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Knowledge Level about HIV/AIDS among the Villagers of Comilla District, Bangladesh

World Journal of AIDS 2014年第4期4卷 438-445页

作者： md. Shafiur Rahman md. Nuruzzaman Khan md. nazrul islam mondal md. Shamsher Alam Kazi Mohiuddin Ahmed md. Rafiqul islam Department of Public Health First Capital University of Bangladesh Chuadanga Bangladesh Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development University of Rajshahi Rajshahi Bangladesh Faculty of Ecology Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia Moscow Russia Department of Community Medicine Pabna Medical College Pabna Bangladesh

The HIV/AIDS epidemic has grown on an unprecedented scale since it was first recognized, and presently it is considered as a well known global public health crisis. In making the health policy where millions of populations are at risk, it is necessary to understand the knowledge level about HIV/AIDS. So, this study aimed at to investigate the knowledge level about HIV/AIDS among the villagers. Data and necessary information were collected from one hundred villagers of Salmanpur from Comilla district, Bangladesh through a structured questionnaire. The collected data were used for univariate analysis, to carry out the description of the variables;and to justify the total score of knowledge about HIV/AIDS among the respondents, Cronbach’s alpha (α) was calculated. The results revealed that almost all the respondents (92.00%) were ever heard about HIV/AIDS and half of them (51.00%) were known it as a communicable disease. Majority of the respondents (62.00%) believed that it is caused by heterosexual relation as well as sex with HIV positive persons. However, a good number of respondents were found unaware about the major causes and preventive ways of AIDS. Less than half of the respondents (45.00%) had medium knowledge (α = 0.34 - 0.66) and only 36.00% had the enough knowledge about HIV/AIDS. The knowledge level is increasing with the increase of education level, and the respondents who involved in agricultural works are found the lowest knowledge level (47.00%) about HIV/AIDS. The villagers were known about HIV/AIDS but they do not have accurate information about the ways in which AIDS virus can or cannot be transmitted. Therefore, effective programs should be taken to increase the knowledge level about HIV/AIDS among the villagers in Bangladesh.

关键词： AIDS Villagers Sexually Transmitted Diseases Cronbach’s Alpha Bangladesh

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Seasonal influence of freshwater discharge on spatio-temporal variations in primary productivity, sea surface temperature, and euphotic zone depth in the northern Bay of Bengal

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2024年第6期43卷 1-14页

作者： Hafez Ahmad Felix Jose md.Simul Bhuyan md.nazrul islam Padmanava Dash Geosystems Research Institute/Department of Geosciences Mississippi State UniversityStarkville 39759USA Department of Oceanography University of ChittagongChittagong 4331Bangladesh Department of Marine&Earth Sciences Florida Gulf Coast UniversityFort Myers 33965USA Bangladesh Oceanographic Research Institute Cox’s Bazar 4730Bangladesh Faculty of Marine Sciences&Fisheries Institute of Marine SciencesUniversity of ChittagongChittagong 4331Bangladesh Department of Geography and Environment Jahangirnagar UniversityDhaka 1342Bangladesh Department of Geosciences Mississippi State UniversityStarkville 39759USA

Ocean productivity is the foundation of marine food web,which continuously removes atmospheric carbon dioxide and supports life at sea and on ***-temporal variability of net primary productivity(NPP),sea surface temperature(SST),sea surface salinity(SSS),mixed layer depth(MLD),and euphotic zone depth(EZD) in the northern B ay of Bengal(BoB) during three monsoon seasons were examined in this study based on remote sensing data for the period 2005 to *** compare the NPP distribution between the coastal zones and open BoB,the study area was divided into five zones(Z1-Z5).Results suggest that most productive zones Z2 and Zl are located at the head bay area and are directly influenced by freshwater discharge together with riverine sediment and nutrient *** Z1-Z5,the NPP ranges from 5 315.38 mg/(m^(2)·d) to 346.7 mg/(m^(2)·d)(carbon,since then the same).The highest monthly average NPP of 5 315.38 mg/(m^(2)·d) in February and 5 039.36 mg/(m^(2)·d) in June were observed from Z2,while the lowest monthly average of 346.72 mg/(m^(2)·d) was observed in March from Z4,which is an oceanic *** values vary from 6-154 m for the study area,and it has an inverse correlation with NPP *** is deeper during the summer season and shallower during the wintertime,with a corresponding increase in *** the year,monthly SST shows slight fluctuation for the entire study area,and statistical analysis shows a significant correlation among NPP,and EZD,overall positive between NPP and MLD,whereas no significant correlation among SSS,and SST for the northern ***-term trends in SST and productivity were significantly po sitive in head bay zones but negatively productive in the open *** findings in this study on the distribution of NPP,SST,SSS,MLD,and EZD and their seasonal variability in five different zones of BoB can be used to further improve the management of marine resources and overall environmental condition in response to clim

