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Diagnosis of gastric epithelial neoplasia:Dilemma for Korean pathologists

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第21期17卷 2602-2610页

作者： Joon mee Kim mee-Yon Cho Jin Hee Sohn Dae Young Kang Cheol Keun Park Woo Ho Kim So-Young Jin Kyoung mee Kim Hee Kyung chang Eunsil Yu Eun Sun Jung mee soo chang Jong Eun Joo mee Joo Youn Wha Kim Do Youn Park Yun Kyung Kang Sun Hoo Park Hye Seung Han Young Bae Kim Ho Sung Park Yang Seok Chae Kye Won Kwon Hee Jin chang The Gastrointestinal Pathology Study Group of Korean Society of Pathologists Department of Pathology Inha University Hospital Department of Pathology Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine Wonju Christian Hospital Department of Pathology Sungkyunkwan University School of MedicineKangbuk Samsung Medical Center Department of Pathology Chungnam National University College of Medicine Department of Pathology Sungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSamsung Medical Center Department of Pathology Seoul National University College of Medicine Department of Pathology Soonchunhyang University Hospital Department of Pathology Kosin University College of Medicine Department of Pathology University of Ulsan College of MedicineAsan Medical Center Department of Pathology The Catholic University of KoreaSeoul St.Mary's Hospital Department of Pathology Seoul National University Boramae Hospital Department of Pathology Eulji General Hospital Department of Pathology Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital Department of Pathology Kyunghee University College of Medicine Department of Pathology Pusan National University College of Medicine Department of Pathology Inje University Seoul Paik Hospital Department of Pathology Korea Cancer Center Hospital Department of Pathology Konkuk University Medical Center Department of Pathology Ajou University School of Medicine Department of Pathology Chonbuk National University Medical School Department of Pathology Korea University College of Medicine Department of Pathology Bundang Jesaeng Hospital Department of Pathology National Cancer Center The Korean Society of Pathologists 4FThe Korean Medical Association BuildingSeoul 140-721South Korea

The histopathological diagnosis of gastric mucosal biopsy and endoscopic mucosal resection/endoscopic submucosal dissection specimens is important,but the diagnostic criteria,terminology,and grading system are not the same in the East and West.A structurally invasive focus is necessary to diagnose carcinoma for most Western pathologists,but Japanese pathologists make a diagnosis of cancer based on severe dysplastic cytologic atypia irrespective of the presence of *** the Vienna classification was introduced to reduce diagnostic discrepancies,it has been difficult to adopt due to different concepts for gastric epithelial neoplastic *** pathologists experience much difficulty making a diagnosis because we are influenced by Japanese pathologists as well as Western *** is geographically close to Korea,and academic exchanges are ***,Korean doctors are familiar with Western style medical *** a result,the terminology,definitions,and diagnostic criteria for gastric intraepithelial neoplasia are very heterogeneous in *** solve this problem,the Gastrointestinal Pathology Study Group of the Korean Society of Pathologists has made an effort and has suggested guidelines for differential diagnosis:(1) a diagnosis of carcinoma is based on invasion;(2) the most important characteristic of low grade dysplasia is the architectural pattern such as regular distribution of crypts without severe branching,budding,or marked glandular crowding;(3) if nuclear pseudostratification occupies more than the basal half of the cryptal cells in three or more adjacent crypts,the lesion is considered high grade dysplasia;(4) if severe cytologic atypia is present,careful inspection for invasive foci is necessary,because the risk for invasion is very high;and(5) other structural or nuclear atypia should be evaluated to make a final decision such as cribriform pattern,papillae,ridges,vesicular nuclei,high nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio,loss

关键词： Intraepithelial neoplasia Stomach Dysplasia Adenoma Carcinoma Japanese Western Consensus Vienna

Redescription of Cobitis longipectoralis Zhou, 1992 (Cypriniformes: Cobitidae) from late early Miocene of East China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2010年第7期53卷 945-955页

作者： chang mee-Mann Key Laboratory of Evolutionary Systematics of Vertebrates Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Palaeoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences

Here we revise a fossil cobitid species ■Cobitis longipectoralis Zhou, 1992, based mainly on a well-preserved specimen collected recently from the taxon’s type locality of the late early Miocene of Shanwang, Shandong Province, East China. The new specimen, along with those collected by Zhou, enables us to provide an emended diagnosis and more detailed description of the species by focusing on the characters such as the structures of the suborbital spine and the presence and shape of the lamina circularis at the base of the second pectoral fin ray in adult males, the presence of a frontoparietal fontanelle, and a quad- rate-metapterygoid fenestra, etc. The long pectoral fin, initially considered by Zhou as the most important character of the spe- cies, however, turns out to be not diagnostic for the species. ■Cobitis longipectoralis Zhou, 1992 is not only the most informative and best-preserved early cobitid fossil known thus far but also the only and earliest cobitid fossil from East Asia.

关键词： Cobitis longipectoralis late early Miocene East China

A new Eocene catostomid (Teleostei: Cypriniformes) from northeastern China and early divergence of Catostomidae

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Science China Earth Sciences 2009年第2期52卷 189-202页

作者： chang mee-mann Key Laboratory of Evolutionary Systematics of Vertebrates Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences

A new Eocene catostomid genus and species,Plesiomyxocyprinus arratiae, is described from Huadian, Jilin Province, northeastern China. The materials include a nearly complete skeleton, dozens of pharyngeal bones with teeth, and a number of disarticulated bones. The new articulated specimen is large-sized and deep-bodied, with an estimated standard length of ca. 300 mm and body depth of 156 mm or about half of its standard length. The assignment of the fish to the Catostomidae is based on its falciform pharyngeal bone with one row of numerous (more than 50) compressed teeth, and the bone is much smaller than in cyprinids, especially given the size of the fish. The new fish distinguishes itself from all known catostomids (both extinct and extant) in its long anal fin with four unbranched and 17-18 branched rays, and its extremely short caudal peduncle that is only about one fourth of its depth. Plesiomyxocyprinus arratiae resembles the Eocene-Oligocene transpacific-distributed Amyzon in many general skeletal characters. However, it shows a few characters uniquely shared with the Recent catostomid Myxocyprinus asiaticus. Those include a very long dorsal fin with about 50 branched fin rays, the end of dorsal fin rays being close to the caudal fin base, and anal rays stretching posteriorly beyond the base of caudal fin. It is the first fossil catostomid that shows a close relationship to the endemic Myxocyprinus now living in the Yangtze River and Minjiang River, China. The discovery of Plesiomyxocyprinus arratiae, along with two previously described possible catostomid genera Jianghanichthys and Vasnetzovia, may indicate that the divergence of the Catostomidae started much earlier, in the middle Eocene or earlier, on the western side of the Pacific than on its eastern side.

关键词： a new catostomid genus Eocene northeastern China early divergence

Pliocene cyprinids (Cypriniformes,Teleostei) from Kunlun Pass Basin,northeastern Tibetan Plateau and their bearings on development of water system and uplift of the area

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Science China Earth Sciences 2010年第4期53卷 485-500页

作者： chang mee-mann Key Laboratory of Evolutionary Systematics of Vertebrates Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of Sciences

Here described are the cyprinid fossils from the Pliocene Lower Member of Qiangtang Formation of the Kunlun Pass Basin,northeastern Tibetan Plateau,collected at a locality 4769 m above the sea level(asl).The materials consist of numerous disarticulated and incomplete bones as well as thousands of pharyngeal teeth,fin rays,and *** fossils were referred to the genus Gymnocypris,lineage Schizothoracini,family Cyprinidae;the lineage Schizothoracini;and the family Cyprinidae *** Schizothoracini is a freshwater fish group endemic to the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding *** workers on living schizothoracins regarded that Gymnocypris belongs to the highly specialized grade of the group,colonizing higher altitudes than other members of the *** species are so far unequivocally assigned to the genus,i.e.,*** and ***,and they are inhabiting Qinghai Lake and the waters on both north(the Golmud River) and south(upper reach of the Yellow River) sides of the East Kunlun Mountain,*** abundant fossil schizothoracins occur in the Kunlun Pass Basin on the southern slope of the East Kunlun Mountain(at 4769 m asl),close to the present Golmud River,indicating comparatively rich waters in the area and possible connections between the water systems on north and south sides of the East Kunlun Mountain during the *** also suggests a more humid climate in the area during the Pliocene than it is *** presence of the highly specialized schizothoracin Gymnocypris may also imply less amplitude of uplift(approximately 1000 m) in the area since the Pliocene than previously proposed.

