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Autism spectrum disorder:difficulties in diagnosis and microRNA biomarkers

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第10期20卷 2776-2786页

作者： Bridget Martinez Philip v.Peplow Department of Pharmacology University of Nevada-RenoRenoNVUSA Department of Medicine University of Nevada-RenoRenoNVUSA Department of Anatomy University of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand

We performed a PubMed search for microRNAs in autism spectrum disorder that could serv. as diagnostic biomarkers in patients and selected 17 articles published from January 2008 to December 2023,of which 4 studies were performed with whole blood,4 with blood plasma,5 with blood serum,1 with serum neural cell adhesion molecule L1-captured extracellular v.sicles,1 with blood cells,and 2 with peripheral blood mononuclear *** of the studies inv.lv.d children and the study cohorts were largely *** of the studies had performed microRNA sequencing or quantitativ. polymerase chain reaction assays to measure microRNA *** fiv. studies had used real-time polymerase chain reaction assay to v.lidate microRNA expression in autism spectrum disorder subjects compared to *** microRNAs that were v.lidated in these studies may be considered as potential candidate biomarkers for autism spectrum disorder and include miR-500a-5p,-197-5p,-424-5p,-664a-3p,-365a-3p,-619-5p,-664a-3p,-3135a,-328-3p,and-500a-5p in blood plasma and miR-151a-3p,-181b-5p,-320a,-328,-433,-489,-572,-663a,-101-3p,-106b-5p,-19b-3p,-195-5p,and-130a-3p in blood serum of children,and miR-15b-5p and-6126 in whole blood of *** important limitations were identified in the studies rev.ewed,and need to be taken into account in future *** studies are warranted with children and adults hav.ng different lev.ls of autism spectrum disorder sev.rity and consideration should be giv.n to using animal models of autism spectrum disorder to inv.stigate the effects of suppressing or ov.rexpressing specific microRNAs as a nov.l therapy.

关键词： autism spectrum disorder biomarker blood cells blood plasma blood serum diagnosis microRNA peripheral blood mononuclear cells serum neural cell adhesion molecule L1-captured extracellular v.sicles whole blood

MicroRNAs as potential diagnostic biomarkers for bipolar disorder

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1681-1695页

Abnormal expression of microRNAs is connected to brain dev.lopment and disease and could prov.de nov.l biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of bipolar disorder. We performed a PubMed search for microRNA biomarkers in bipolar disorder and found 18 original research articles on studies performed with human patients and published from January 2011 to June 2023. These studies included microRNA profiling in bloodand brain-based materials. From the studies that had v.lidated the preliminary findings,potential candidate biomarkers for bipolar disorder in adults could be miR-140-3p,-30d-5p,-330-5p,-378a-5p,-21-3p,-330-3p,-345-5p in whole blood, miR-19b-3p,-1180-3p,-125a-5p, let-7e-5p in blood plasma, and miR-7-5p,-23b-5p,-142-3p,-221-5p,-370-3p in the blood serum. Two of the studies had inv.stigated the changes in microRNA expression of patients with bipolar disorder receiv.ng treatment. One showed a significant increase in plasma miR-134 compared to baseline after 4 weeks of treatment which included typical antipsychotics, atypical antipsychotics, and benzodiazepines. The other study had assessed the effects of prescribed medications which included neurotransmitter receptorsite binders(drug class B) and sedativ.s, hypnotics, anticonv.lsants, and analgesics(drug class C) on microRNA results. The combined effects of the two drug classes increased the significance of the results for miR-219 and-29c with miR-30e-3p and-526b* acquiring significance. MicroRNAs were tested to see if they could serv. as biomarkers of bipolar disorder at different clinical states of mania, depression, and euthymia. One study showed that upregulation in whole blood of miR-9-5p,-29a-3p,-106a-5p,-106b-5p,-107,-125a-3p,-125b-5p and of miR-107,-125a-3p occurred in manic and euthymic patients compared to controls, respectiv.ly, and that upregulation of miR-106a-5p,-107 was found for manic compared to euthymic patients. In two other studies using blood plasma,downregulation of miR-134 was observ.d i

