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The urgency of Agriculture Green Development

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2020年第1期7卷 108-109页

作者： Guido schmidt-TRAUB UN Sustainable Development Solutions Network(SDSN) New YorkNY 10115USA

As Shen et *** other authors lay out convincingly in this special issue,Agriculture Green Development(AGD)is an urgent imperative for China and the ***,high-productivity agriculture is vital for food security and economic development,particularly in a country like China,which comprises 20%of the world’s population but only has 8%of the arable land.

关键词： Agriculture Development land

Lost in transition： Forest transition and natural forest loss in tropical China

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Plant Diversity 2017年第3期39卷 149-153页

作者： Deli Zhai Jianchu Xu Zhicong Dai Dietrich schmidt-Vogt Centre for Mountain Ecosystem Studies (CMES) Kunming Institute of Botuny (CAS) Lanhei Road 132 Kunming 650201 China World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Central and East Asia Office Lanhei Road132 Kunming 650201 China Instituteof-Environment and Ecology School of the Environment and Safety Engineering fiangsu University No. 301 Xuefu Road Zhenjiang 212013 China Mountain Societies Research Institute University of Central Asia 138 Toktogul Street Bishkek 720001 Kyrgyzstan

The term forest transition refers to a change in forest cover over a given area from a period of net forest area loss to a period of net gain. Whether transitioning from deforestation to reforestation can lead to improved ecosystem services, depends on the quality and characteristics of the newly established forest cover. Using publicly available data, we examine forest transition in two regions of tropical China: Hainan Island and Xishuangbanna. We found that the overall increase of forest cover in both areas during the1980 s was due to an increase in plantation forests rather than to increases in the area covered by natural forest. We also found a time lag between the increase in overall forest cover and an increase in natural forest. On Hainan Island, natural forest continued to decline beyond the point in time when overall forest cover had started to increase, and only began to recover ten years after the turning point in 1978. In Xishuangbanna, where the transition point occurred ten years later, the decline of natural forest cover is still going on. These divergent trends underlying forest transition are concealed by the continued practice to apply the term "forest" broadly, without distinguishing between natural forests and planted *** to the use of undiscriminating terminology, the loss of natural forest may go unnoticed, increasing the risk of plantation forests displacing natural forests in the course of forest transition. Our findings are important for programs related to forest management and ecosystem services improvement, including reforestation and Payments for Ecosystem Services programs.

关键词： Deforestation Forest transition Rubber plantation Time lag Tropical China

Does kinship affect spatial organization in a small and isolated population of a solitary felid: The Eurasian lynx?

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Integrative Zoology 2016年第5期11卷 334-349页

作者： Krzysztof schmidt Francesca DAVOLI Rafał KOWALCZYK Ettore RANDI Mammal Research Institute Polish Academy of SciencesBiałowieżaPoland Laboratory of Genetics Institute for Environmental Protection and ResearchOzzano EmiliaItaly Aalborg University Department of BiotechnologyChemistry and Environmental EngineeringAalborgDenmark

Social organization in wild carnivores is mostly determined by patterns of family bonds,which may shape the degree of relatedness among individuals in the *** studied kinship in a small and isolated population of a solitary carnivore,the Eurasian lynx(Lynx lynx)to evaluate its effect on spatial distribution of *** investigated the relationship between spatial location and pair-wise kinship among 28 lynx individuals identified in 2004-2011 by telemetry,non-invasive sampling and genotyping with the use of 12 autosomal microsatellites in the Białowieża Primeval Forest,*** average relatedness of the lynx population was relatively low(Lynch and Ritland’s R=0.03).Females were significantly more related to each other than males with other *** inferred pedigree showed that the population was dominated by only 2 familial *** did not find significant correlations between the relatedness and the extent of home range overlap or the straight-line distances between the home ranges’central *** results suggest that the dynamics of kinship in this solitary felid may not differ from the random mating processes described in social *** the chances of random mating could be limited to a few resident males and females,the presence of unrelated floaters may provide a“breeding buffer”that may prevent an increase of relatedness and likely inbreeding in the pop*** system is likely to fail in preserving genetic diversity in small,highly isolated populations;therefore,restoring habitat connectivity is crucial to ensure sufficient immigration from neighboring populations.

