nhi) were observed at low N. An NUE efficient cv. Kufri Gaurav showed higher tuber dry weight, fresh tuber yield, tuber number per plant, early start of tuber harvesting, root traits, stolon traits, NUE parameters, and higher amino acid(aspartic acid and asparagine) content at low N supply. higher expression of nitrate reductase(NR), nitrite reductase(NIR), and asparagine synthetase(AS) genes was observed in the leaf tissues of Kufri Gaurav at high N. Thus, aeroponics-based precision phenotyping enables identification of NUE efficient genotypes based on key traits and genes involved in improving NUE in potato. Further, this study suggests that the potential of aeroponics can be utilized to investigate N biology in potato under different N regimes.

关键词： aeroponics precision phenotyping potato nitrogen use efficiency

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Obeticholic acid attenuates human immunodeficiency virus/alcohol metabolism-induced pro-fibrotic activation in liver cells

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World Journal of Hepatology 2020年第11期12卷 965-975页

作者： Moses New-Aaron Murali Ganesan Raghubendra singh Dagur Kusum K Kharbanda Larisa Y Poluektova Natalia A Osna Department of Environmental Agriculture and Occupational HealthCollege of Public HealthUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE 68105United States Research Service Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care SystemOmahaNE 68105United States Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE 68198United States

BACKGROUND The morbidity and mortality of human immunodeficiency virus(hiV)-infection is often associated with liver disease,which progresses slowly into severe liver *** are multiple insults which exacerbate hiV-related liver injury,including hiV-associated dysregulation of lipid metabolism and fat turnover,coinfections with hepatotropic viruses and alcohol *** we reported before,exposure of hepatocytes to hiV and alcohol metabolites causes high oxidative stress,impairs proteasomal and lysosomal functions leading to accumulation of hiV in these cells,which end-ups with apoptotic cell death and finally promotes development of liver *** To study whether obeticholic acid(OCA)prevents hiV/ethanol metabolisminduced hepatotoxicity and subsequent activation of hepatic stellate cells(HSC)by hiV+apoptotic hepatocyte *** Huh7.5-CYP(RLW)cells were exposed to hiV and acetaldehyde-generating system(AGS)in the presence or absence of *** the cells,we measured the expression of hiV-related markers:hiVgagRNA-by real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR),p24-by western blot,hiV DNA-by semi-nested PCR,integrated hiV DNA-by *** and proteasomal activities were measured using fluorometrically-labeled *** hepatocyte apoptosis,cleaved caspase 3 and cleaved PARP were visualized by western blot and cytokeratin 18-by M30 ELISA-in *** bodies were generated from untreated and hiV-treated RLW cells exposed to UV ***-fibrotic activation of HSC was characterized by Col1A1 and transforming growth factor-βmRNAs,while inflammasome activation-by NLRP3,caspase 1,interleukin(IL)-6,IL-1βmRNA *** In RLW cells,OCA treatment attenuated hiV-AGS-induced accumulation of hiVgagRNA,hiV DNA and *** suppressed reactive oxygen species production and restored chymotrypsin-like proteasome activity as well as cathepsin B lysosome *** also decreased hiV-AGS-triggered apoptosis in RLW *** of hi

关键词： Human immunodeficiency virus Liver Obeticholic acid Alcohol Hepatocytes Fibrosis

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