关键词： chlorophyll a sea surface temperature euphotic zone depth primary productivity Ganges-Brahmaputra ocean color Bay of Bengal monsoon

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Renewable Energy: Prospects and Challenges in Bangladesh

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Energy and Power Engineering 2024年第2期16卷 43-78页

作者： Abul Fattah Mohammad Masum Rabbani md. Masudur Rahman Rahat Ahsan Habib md. nazrul islam Bangladesh Police Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Chemistry University of Dhaka Dhaka Bangladesh

Among expert scientists and politicians, there is increasing agreement that it is absolutely necessary to reduce the emission of greenhouse gas (GHG) to lessen the severity of climate change. Although little, renewable energy sources currently reduce GHG that are being emitted from the energy industries. According to the majority of long-term energy estimates, renewable energy will be a substantial addition to the supply of energy worldwide by the end of this century, as capacity of renewable energy is gradually increasing in the early decades. However, developing nations like Bangladesh are largely reliant on pricey imported energy supplies (coal, gas, and oil) that lay a heavy weight on the country’s economy. Also, air pollution growing in importance as a national and international environmental issue. Regarding the development of clean and sustainable energy, renewable energy sources seem to be among the most practical and efficient alternatives, in both Bangladesh and globally. The geographic advantages of Bangladesh allow for widespread usage of the majority of such renewable energy sources. The comparative potential and use of fossil fuels against renewable energy sources globally and in Bangladesh is explored in this review.

关键词： Renewable Energy Solar and Photovoltaics Hydropower Wind Energy Geothermal

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Source identification, contamination status and health risk assessment of heavy metals from road dusts in Dhaka, Bangladesh

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第11期34卷 159-174页

作者： Aklima Nargis Ahsan Habib md.nazrul islam Kai Chen md.Shafiqul islam Sarker A N M Al-Razee Wenbin Liu Guorui Liu Minggang Cai Coastal and Ocean Management Institute&State Key laboratory of Marine Environmental Science Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China Department of Chemistry University of DhakaDhaka 1000Bangladesh Central Chemical Laboratory Department of Narcotics ControlMinistry of Home AffairsDhaka 1204Bangladesh Department of Analytical Chemistry&Environmental Science Training Institute for Chemical IndustriesPolashNarsingdi 1611Bangladesh State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China

In this study, concentrations of Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb were determined in road dusts collected from different locations in Dhaka to assess source, contamination status and health risk. Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were used to determine Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb and their mean concentrations were 162.27 ± 29.46, 721.18 ± 180.14, 35.65 ± 12.55, 104.56 ± 128.33, 515.32 ± 321.90,BDL, and 342.82 ± 591.20 mg/kg, respectively. Among the heavy metals, highest concentrations of Cu, Zn and Pb were found at urban sites-7(municipal waste dumping) and 8(medical waste incineration). Highest concentration of Cr followed by Cu and Zn was found at site-5(Tejgaon, urban). Principal component analysis revealed that anthropogenic activities are the potential sources for Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb while earth crust for Mn. Pollution index and pollution load index results suggested that all the sites were contaminated and/or degraded by Cr, Cu, Zn and Pb except sites-9(urban), 10(sub-urban), 11(rural) while sites-7 and 8(urban) were extremely degraded. For noncarcinogenic health risk, hazard quotient values for dermal were higher compared to that of inhalation/ingestion. Though hazard index values were less than 1 at all the sites, these were at least one order of magnitude higher for children group than that of adult group, thus the children group may face more noncarcinogenic health risk at sites -7 and 8. Values of incremental lifetime cancer risk were from 10to 10showed no carcinogenic health risk by road dusts contaminated with the heavy metals.

