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Exploring the Role of Serum Cystatin C in Early Detection of Acute Kidney Injury among On-Pump Cardiac Surgery Patients: A Single-Center Investigation in Bangladesh

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2024年第6期14卷 363-373页

作者： md. Ahaduzzaman md. Abir Tazim Chowdhury Munama Magdum md. Saiful Islam Khan Satyajit Sharma Monoj Tiwari md. abul bashar maruf md. Alauddin Omar Sadeque Khan md. Mostafizur Rahman Mirza md. Nazmus Saquib Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery Evercare Hospital Dhaka Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Preventive and Social Medicine National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Cardiothoracic Anesthesia Evercare Hospital Dhaka Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Cardiac Surgery National Heart Foundation Hospital & Research Institute Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery B.P. Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital Bharatpur Chitwan Nepal Department of Cardiac Surgery United Hospital Limited Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Cardiac Surgery Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Cardiac Surgery Ibrahim Cardiac Hospital & Research Institute Dhaka Bangladesh

Background: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) stands as a prominent postoperative complication in on-pump cardiac surgery, with repercussions on morbidity, mortality, and hospitalization duration. Current diagnostic criteria relying on serum creatinine levels exhibit a delayed identification of AKI, prompting an exploration of alternative biomarkers. Aims and Objectives: This study is designed to overcome diagnostic constraints and explore the viability of serum Cystatin C as an early predictor of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in individuals undergoing on-pump cardiac surgery. The investigation aims to establish the relationship between serum Cystatin C levels and the onset of AKI in patients subjected to on-pump cardiac surgery. Primary objectives involve the assessment of the diagnostic effectiveness of serum Cystatin C, its comparison with serum creatinine, and the exploration of its potential for the early identification and treatment of AKI. Methodology: Conducted as a single-center study at the cardiac surgery department of BSMMU in Bangladesh from September 2020 to August 2022, a comparative cross-sectional analysis involved 31 participants categorized into No AKI and AKI groups based on Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria. Data collection encompassed preoperative, post-CBP (cardiopulmonary bypass) conclusion at 2 hours, postoperative day 1, and postoperative day 2 intervals. Statistical analyses included Chi-squared tests, independent Student’s t-tests, and one-sample t-tests. Significance was set at P Results: The study revealed no significant differences in baseline characteristics between the No AKI and AKI groups, except for CPB time and cross-clamp time. Serum Cystatin C levels in the AKI group exhibited statistical significance at various time points, highlighting its potential as an early detector. Conversely, Serum Creatinine levels in the AKI group showed no statistical significance. The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis further supported the efficacy of serum Cyst

关键词： Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) On-Pump Cardiac Surgery Serum Cystatin C Serum Creatinine Diagnostic Biomarkers Early Detection Cardiopulmonary Bypass Single-Center Study Bangladesh

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Using Magnesium Sulfate to Prevent Atrial Fibrillation after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Surgery: A Single Centre Experience in Bangladesh

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2023年第9期13卷 565-577页

作者： Manoj Tiwari md. Abir Tazim Chowdhury Hema Poudel Munama Magdum md. Mostafizur Rahman Vivek Kumar Jha md. Ahaduzzaman md. abul bashar maruf Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery B.P. Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital Bharatpur Chitwan Nepal Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery Evercare Hospital Dhaka Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Dermatology and Venerology Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Community Medicine Shaheed Monsur Ali Medical College Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Cardiac Surgery Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Cardiac Surgery Ibn Sina Specialized Hospital Dhaka Bangladesh

Background: Atrial fibrillation commonly occurs following cardiac surgery, particularly after coronary artery bypass grafting. Magnesium, known for its stabilizing effect on cell membranes, has shown promise in preventing postoperative atrial fibrillation. This study aimed to assess the impact of intravenous magnesium infusion in preventing atrial fibrillation after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting, where maintaining stable cell membranes is crucial in averting this complication. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, from March 2020 to February 2022. Sixty-six patients who underwent off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting were enrolled and divided into two groups. Group A (n = 33) received intravenous magnesium sulfate (10 mmol/2.47gm) for three days after surgery, while Group B (n = 33) did not receive magnesium sulfate. Postoperative atrial fibrillation occurrence in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) within three days after surgery was evaluated using convenient sampling. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS version 26.0, utilizing independent Student’s t-test for continuous data and Chi-square and Fisher’s exact test for categorical data. A p-value of ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: No significant differences in age or gender were observed between the two groups. Group B exhibited significantly lower magnesium levels than Group A on the 0th, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd days post-surgery. Additionally, Group B experienced a higher incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation, longer ICU stays, and two mortalities. The study did not detect any adverse effects associated with magnesium infusion. Conclusion: It has been demonstrated that administering magnesium intravenously after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting can lower the chances of developing atrial fibrillation. This demonstrates the potential advantages of using magnesium as a preventa

关键词： Atrial Fibrillation (AF) Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) Postopera-tive Atrial Fibrillation (POAF) Magnesium Sulfate Bangladesh.