关键词： genetic variability inbreeding mating system relatedness social organization

Shuram-Wonoka carbon isotope excursion:Ediacaran revolution in the world ocean's meridional overturning circulation

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Geoscience Frontiers 2018年第2期9卷 391-402页

作者： George E.Williams Phillip W.schmidt Department of Earth Sciences University of Adelaide MagneticEarth

The late Ediacaran Shuram-Wonoka excursion, with δ^(13)C_(carb) values as low as-12‰(PDB) in marineshelf deposits and spanning up to 10 Myr, is the deepest and most protracted δ^(13)C_(carb) negative anomaly recognised in Earth history. The excursion formed on at least four continents in low(≤32°) palaeolatitudes, and in China is associated with a major phosphogenic event. Global and intrabasinal correlation, magnetostratigraphy, isotope conglomerate tests and further geochemical data are consistent with a primary or syn-depositional origin for the excursion. Continental-margin phosphorites are generated by oceanic upwelling driven by surface winds, and δ^(13)C_(carb) negative anomalies are explicable by oceanic upwelling of 13 C-depleted deep oceanic waters, arguing that a feature common to these exceptional Ediacaran events was unprecedented perturbation of the world ocean. These events occurred during the transition from an alien Proterozoic world marked by low-palaeolatitude glaciation near sea level and strong seasonality to the familiar Phanerozoic Earth with circum-polar glaciation and temperate climate, suggesting that the Shuram-Wonoka excursion is related to this profound change in Earth's climate system. Of various hypotheses for Proterozoic low-palaeolatitude glaciation, only the high obliquity(>54°) hypothesis, which posits secular decrease in obliquity to near the present-day value(23.5°) during the Ediacaran, predicts an unparalleled revolution in the Ediacaran world ocean. The obliquity controls the sense of the world ocean's meridional overturning circulation, which today is driven by the sinking of cold, dense water at the poles and upwelling driven by zonal surface *** the decreasing obliquity passed the critical value of 54° during the Ediacaran the meridional temperature gradient reversed, with the equator becoming warmer than the poles and Hadley lowlatitude(<30°-35°) atmospheric zonal circulation reversing. This reversal of the temperat

关键词： Ediacaran Shuram-Wonoka carbon isotope excursion Oceanic meridional circulation Atmospheric circulation Proterozoic paleoclimate Obliquity of the ecliptic

Analysis of the Vibrissa Parametric Resonance Causing a Signal Amplification during Whisking Behaviour

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2016年第2期13卷 312-323页

作者： Tatiana Volkova Igor Zeidis Hartmut Witte Manuela schmidt Klaus Zimmermann Technische Universiat Ilmenau Technical Mechanics Group 98693 Max-Planck-Ring 12 Ilmenau Germany Technische Universitat Ilmenau Biomechatronics Group 98693 Max-Planck-Ring 12 Ilmenau Germany Friedrich-Schiller-Universitat Jena Institute of Systematic Zoology and Evolutionary Biology with Phyletic Museum 07743 Erbertstrafle 1 Jena Germany

The paper deals with the mechanical vibrational motion ofvibrissae during natural exploratory behaviour of mammals. The theoretical analysis is based on a mechanical model of a cylindrical beam with circular natural configuration under an applied periodic force at the tip, which corresponds to the surface roughness of an investigated object. The equation of motion of the beam is studied using the Euler-Bemoulli beam theory and asymptotic methods of mechanics. It is shown that from the me- chanical point of view the phenomenon of parametric resonance of the vibrissa is possible. It means that the amplitude of forced vibrations of a vibrissa increases exponentially with time, if it is stimulated within a specific resonance frequency range, which depends on biomechanical parameters of the vibrissa. The most intense parametric resonance occurs, when the excitation frequency is close to the doubled natural frequency of free vibrations. Thus, it may be used to distinguish and amplify specific periodic components of a complex roughness profile during texture discrimination.

关键词： vibrissa whisking vibration tactile sensor beam theory parametric resonance

Endocrine therapy in metastatic breast cancer-more than just CDK4/6 inhibitors

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Journal of Cancer Metastasis and Treatment 2023年第1期9卷 399-420页

作者： Annika Droste Marcus schmidt Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University Medical Center MainzMainz 55131Germany

Advanced hormone receptor-positive breast cancer is one of the women’s most common malignant diseases and remains incurable despite recent therapeutic *** dependence of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer on hormonal growth signals offers the possibility of inhibiting this signaling pathway using anti-hormonal ***,the development of resistance to antitumoral drugs remains a ***-targeted substances significantly improve survival rates and(as in the case of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 inhibitors)are widely used in clinical practice and enhance endocrine therapy’s *** such as everolimus,alpelisib,and capivasertib target the phosphoinositide 3 kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway,which is a promising approach to overcoming endocrine *** therapies are being studied in numerous trials,and some already show significant benefits in survival *** development of new therapies to avert endocrine resistance is an urgent challenge in modern *** following review will examine some promising therapeutic approaches.

