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Optical probing of ultrafast laser-induced solid-to-overdense-plasma transitions

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第5期13卷 973-984页

作者： Yasmina Azamoum Georg Alexander Becker Sebastian Keppler Guillaume Duchateau Stefan Skupin Mickael Grech Fabrice Catoire Sebastian hell Issa Tamer Marco Hornung Marco hellwing Alexander Kessler Franck Schorcht Malte Christoph Kaluza GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung Planckstr.164291 DarmstadtGermany. Helmholtz Institute Jena Fröbelstieg 307743 JenaGermany. Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics Friedrich-SchillerUniversität JenaMax-Wien-Platz 107743 JenaGermany. CEA-CESTA 15 Avenue des SablièresCS6000133116 Le BarpCedexFrance Institut Lumière Matière UMR 5306-CNRSUniversitéde Lyon 169622 VilleurbanneFrance. LULI CNRSCEASorbonne UniversitéInstitut Polytechnique de ParisPalaiseauFrance. Universitéde Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA CELIAUMR 5107 TalenceFrance

Understanding the solid target dynamics resulting from the interaction with an ultrashort laser pulse is a challenging fundamental multi-physics problem involving atomic and solid-state physics,plasma physics,and laser *** of the initial interplay of the underlying processes is essential to many applications ranging from lowpower laser regimes like laser-induced ablation to high-power laser regimes like laser-driven ion *** the properties of the so-called pre-plasma formed as the laser pulse’s rising edge ionizes the target is complicated from the theoretical and experimental point of view,and many aspects of this laser-induced transition from solid to overdense plasma over picosecond timescales are still open *** the one hand,laser-driven ion acceleration requires precise control of the pre-plasma because the efficiency of the acceleration process crucially depends on the target properties at the arrival of the relativistic intensity peak of the *** the other hand,efficient laser ablation requires,for example,preventing the so-called“plasma shielding”.By capturing the dynamics of the initial stage of the interaction,we report on a detailed visualization of the pre-plasma formation and ***-thin diamond-like carbon foils are shown to transition from solid to plasma during the laser rising edge with intensities<10^(16)W/cm^(2).Single-shot near-infrared probe transmission measurements evidence sub-picosecond dynamics of an expanding plasma with densities above 10^(23)cm^(−3)(about 100 times the critical plasma density).The complementarity of a solid-state interaction model and kinetic plasma description provides deep insight into the interplay of initial ionization,collisions,and expansion.

关键词： laser acceleration solid

Minimization of methabenzthiazuron residues in leaching water using amended soils and photocatalytic treatment with TiO_2 and ZnO

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2014年第4期26卷 757-764页

作者： Jos Fenoll Pilar Flores Pilar hellín Joaquín Hern'andez Simón Navarro Department of Food Quality Murcia Institute of Agri-Food Research and Development Department of Agricultural Chemistry Geology and Pedology School of Chemistry University of Murcia Campus Universitario de Espinardo

In the present work, potential groundwater pollution by methabenzthiazuron （MTBU） and the effect of three different amendments （composted sheep manure, composted pine bark and spent coffee grounds） on its mobility were investigated under laboratory conditions. The efficiency of ZnO and TiO2 suspensions in the photocatalytic degradation of MTBU in leaching water was also investigated. The relative and cumulative breakthrough curves were obtained from disturbed soil columns. The presence and/or addition of organic matter drastically reduced the movement of the herbicide. On other hand, photocatalytic experiments showed that the addition of ZnO and TiO2 strongly enhances the degradation rate of this herbicide compared with the results of photolytic experiments under artificial light. ZnO appeared to be more effective in MTBU oxidation than TiO2. The results obtained point to the interest of using organic wastes and heterogeneous photocatalysis for reducing the pollution of groundwater by pesticide drainage.

关键词： groundwater pollution organic amendment pesticide movement photocatalytic oxidation semiconductor oxides

Xenoliths Evidence of Alkaline Magmatic Infiltrations Beneath Lake Nyos (Cameroon Volcanic Line, West Africa)

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Open Journal of Geology 2022年第6期12卷 433-459页

作者： Merlin Isidore Teitchou Joseph Legrand Tchop Michel Grégoire Pauline Wokwenmendam Nguet Eddy Ferdinand Mbossi Jacques Dili-Rake Joseph Victor hell Institute for Geological and Mining Research Buea Cameroon Geosciences-Environnement Toulouse Toulouse France