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Implications of Elevated Serum Cortisol in the Onset of Postoperative Delirium Following Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: Insights from a Bangladesh-Based Single Center Experience

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2024年第4期14卷 252-267页

作者： Vivek Kumar Jha md.Abir Tazim Chowdhury Munama Magdum Manoj Tiwari md.abul bashar maruf md.Saiful Islam Khan Priyanka Sinha Rajesh Naryan Kapar md. Rezwanul Hoque Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences Dharan Nepal Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery Evercare Hospital Dhaka Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Preventive and Social Medicine National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Thoracic Surgery BP Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital Bharatpur Nepal Department of Cardiac Surgery United Hospital Limited Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Cardiothoracic Anesthesia Evercare Hospital Dhaka Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Microbiology Kathmandu Medical College Kathmandu Nepal Department of Nephrology Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Cardiac Surgery Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Dhaka Bangladesh

Background: Following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), delirium emerges as a prevalent complication. This study aimed to assess the correlation between elevated serum cortisol levels and the occurrence of postoperative delirium subsequent to off-pump CABG. Methods: Conducted in the Department of Cardiac Surgery at BSMMU from October 2020 to September 2022, this comparative cross-sectional study included a total of 44 participants. Subjects, meeting specific criteria, were purposefully assigned to two groups based on off-pump CABG. Group A (n = 22) consisted of patients with normal serum cortisol levels, while Group B (n = 22) comprised individuals with high serum cortisol levels on the first postoperative day. Delirium onset was assessed at the bedside in the ICU on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th postoperative days using standard tools, namely the Richmond Agitation Sedation score (RASS) and The Confusion Assessment Method (CAM-ICU). Data were collected based on the presence or absence of delirium. Statistical analysis utilized SPSS version 26.0, employing an independent Student’s t-test for continuous data and chi-square and Fischer’s exact test for categorical data. A p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Group-A had a mean age of 54.50 ± 17.97, and Group-B had a mean age of 55.22 ± 15.45, both with a male predominance (81.81% and 86.36% respectively). The mean serum cortisol level was significantly higher in Group B (829.71 ± vs. 389.98 ± 68.77). Postoperative delirium occurred in 27.3% of Group B patients, statistically significant compared to the 4.5% in Group A. However, patients in Group B who developed delirium experienced significantly longer postoperative ICU and hospital stays (79.29 ± 12.27 vs. 11.44 ± 2.85, p ≤ 0.05). There was one mortality in Group B, which was statistically not significant. Conclusion: This study observed a significant association between elevated serum cortisol levels in the postoperative period and the occurrence of postoperative delirium afte

关键词： Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) Serum Cortisol Postoperative Delirium Bangladesh

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Post-displacement status of climate migrants in Rajshahi City, Bangladesh

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Regional Sustainability 2022年第3期3卷 183-187页

作者： Syed Mahbubur RAHMAN Mahreen MAMOON md.Shamimul ISLAM Saif HOSSAIN Rezwanul HAQUE abul bashar md.ZUBAIR Brac Business School Brac UniversityDhaka1212Bangladesh College of Education Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907USA School of Business University of Southern QueenslandToowoombaQLD 4350Australia PROGGA(Knowledge for Progress) Dhaka1216Bangladesh

Some big cities in Bangladesh have been experiencing a massive and rapid influx of rural people due to the impacts of climate change,and therefore the urban administration encounters enormous challenges.This study aims to investigate the drivers of climate-induced migration and the post-displacement status of the migrants living in the urban slum of Rajshahi City.Using a semi-structured questionnaire survey,this study conducted interviews with 50 migrants residing in two slums in Rajshahi City.An interpretive phenomenological analysis(IPA)approach was implemented to evaluate the survey data.This study finds that food insecurity and flood are the two significant climate drivers of migration.Among the non-climate drivers,lack of alternative livelihood is the major reason.It should be noticed that the climate migrants in many cases do not get the opportunity to improve their living standards;they are usually occupied with low-pay professions like maid,van and rickshaw puller,and scrap collector.The study also reveals that migrants,especially females and children,need several basic physiological,economic,social,and health services.Most children have no chance to attend school.Compared to males,females have more opportunities for some support and allowances.Overall,an inadequate level of change has taken place in the lives of migrants,which raises the concern if migration is ever a way to resolve a problem or the beginning of many other problems.Further research may concentrate on the impact of migration on the dynamics of social capital among slum dwellers.