关键词： Gymnocypris Schizothoracini Pliocene Kunlun Pass Basin of northeastern Tibetan Plateau development of water system uplift of the area

Fossil pharyngeal teeth of grass carp group and their implications for evolution, temporal and spatial distribution pattern, and paleoenvironment

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Science China Earth Sciences 2021年第11期64卷 1844-1859页

作者： Ruifeng SU mee-Mann chang Gengjiao CHEN Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins Institute of Vertebrate of Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100044China Beijing Institutes of Life Science Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment Beijing 100044China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Bejing 100049China Natural History Museum of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Nanning 530012China

Grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella)is a cyprinid species,widely living in the freshwater on the plain area of East *** fish has characteristic comb-like pharyngeal teeth,an adaptation to their typical vegetarian feeding *** paper deals with fossil pharyngeal teeth that related to grass carp,found from about 20 localities,ranging from the lower Oligocene to *** on the morphology of the teeth,we established two new genera and species related to the genus Ctenopharyngodon(Dezaoia saintjaquensis,Eoctenopharyngodon liui)and two new species of Ctenopharyngodon(*** and ***).The first recognized *** pharyngeal teeth were from the lower Pliocene of Yushe,Shanxi,and many others from 11 Pleistocene to Holocene *** from the materials and their occurrences,the grass carp may have originated from the western part of China during the early *** the Miocene,the grass-carp-like pharyngeal teeth were discovered from a vast area in China,indicating an appropriate atmosphere for the grass carp to develop,although the climate in the western part of China was possibly drier than that in the eastern *** the beginning of the Pliocene,as the consequence of a considerable uplift of the Tibetan Plateau,the large rivers in East Asia finally formed,created favorable conditions for the Recent grass carp to *** teeth were collected in association with fossil ***,we are using the associated fossil mammals as the checking reference against which to test our interpretation of the surrounding environment of the water system in which the grass carp lived.

关键词： Comb-like pharyngeal teeth Grass carp and grass-carp-like fish Evolution Development of environment

A new early cyprinin from Oligocene of South China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2011年第4期54卷 481-492页

作者： CHEN GengJiao chang mee-mann Natural History Museum ofGuangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Nanning 530012 China Key Laboratory of Evolutionary Systematics of Vertebrates Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044 China

Here we describe tHuashancyprinus robustispinus, gen. et sp. nov, a fossil cyprinin fish from the Oligocene of Ningming Ba- sin, Guangxi, South China. It differs from all other cyprinin fishes in the following apomorphic characters： extremely robust last unbranched dorsal and anal fin rays with very fine serrations along posterior edge, the crowns of pharyngeal teeth A2 and A3 with a number of deep grooves on the lateral wall, rather large A3, and relatively deep infraorbital 2. Among the members of the Tribe Cyprinini sensu stricto, it mostly resembles the extant genus Cyprinus, particularly to species Cyprinus micristius and C. fuxianensis, which are restricted to Yunnan, southwestern China. The discovery of the cyprinin Huashancyprinus from southern China, along with the previously known late Eocene tCyprinus maomingensis, indicates an early branching of the Cyprininae （Cyprinidae） in this area.