关键词： Advanced hormone receptor-positive breast cancer endocrine resistance CDK4/6 inhibitor molecularly-targeted substances

Utilisation and Management Changes in South Kyrgyzstan's Mountain Forests

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Journal of Mountain Science 2005年第2期2卷 91-104页

作者： Matthias schmidt Institute of Geography University of Erlangen-NuernbergKochstr.4/4D-91054 Erlangen

Using political ecology as its conceptual framework,this paper focuses on the changes in forest utilisation and management of South Kyrgyzstan’s walnut-fruit forests over the last century. The aim of this study on human-environment interactions is to investigate the relationship between actors on the one side,their interests and demands,and the forests and forested lands on the other. Forest resource utilisation and management — and even the recognition of different forest products as resources — are connected with political and socio-economic conditions that change with time. The walnut-fruit forests of South Kyrgyzstan are unique,characterised by high biodiversity and a multiplicity of usable products;and they have been utilised for a long time. Centralised and formal management of the forests started with the Russian occupation and was strengthened under Soviet rule,when the region became a part of the USSR. During this era,a state forest administration that was structured from Moscow all the way down to the local level drew up detailed plans and developed procedures for utilising the different forest products. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union,the socio-political and economic frame conditions have changed significantly,which has brought not only the sweeping changes in the managing institutions,but also the access rights and interests in the forest resources. At present,the region is suffering from a high unemployment rate,which has resulted in the forests’ gaining considerable importance in the livelihood strategies of the local population. Political and economic liberalization,increased communication and trans-regional exchange relations have opened the door for international companies and agents interested in the valuable forest products. Today,walnut wood and burls,walnuts,wild apples and mushrooms are all exported to various countries in the world. Scientists and members of various international organisations stress the ecological value of the forests

关键词： Kyrgyzstan Tian Shan walnut-fruit forest political ecology resource management forest utilisation

Quantifying the effect of persistent dryer climates on forest productivity and implications for forest planning:a case study in northern Germany

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Forest Ecosystems 2018年第4期5卷 451-471页

作者： Matthias Albert Ralf-Volker Nagel Johannes Sutmoller Matthias schmidt Department of Forest Growth Northwest German Forest Research Institute GottingenGermany Department of Environmental Control Northwest German Forest Research InstituteGottingenGermany.

Background: Forest management decisions are based on expectations of future developments. For sound decisions it is essential to accurately predict the expected values in future developments and to account for their inherent uncertainty,for example the impact of climate change on forests. Changing climatic conditions affect forest productivity and alter the risk profile of forests and forest enterprises. Intensifying drought stress is seen as one major risk factor threatening forest management in the north German lowlands. Drought stress reduces tree growth and vitality and might even trigger mortality. But so far, it is not possible to quantify effects of a persistent dryer climate on forest productivity at a level suitable for forest ***: We apply a well-established single-tree forest growth simulator to quantify the effect of persistent dryer climates on future forest productivity. We analyse the growth of Scots pine(Pinus sylvestris L.), European beech(Fagus sylvatico L.) and oak(Quercus robur L. and Quercus petraea(Matt.) Liebl.) in two forest regions in the north German lowlands for a time interval of 60 years until 2070. The growth response under three different climate projections is compared to a baseline ***: The results show clear differences in volume increment to persistent dryer climates between tree species. The findings exhibit regional differences and temporal trends. While mean annual increment at biological rotation age of Scots pine and oak predominantly benefits from the projected climate conditions until 2070, beech might suffer losses of up to 3 m^3·ha^(-1)yr^(-1) depending on climate scenario and region. However, in the projection period2051 to 2070 the uncertainty ranges comprise positive as well as negative climatic effects for all ***: The projected changes in forest growth serve as quantitative contributions to provide decision support in the evaluation of, for example, species future site suita

关键词： Climate change Forest growth Forest productivity Persistent dryer climate simulation study Uncertainty

EXPERIENCE WITH THERMOMECHANICAL FATIGUE UNDER SERVICE-TYPE LOADING

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2004年第4期17卷 407-413页

作者： A.Scholz A.schmidt A.Samir C.Berger Institute of Materials Technology Darmstadt University of Technology Grafenstrasse 2 D-64283 Darmstadt GermanyInstitute of Materials Technology Darmstadt University of Technology Grafenstrasse 2 D-64283 Darmstadt GermanyInstitute of Materials Technology Darmstadt University of Technology Grafenstrasse 2 D-64283 Darmstadt GermanyInstitute of Materials Technology Darmstadt University of Technology Grafenstrasse 2 D-64283 Darmstadt Germany

The thermomechanical fatigue behaviour of different high temperature alloys has been investigated and is under investigation respectively. The creep-fatigue behaviour of heat resistant steels was investigated by long-term service-type strain cycling tests simulating thermomechanical fatigue (TMF-) loading conditions at the heated surface of e.g. turbine rotors. Single-stage as well as three-stage cycles leads to similar results at the application of the damage accumulation rule. Life prediction which simulates typical combinations of cold starts, warm starts and hot starts has been established successfully for isothermal service-type loading and will be exceeded for thermomechanical loading. Long-term thermomechanical fatigue testing of Thermal Barrier Coating systems show typical delamination damage. An advanced TMF cruciform testing system enables complex multiaxial loading.

关键词： thermomechanical fatigue multi-stage service-type loading thermal barrier coating cruciform testing long-term experiment