关键词： Climate-induced migration Migration driver Slum dweller Post-migration status Interpretive phenomenological analysis(IPA) Bangladesh

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Pattern of Presentation of Iatrogenic Biliary Injury Following Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

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Open Journal of Clinical Diagnostics 2022年第4期12卷 55-62页

作者： Fahmid-Uz-Zaman Mohammad Aminul Islam md. Saba Al Galib md. Mashkurul Alam md. Shamsuddoha Khan Muhammad Tanvir Alam Akhanda Sania Hossain Laila Siddika Mohammad Emrul Hasan Khan abul bashar md. Jamal Department of Surgery Dhaka Medical College Hospital Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Surgery Shaheed M. Monsur Ali Medical College Hospital Shirajgonj Bangladesh Department of Pediatric Surgery Dhaka Medical College Hospital Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Surgery Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College Hospital Dhaka Bangladesh National Institute of Cancer Research and Hospital Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Laboratory Medicine Sheikh Russel National Gastroliver Institute and Hospital Dhaka Bangladesh Mugda Medical College and Hospital Dhaka Bangladesh

Background: Cholecystectomy is one of the most now common abdominal surgeries performed every day. The incidence of bile duct injury (BDI) following open cholecystectomy is only 0.1% - 0.2%. After the introduction of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, the incidence has gone up to 0.4% - 0.7%. The present study is a prospective analysis of all patients with bile duct injury who were admitted to Dhaka Medical College Hospital during or at a variable period following cholecystectomy. Methods: To determine the pattern of presentation of iatrogenic biliary injury following cholecystectomy in the department of surgery of Dhaka Medical College Hospital, a total of 30 patients were purposively selected from May 2018 to November 2018. Patient particulars, records of physical and clinical evaluation, and operative details were collected by individual researchers. Data analysis was done by SPSS for windows version 21. Results: BDI was found very common among the age group 21 - 30 yrs (36%) and female dominant (60%). Majority of the patients presented with abdominal pain (96%), intra-abdominal collection (88%), biliary peritonitis (68%), cholangitis (60%), and obstructive jaundice (40%), and biliary fistula (40%). Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (84%) was the principal cause of biliary injury in our study. 48% of patients experienced clinical features within 7 days post-cholecystectomy. Per-operative diagnosis was done in only 12% of cases. 44% of patients in this study were recognized as Bismuth grade-3, followed by 36%, grade-2 patients. Management outcomes included wound infection (41.66%), minor bile leak (25%), peritonitis (8.33%), and renal impairment (8.33%). Conclusion: The effect of BDI is an extremely distressful clinical condition for the patients and their family members, hence proper care and management protocol should be followed.

关键词： Bile Duct Injury Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Post-Operative Complications Bangladesh

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Agro-Morphological, Physico-Chemical and Molecular Characterization of Rice Germplasm with Similar Names of Bangladesh

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Rice science 2016年第4期23卷 211-218页

作者： Mir Sharf Uddin AHMED Mohammad KHALEQUZZAMAN md.Khairul bashar abul Kalam Mohammad SHAMSUDDIN Genetic Resources and Seed Division Bangladesh Rice Research Institute HarvestP lus International Centre for Tropical Agriculture Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding Bangladesh Agricultural University