Xenoliths enclosed in Lavas of the Nyos volcano (Cameroon Volcanic Line, continental sector) range from fertile lherzolites to harzburgites. One spinel-free wehrlite has been also sampled. The occurrence of phlogopites and pargasites in some harzburgites together with specific textural rock-type (lherzolites transitional porphyroclastic to equigranular), including major and trace element compositions both in peridotites bulk rocks and minerals point out interactions between the mantle and basaltic magmas responsible for the formation of wehrlites beneath the Nyos volcano. Hydrous minerals (phlogopites and pargasites) and metasomatic events are their main petrogeochemical signatures different from group 1 samples which are characterized by spoon-shaped REE patterns. Later on, hydrous phases, Ti-rich Cpx, CaO rich Ol, Ti, and V rich Ol wehrlite precipitated from melt enrichments due to the percolation of the mantle by basaltic magmas of alkaline affinity. The metasomatic liquid which percolates the Nyos mantle column was a dense alkaline silicate rich in volatile, displaying low HFSE abundances in the metasomatic hydrous melts compared to the LILE. It is suggested that Nyos mantle peridotites have experienced: 1) variable metasomatic events related to the percolating of the depleted mantle by a alkaline silicate liquid, 2) the spinel-free wehrlite is a group 2 sample corresponding to a cumulate of a similar melt, 3) amphibole may be a potassium-bearing mineral instead of or in addition to phlogopite at shallower levels of Nyos upper mantle and 4) transitional textural rock facies express also the fingerprint of rising mantle plume which were percolated by alkaline magma during their transit to the surface.

关键词： Nyos Wehrlites Hydrous Minerals Alkaline Silicate Melt Percolation

Rock V Roll High School

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当代外语研究 2006年第12期 36-37页

作者： Richard hell 纪家举

乐迷朋友们对CBGB这个名字或许并不陌生,其全称是Country Bluegrass Blues(乡村草根蓝调音乐)。这是一个充满传奇色彩的摇滚俱乐部,在它30年的历史中,无数后来在摇滚历史上深具影响力的乐队和音乐人都曾在它小小的舞台上留下过他们的身... 详细信息

乐迷朋友们对CBGB这个名字或许并不陌生,其全称是Country Bluegrass Blues(乡村草根蓝调音乐)。这是一个充满传奇色彩的摇滚俱乐部,在它30年的历史中,无数后来在摇滚历史上深具影响力的乐队和音乐人都曾在它小小的舞台上留下过他们的身影,这其中就包括朋克先锋——雷蒙斯乐队(Ramones)、电视乐队(Television)、金发美女乐队(Blondie)等等。如今CBGB已宣告关闭,但其30年的传奇历史和它所代表及提倡的独立音乐精神,将永远值得人们怀念。

关键词：摇滚传奇色彩历史上俱乐部音乐精神音乐人蓝调乡村名字草根

Impact of Vector-Current Interactions on the QCD Phase Diagram

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Journal of Modern Physics 2013年第5期4卷 644-650页

作者： Thomas hell Kouji Kashiwa Wolfram Weise Physik Department Technische Universitat MünchenGarchingGermany ECT* Strada delle Tabarelle 286VillazzanoTrentoItaly RIKEN/BNL Research Center Brookhaven National LaboratoryUptonUSA

Using a nonlocal version of the Polyakov-loop-extended Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model, we investigate effects of a nonderivative vector-current interaction (relating to the quark-number density) at both real and imaginary chemical potentials. This repulsive vector interaction between quarks has the following impact on the chiral first-order phase transition: at imaginary chemical potential it sharpens the transition at the Roberge-Weiss (RW) end point and moves this critical point toward lower temperatures;at real chemical potential, the critical end point moves on a trajectory towards larger chemical potentials and lower temperatures with increasing vector coupling strength. The conditions are discussed at which the first-order phase transition disappears and turns into a smooth crossover.

关键词： QCD Phase Diagram PNJL Model

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萝莉塔平民公主俏娃娃

疯狂英语（初中天地） 2006年第7期 19-21页

作者： Kyshah hell 思苇

世人首先注意到“萝莉塔”(又译作“洛丽塔”)这个词,是从纳博科夫的小说名开始的。这部小说一方面因为其创新风格而广受赞扬。

关键词：三种类型维多利亚古典型

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纤维、织物和非织造布的回收

合成纤维 2007年第5期36卷 46-48页

作者： Elfriede hell 薛敏敏

经济因素的变化(如树脂价格上升、成本降低的压力、竞争激烈)使人们更多关注产品成本。废料管理仅仅是成本管理的一个方面,但也是一重要角色。尽管公司强调零废料的概念,但生产废料不可能100%避免。

关键词：非织造布纤维回收织物废料管理经济因素成本降低产品成本

不同医院内外科病房护理工作量的测算与比较研究

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International Journal of Nursing Sciences 2022年第4期9卷 460-466,I0002页