关键词： Heavy metal Road dust Dhaka Principal component analysis Pollution status Health risk assessment

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A Comprehensive Analysis of Quality of Service (QoS) in ZigBee Network through Mobile and Fixed Node

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Journal of Computer and Communications 2022年第3期10卷 86-99页

作者： nazrul islam md. Iqbal Hossain Anisur Rahman Department of Information and Communication Technology Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University Tangail-1902 Bangladesh

The standard specification of IEEE 802.15.4 is called ZigBee Propocol. ZigBee protocol required security, low data transfer rate, power efficient network. In addition, the ZigBee mobility function makes the ZigBee network more interactive and multi-purpose. The ZigBee mobile node has a significant effect on network parameters, namely MAC delay, end-to-end delay, MAC throughput and network load. However, a particular significant ZigBee node affects network data traffic and reduces the strength of the Quality of Service (QoS). The key issues are to analyze the QoS in order to increase overall performance of the network. The study proposes a ZigBee network with the mobile node and fixed node based on a variety of MAC layer settings. The Riverbed Network Simulator (Academic Modeler Release 17.5) is used for configuring and simulating the ZigBee network in a variety of conditions. The simulation results show that ZigBee with a fixed node performs better than the ZigBee mobile node. The ZigBee network with fixed node produces a lower network load and a high ratio of successfully transmitted data. The analysis of this study allows the ZigBee network to be better designed.

关键词： WAPNs ZigBee IoT QoS Mobile Node

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Enhancement of Effective Accumulation of Atoms during Fabrication of Al Microsphere

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Microscopy Research 2019年第4期7卷 39-46页

作者： Faizul Mohammad Kamal md. nazrul islam Khan Materials Science Division Atomic Energy Centre Dhaka Bangladesh

Microspheres of Al have been successfully fabricated utilizing electromigration using sudden change in geometrical shape of a specimen. The experimental sample was a passivated Al line with a hole at the transitional area of the sample. The hole was used to control the accumulation and discharge process. The formation of the microsphere is enhanced by controlling temperature and current density. The atomic flux was increased with the increasing current density that was happened along the electron flow direction in the small region at the geometrical shape of the sample.

关键词： Electromigration Atoms Migration Microsphere Accumulation

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A Modified and Secured RSA Public Key Cryptosystem Based on “n” Prime Numbers

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Journal of Computer and Communications 2018年第3期6卷 78-90页

作者： Muhammad Ariful islam md. Ashraful islam nazrul islam Boishakhi Shabnam Department of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University Tangail Bangladesh Uttara University Dhaka Bangladesh

Cryptography is the study that provides security service. It concerns with confidentiality, integrity, and authentication. Public key cryptography provides an enormous revolution in the field of the cryptosystem. It uses two different keys where keys are related in such a way that, the public key can use to encrypt the message and private key can be used to decrypt the message. This paper proposed an enhanced and modified approach of RSA cryptosystem based on “n” distinct prime number. This existence of “n” prime number increases the difficulty of the factoring of the variable “N” which increases the complexity of the algorithm. In this approach, two different public key and private key generated from the large factor of the variable “N” and perform a double encryption-decryption operation which affords more security. Experiment on a set of a random number provided that the key generation time, analysis of variable “N”, encryption and decryption will take a long time compared to traditional RSA. Thus, this approach is more efficient, highly secured and not easily breakable.

关键词： RSA Algorithm Encryption Decryption Cryptosystem Security Public Key Private Key

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Reproductive development of two groundnut cultivars as influenced by boron and light

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2018年第2期5卷 289-293页

作者： md.Quamruzzaman md.Jafar Ullah md.Fazlul Karim nazrul islam md.Jahedur Rahman md.Dulal Sarkar Department of Agronomy Sher-e-Bangla Agriculture UniversityDhaka 1207Bangladesh Department of Horticulture Sher-e-Bangla Agriculture UniversityDhaka 1207Bangladesh