Thirty-one duplicate and similar named rice germplasms of Bangladesh were studied to assess the genetic variation for the agro-morphological and physico-chemical traits and simple sequence repeat banding patterns during 2009–2012 at Bangladesh Rice Research Institute. The range of variations within the cultivar groups showed higher degree. The principal component analysis showed that the first five components with vector values > 1 contributed 82.90% of the total variations. The cluster analysis grouped the genotypes into four clusters, where no duplicate germplasm was found. The highest number(11) of genotypes was constellated in cluster I and the lowest(3) in cluster II. The intra- and inter-cluster distances were the maximum in cluster I(0.93) and between clusters I and IV(24.61), respectively, and the minimum in cluster IV(0.62) and between clusters I and III(5.07), respectively. The cluster mean revealed that the crosses between the genotypes of cluster I with those of clusters II and IV would exhibit high heterosis for maximum good characters. A total of 350 alleles varied from 3(RM277) to 14(RM21) with an average of 7.8 per locus were detected at 45 microsatellite loci across the 31 rice accessions. The gene diversity ranged from 0.48 to 0.90 with an average of 0.77, and the polymorphism information content values from 0.44(RM133) to 0.89(RM206) with an average of 0.74. RM206, RM21, RM55, RM258 and RM433 were considered as the best markers on the basis of their higher polymorphism information content values. The dendrogram from unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic average clustering also classified the genotypes into four groups, where group IV comprised of 20 genotypes and group III of one genotype, but no duplicate was found. Finally, similar and duplicate named rice germplasms need to be conserved in gene bank as are distinct from each other.

关键词： diversity simple sequence repeat similar name landrace rice agro-morphological and physico-chemical trait

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CAR T Cell Immunotherapy That Revolutionary Breakthrough in Human Oncology Treatment: A Review

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2022年第11期13卷 483-515页

作者： Shammi Binte bashar Zannat Akhter Bidhan Chandro Saha md. Mushfiqul Islam Himaloy Umme Kulsum md. Rashedur Rahman Department of Pharmacy Primeasia University Banani Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Pharmacy Jahangirnagar University Savar Dhaka Bangladesh

The discovery of CAR T cell immunotherapy, also known as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell immunotherapy, has added a new dimension to the world of cancer treatment. This is a gene-based treatment in which T cells from the patient’s body are taken and genetically engineered in the lab to grow receptors. T cells containing this receptor are then injected into the patient’s body to bind to the antigen on the surface area of the cancer cell and kill the cancer cell. Structurally, the co-stimulatory domain added to CAR T cells has now reached the 5th GEN of chimeric antigen receptor T cells. Chimeric antigen T cell immunotherapy is the first FDA-approved treatment for hematological malignancies that is both safe and effective. However, due to some challenges such as a lack of safety control, an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, ineffective T cell trafficking, and so on, CAR-T immunotherapy treatment for solid malignancy is still in the clinical phase. In the result and discussion, we have presented a survey of CAR T cell therapy with a combination of pharmacological drugs. The things we mentioned are that CAR T cell immunotherapy is innovative, suitable, elegant, and also controls synergistic anti-cancer effects. A better understanding of combinatory CAR T cell therapies provides fundamental information for improvement of those therapies, in addition to the article highlighting future opportunities, commercial advancements, and various applications of CAR T cell therapy in different cancer cells. In the entire review article, we have highlighted the neck and crop of CAR T cell therapy, from which it is easy to understand the therapy and the need for this therapy in cancer prevention and its progress.

关键词： Cancer Immunotherapy Chimeric Antigen Receptor Co-Stimulatory Domain Cell Trafficking Hematological Malignancy

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Climate Change and Anthropogenic Interferences for the Morphological Changes of the Padma River in Bangladesh

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American Journal of Climate Change 2021年第2期10卷 167-184页

作者： md. Azharul Islam md. Sirazum Munir md. abul bashar Kizar Ahmed Sumon Mohammad Kamruzzaman Yahia Mahmud Department of Environmental Science Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh Bangladesh Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute Chandpur Bangladesh Department of Fisheries Management Faculty of Agriculture Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh Bangladesh Senior Scientific Officer Farm Machinery and Postharvest Technology Division Bangladesh Rice Research Institute Gazipur Bangladesh Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute Mymensingh Bangladesh

This research aims to identify the morphological changes of the Padma River due to the effects of anthropogenic climate change. The morphological changes were measured by aerial satellite images and their historical comparison, terrestrial survey, sedimentation in the riverbed, water flow, water discharge, siltation, and erosion along the river, etc. The Padma River has been analyzed over the period from 1971 to 2020 using multi-temporal Landsat images and long-term water flow data. The climatic parameters data related to temperature and rainfall were collected from 21 metrological stations distributed throughout Bangladesh over a 50-year period (1965-2015) to evaluate the magnitude of these changes statistically and spatially. The Padma, traditionally considered as a dominantly meandering river, is switching over into a braided river due to its highly susceptible nature of erosion and deposition. Results reveal that the tidal range is high during the dry season and increases from upstream to downstream of the river. Climate change may bring changes upstream by changing rainfall intensity, flood severity, and extreme temperature. More inundation can occur due to sedimentation, and more bank erosion can occur at the same time. An exponential increase of morphological activity with increased river flow, water discharge, bank erosion might substantially increase in the future. The changes in the flow introduced by climate change would impact the morphology of the Padma River of Bangladesh during the monsoon. A major change has been observed in the location of the bank and channel, as well as bars, along with their geometry and morphology over time. It is also observed that the bank line is not stable and migrated continuously. The overall width of the Padma River is varied significantly during the last 50 years. Maps and Landsat images represented that the river channel is shifting abnormally. Both climatic parameters and anthropogenic activity play an important role in fish biology and production. From this study,