作者： María Fuensanta hellín Gil Marzena Mikla Ana Myriam Seva Llor María Dolores Roldán Valcárcel Francisco Javier Ibáñez-López María JoséLópez Montesinos University of Murcia MurciaSpain Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia(IMIB) MurciaSpain

目的旨在应用护理工作量测量统计表对不同医院内外科成人住院病房的护理工作量进行估算。方法采用多中心、观察性、描述性研究方法。应用护理工作量测量统计表对4所医院内外科住院病房进行调查,该统计表中将护理工作按功能分为4种(患者... 详细信息

目的旨在应用护理工作量测量统计表对不同医院内外科成人住院病房的护理工作量进行估算。方法采用多中心、观察性、描述性研究方法。应用护理工作量测量统计表对4所医院内外科住院病房进行调查,该统计表中将护理工作按功能分为4种(患者护理、教学、管理和研究),共21个项目。每个项目都包含1个或多个护理干预分类(Nursing Interventions Classification,NIC)中的护理干预措施,并在将执行每项干预措施所需的实际时间与北美护理诊断协会(the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association,NANDA)的标准化时间进行比较后,为每一项干预措施确定具体时间。在2020年的9个月期间,每个月测量两天,对指定病房当天护理人员3个班次(早班、下午班及晚班)护理工作量进行统计(涉及当天入院所有患者)。结果共完成11756份统计表单(外科5695份,内科6061份)。早班护理工作量较大(外科总计227034 min,内科总计261835 min),特别是自我护理、药物治疗、常见侵入性操作、液体治疗和患者与家庭支持项目;不同病房不同班次管理方面的工作量则较为相近,各班次合计在57348到62901 min之间。对不同班次及不同医院护理工作量进行比较,总工作量和4类护理功能工作量的差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论采用经过验证的、基于标准化护理功能术语、适用于病房的统计表单,可提供关于护理工作量的客观数据,用于调整护理人力安排,以适应不同医院和科室的实际情况,从而提高护理质量和患者安全。

关键词：护理人员,医院护理管理研究工作量测量

Characterization of Gold Bearing Placers and Associated Minerals in the Elogo Region (North-West Congo Republic)

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Open Journal of Geology 2023年第5期13卷 287-305页

作者： Noël Watha-Ndoudy Prince Espoire Wamene Okoumel Timothée Miyouna Renaud Hermann Assouka Mpika Eddy Guembou Massala Guichel Souaty Mibantsa Kester Mayenga Joseph Victor hell Boniface Kankeu Florent Boudzoumou Laboratory of Geosciences Faculty of Science and Technology Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Congo National Institute of Forestry Research (IRF) Brazzaville Congo Gold Mines and Quarries of Congo MAC-CONGO Brazzaville Congo Institute of Geological and Mining Research (IRGM) Yaoundé Cameroun

The Elogo region has been subjected to craft industry and semi-industrial mining for gold-bearing placers, since the colonial times. It is actually undergoing an intensive exploration for a primary gold deposit. The goal of this study is to contribute to the exploration of the primary gold deposit in the Elogo Region (North-West of Congo Republic). The methodology consisted of characterization of placers deposits by their lithology, mineralogy and the gold grains shape, in order to constrain the source of gold with the respect to the local geology. The results obtained show that alluviums are polygenic and yields seventeen mineral species composed of zircon, olivine, magnetite, ilmenite, gold, garnet, rutile, coltan, cassiterite, monazite, apatite, amphibole, tourmaline, pyrite, limonite, chromite, and amphibole. The morphoscopy of gold grain shows single grains and grains with quartz inclusions that suggest their relationship with quartz veins. The gold grains are flattened, sub-flattened, and rounded. The northern region of Elogo characterized by a dominance of coarser quartz-included gold grains indicates a proximal proparte origin (less than 50 m), while the southern region, showing less coarse and more evolved grains with choc marks, appears to be associated with a distal pro-parte origin (more than 300 m). The multivariate statistical analysis shows seven classes of samples corresponding to the mineralogical paragenesis suggesting various sources, consisting of high-grade metamorphic, granitoids, pegmatites, basic and ultrabasic rocks, and BIFs that provided minerals to the placers. Gold mainly comes from hydrothermal quartz veins and probably from the peptization of gold from the weathering of sulfides occurring in the BIF. In the Elogo region, gold exploration for primary deposits should look for and follow the hydrothermal system developed in this region. Chemical analysis for the gold grains and associated minerals is necessary to better guide the proposed

关键词： Auriferous Placers Associated Minerals Correspondence Factor Analysis Principal Component Analysis Elogo Gold Exploration