Boron is an important micronutrient that enhances reproductive growth of crops such as *** also plays an important role for pegging of *** has been little information on the application of boron and light in groundnut in Bangladesh.A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of boron and light on the reproductive development of two groundnut *** considered as two groundnut cultivars,viz.,‘Dhaka-1(C1)’and‘BARI Chinabadam-8(C2)’,three levels of boron(B),viz.,0-kg B ha^-1(B0),1-kg B ha^-1(B1)and 2-kg B ha^-1(B2),and two levels of light,viz.,normal day light(≈12-h light)and normal day light+6-h extended red light at night(≈18-h light).Result revealed that the reproductive development,yield and shelling percentage of groundnut were markedly increased with the application of *** to imposition of light all of reproductive units increased but decrease number of pods and pod *** highest reproductive unit and yield were observed from‘BARI Chinabadam-8’.Therefore,reproductive development could be improved by application of boron in improved cultivars(BARI Chinabadam-8)but not for under extended light.

关键词： Groundnut Reproductive development Light Boron Pegs Pods Shelling percentage

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Mobility Issue on Octagonal Structured ZigBee Network Using Riverbed

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International Journal of Communications, Network and System Sciences 2016年第3期9卷 55-66页

作者： nazrul islam md. Jaminul Haque Biddut md. Faizul Huq Arif Mohammad Motiur Rahman md. Syfur Rahman Department of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University Santosh Tangail Bangladesh Department of Computer Science and Engineering (CSE) Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University Santosh Tangail Bangladesh Education Management Information System (EMIS) Cell Directorate of Secondary and Higher Education Ministry of Education Dhaka Bangladesh

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a special type of communication medium through distributed sensor nodes. Popular wireless sensor nodes like ZigBee have splendid interoperability after IEEE 802.15.4 standardization in the domain of wireless personal area network (WPAN). ZigBee has another great feature mobility that makes the ZigBee network more versatile. The mobility feature of ZigBee mobile nodes has a greater impact on network performance than fixed nodes. This impact sometimes turns into more severe because of network structure and mobility model. This study mainly focuses on the performance analysis of the ZigBee mobile node under Random and Octagonal mobility management model with the Tree routing method. The Riverbed academic modeler is used to design, implement and simulate the ZigBee network under certain conditions. This study also presents a competitive performance analysis based on ZigBee mobile nodes transmitter and receiver characteristics under the observation of the mobility model. This indicates that Octagonal mobility model exhibits better performance than the Random mobility model. This study will constitute a new way for further designing and planning a reliable and efficient ZigBee network.

关键词： WSN ZigBee Network Mobility Octagonal Structure Riverbed

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Heavy Minerals in Sands along Brahmaputra (Jamuna) River of Bangladesh

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International Journal of Geosciences 2016年第1期7卷 47-52页

作者： md. Ibrahim Khalil md. nazrul islam Khan md. Zafrul Kabir Ratan Kumar Majumd.r md. Idris Ali Debasish Paul Syed Mohammad Azharul islam Nuclear Minerals Unit Atomic Energy Research Establishment Dhaka Bangladesh Material Science Division Atomic Energy Center Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission Dhaka Bangladesh Health Physics and Radioactive Waste Management Unit Atomic Energy Research Establishment Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Physics Jahangirnagar University Dhaka Bangladesh

Sands along Brahmaputra River of Bangladesh have long been considered to be a source of heavy minerals (HMs) since it traversed a long way through various terrains. An attempt has been made under this research work to determine the kinds and amounts of heavy minerals in the sands sourced from the river system. Samples from 14 locations along Brahmaputra River covering 30 km distance from upstream to downstream of the river are found to contain different heavy minerals concentration with a range of 7.92 - 25.16 weight% with the remaining of the sample comprising silicate and aluminosilicates. Mineral characterization from peak positions in diffractogram of X-ray Diffraction (XRD) evaluate quartz, feldspar and mica are major categories light mineral while rutile, magnetite, illmenite, zircon, monazite, garnet, uranium arsenide and uranium fluoride are the major types heavy minerals. Ilmenite and rutile are main contributors of total heavy mineral (THM). Titanium bearing minerals ilmenite and rutile contributes 26.22% - 31.01% and 14.57% - 23.50% of THM. In the present study area, most of the sands are found to be fine and medium grained as obtained from the particle sizes analysis using 18- to 230-mesh.

关键词： Heavy Minerals River Sand Bangladesh

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