关键词： Climate Change Anthropogenic Geomorphology Morphology Padma River

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A Comparative Study of Heavy Metal Concentration in Different Layers of Tannery Vicinity Soil and Near Agricultural Soil

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2016年第12期7卷 880-889页

作者： Ashiqur Rahaman Jahan Sadia Afroze Khairul bashar md. Farhad Ali md. Razib Hosen Institute of Leather Engineering and Technology University of Dhaka Dhaka Bangladesh

This research was conducted to bring out the appropriate level of heavy metal contamination in soil at the site of Buriganga river bank near the Hazaribagh tannery area and the normal agricultural area to evaluate heavy metal contamination in soil due to untreated tannery effluents. AAS flame method was used to determine the concentration of Chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), Zinc (Zn) in several depths of the soil. Results showed that, the heavy metal concentration in soil at the site of Buriganga river bank in the tannery vicinity and normal agricultural area significantly varies, such as Cr varies (561.71 - 31.23) mg/kg, Zn varies (158.23 - 73.5), Pb varies (70.58 - 24) and Cd varies (2.25 - 0.71) mg/kg in the river bank as well as in the normal agricultural area Cr varies (27.869 - 24.5416) mg/kg, Zn varies (134.167 - 28), Pb varies (25.76 - 22.49) and Cd varies (1.30 - 0.64) mg/kg. The study indicated that heavy metals concentration was found to be significantly higher in river bank soils than in the normal agricultural area. This metal concentration in soil is responsible for the promotion of toxicity in agricultural products. Therefore, the human health and environment are affected by these areas.

关键词： Heavy Metal Soil Contamination Tannery Area Agricultural Area

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Comparative Study of Structural, Optical and Electrical Properties of SnO<sub>2</sub>Thin Film Growth via CBD, Drop-Cast and Dip-Coating Methods

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Materials Sciences and Applications 2021年第12期12卷 578-594页

作者： md. Tareq Rahman Zubair Ahmed md. Johurul Islam Kamaruzzaman Mst. Toma Khatun md. Abdul Gafur md. Shahriar bashar md. Monjarul Alam Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Islamic University Kushtia Bangladesh Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Noakhali Science and Technology University Noakhali Bangladesh Atomic Energy Centre Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission Dhaka Bangladesh Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Dhaka Bangladesh

Tin oxide (SnO2) thin films were deposited on glass substrate by Chemical Bath Deposition (CBD), Drop-Cast and Dip-Coating method. The thin films were post-annealed at 500°C for 2 hours. The structural, optical, and electrical properties of the SnO2 thin films were investigated by using XRD, FTIR, SEM, EDX, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and Electrometer experiment. The XRD patterns of SnO2 thin films deposited on glass substrate by CBD method, Drop-Cast method and Dip-Coating method showed cubic, tetragonal and amorphous structures respectively. The FTIR spectrum exhibited the strong presence of SnO2 with the characteristic vibrational mode of Sn-O-Sn. The SEM analysis was observed that the surface morphology of the thin films toughly depends on the deposition methods of the SnO2 thin films. EDX measurement confirmed that the thin films are the composition of Tin (Sn) and Oxygen (O2). The optical band gap of SnO2 thin films deposited by CBD method, Drop-Cast method and Dip-Coating method is found to be 3.12 eV, 3.14 eV and 3.16 eV respectively. Thin films deposited by Dip-Coating method showed the highest band gap. The electrical results confirmed that the SnO2 thin films are good conductors and pursued Ohm’s Law. These properties of the SnO2 thin films brand are appropriate for application in solar cell assembly, gas sensor devices and transparent electrodes of panel displays.

关键词： SnO2 Thin Film CBD Drop-Cast and Dip-Coating Method Electrical

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