关键词： new early cyprinin Oligocene South China

Discovery of fossil Nemacheilids (Cypriniformes,Teleostei,Pisces) from the Tibetan Plateau,China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2012年第5期55卷 714-727页

作者： WANG Ning chang mee-mann Key Laboratory of Evolutionary Systematics of Vertebrates Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of Sciences

Here described are the nemacheilid fossils from the Pliocene Lower Member of Qiangtang Formation in the Kunlun Pass Basin,northeastern Tibetan Plateau,at a locality 4769 m above the sea level (a.s.l.).The materials consist of numerous disarticulated and incomplete *** fish remains are assigned to the Nemacheilidae based on the fused compound centrum of the 2nd and 3rd vertebrae with developed bifurcate lateral processes of the 2nd *** fossils also include the maxilla,the dentary,the anguloarticular,the quadrate,the hyomandibular,the opercle,the basihyal,the urohyal,the anterior ceratohyal,the posterior ceratohyal,the interhyal and the *** bones are very similar to their counterparts in some species of a Recent nemacheilid genus,Triplophysa (Nemacheilidae,Cypriniformes),which is widely distributed on the Tibetan *** nemacheilid fossils are much more abundant than the remains of schizothoracines embedded in the same horizon at the same *** would imply that the number of individuals of Triplophysa was much higher than that of schizothoracines when they were alive in the *** Recent ichthyofauna of the Tibetan Plateau,Triplophysa prevails over schizothoracines in the number of individuals in the high elevations and small water *** on the fossil dominance of Triplophysa over schizothoracines and their taphonomical conditions,it appears that the water system at the Kunlun Pass area during the Pliocene might not be extensive lakes or large rivers with broad *** might have been a few mountainous,relatively torrential rivers with many small,shallow streams connecting the water systems from the north and south of the East Kunlun *** environment of the Kunlun Pass Basin area during the Pliocene must be very harsh,and the altitude of the area might already have been higher than we previously *** uplift of the area must be less than 1000 m since the Pliocene.

关键词： Nemacheilidae Triplophysa Pliocene Kunlun Pass Basin northeastern Tibetan Plateau

Revision of Cyprinus maomingensis Liu 1957 and the first discovery of Procypris-hke cyprinid(Teleostei, Pisces) from the late Eocene of South China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2015年第7期58卷 1123-1132页

作者： CHEN GengJiao chang mee-Mann LIU HuanZhang Natural History Museum of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and PalaeontologyChinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolutionary and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Hydrobiology Chinese Academy of Sciences

Fossil cyprinids from the upper part of the upper Eocene Youganwo Formation of Maoming, Guangdong, China were first studied in 1957 by Liu, who referred the only specimen to the genus Cyprinus as a new species, C. maomingensis. And this was suggested as one of the earliest records for fossil cyprinids. Unfortunately, this specimen is poorly preserved and reveals no more morphological information than its serrated last unbranched dorsal and anal fin rays. Recently, some new specimens were unearthed from the same locality, where C. maomingensis was discovered. In addition to the serrated dorsal and anal fin rays, these new materials also show that the pattern and shape of their pharyngeal teeth obviously differ from that of Cyprinus but resemble that of Procypris. However, its number of the branched dorsal fin rays and number of vertebrae are much less than that in Procypris. Morphologically, these specimens are closer to Procypris than to Cyprinus. This is the first report of fossil Procypris-like fish, and it implies that Procypris-like fish is an early member of the Tribe Cyprinini sensu stricto(sensu Yang et al., 2010) and the origin of this group can be traced back at least to the late Eocene.

关键词： late Eocene Procypris-like fish South China

Velocity Profiles between Two Baffles in a Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger

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Journal of Thermal Science 2015年第4期24卷 356-363页

作者： Tae-Hyun chang chang-Hoan Lee Hae-soo Lee Kwon-soo Lee Senior Research Fellow of RESEAT Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information Postdoctoral Research Fellow School of Mechanical Engineering of Kyungnam University International University of Korea

Heat exchangers are extensively utilized for waste heat recovery,oil refining,chemical processing,and steam *** this study,velocity profiles are measured using a 3D particle image velocimetry(PIV)system between two baffles in a shell and tube heat exchanger for parallel and counter *** PIV and computational fluid dynamics results show the occurrence of some strong vectors near the *** vectors are assumed due to the clearance between the inner tubes and the front ***,the major parts of the vectors are moved out through the bottom opening of the rear baffle,and other vectors produce a large circle between the two *** simulations are conducted to investigate the effects of the baffle on the heat exchanger using the Fluent *** k-εturbulence model is employed to calculate the flows along the heat exchanger.

关键词： Baffle P1V Shell and tube heat exchanger Cut off ratio CFD