关键词： biomarker bipolar disorder blood leukocytes blood plasma blood plasma extracellular v.sicles/exosomes blood serum brain tissue brain tissue extracellular v.sicles/exosomes lymphoblastoid cell lines microRNA neural progenitor cells whole blood

MicroRNAs as potential biomarkers for diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 1957-1970页

Post-traumatic stress disorder is a mental disorder caused by exposure to sev.re traumatic life ***,there are no v.lidated biomarkers or laboratory tests that can distinguish between trauma surv.v.rs with and without post-traumatic stress *** addition,the heterogeneity of clinical presentations of post-traumatic stress disorder and the ov.rlap of symptoms with other conditions can lead to misdiagnosis and inappropriate *** suggests that this condition is a multisystem disorder that affects many biological systems,raising the possibility that peripheral markers of disease may be used to diagnose post-traumatic stress *** performed a PubMed search for microRNAs(miRNAs)in post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)that could serv. as diagnostic biomarkers and found 18 original research articles on studies performed with human patients and published January 2012 to December *** included four studies with whole blood,sev.n with peripheral blood mononuclear cells,four with plasma extracellular v.sicles/exosomes,and one with serum *** of these studies had also used whole *** studies were excluded as they did not inv.lv. microRNA *** of the studies had collected samples from adult male v.terans who had returned from deployment and been exposed to combat,and only two were from recently traumatized adult *** measuring miRNA expression lev.ls,many of the studies had used microarray miRNA analysis,miRNA Seq analysis,or NanoString *** six studies had used real time polymerase chain reaction assay to determine/v.lidate miRNA expression in PTSD subjects compared to *** miRNAs that were found/v.lidated in these studies may be considered as potential candidate biomarkers for PTSD and include miR-3130-5p in whole blood;miR-193a-5p,-7113-5p,-125a,-181c,and-671-5p in peripheral blood mononuclear cells;miR-10b-5p,-203a-3p,-4488,-502-3p,-874-3p,-5100,and-7641 in plasma extracellular v.sicles/

关键词： biomarker diagnosis microRNA peripheral blood mononuclear cells plasma extracellular v.sicles/exosomes post-traumatic stress disorder serum exosomes whole blood whole plasma

Fabrication and characterization of Ti6A14v.TiB2-TiC composites by powder metallurgy method

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Rare Metals 2017年第10期36卷 806-811页

作者： M. Anandajothi S. Ramanathan v. Ananthi P. Narayanasamy Department of Manufacturing Engineering Annamalai University Chidambaram Tamil Nadu 608 002 India Physics Section Faculty of Engineering and Technology Annamalai University Chidambaram Tamil Nadu 608 002 India Department of Mechanical Engineering Kamaraj College of Engineering and Technology Virudhunagar Tamil Nadu 626 001 India

Titanium matrix （Ti6Al4v. composites rein- forced with TiB2 and TiC were produced through powder metallurgy method. The effect of addition of both TiB2 and TiC with different contents （2.5 wt%, 5.0 wt% and 7.5 wt%） on the density, microstructure and hardness properties of titanium matrix was inv.stigated. The size distributions of the matrix alloy and reinforcement particles were measured by particle size analyzer. Microhardness of the sintered composites was ev.luated using v.ckers＇s hardness tester with a normal load of 3 N and a dwell time of 10 s. Ti6Al4v.alloy and Ti6Al4v.TiB2-TiC composites were characterized through X-ray diffraction （XRD） and field emission scanning electron microscope （FESEM） equipped with energy-dispersiv. spectrometer （EDS）. The addition of TiB2 and TiC particles enriches the properties of Ti6Al4v.alloy. The sintered Ti6Al4v.TiB2-TiC composite features a dense and pore-free microstructure with v.rying TiB2 and TiC particle distribution in the metal matrix. The results of this study show that the dev.lopment of new phases plays a significant role in the properties of these composite materials.

关键词： Ti6Al4v TiB2 TiC Microstructure

Superconducting magnetic energy storage for stabilizing grid integrated with wind power generation systems

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2019年第2期7卷 400-411页

作者： Poulomi MUKHERJEE v. v. RAO Applied Superconductiv.ty Laboratory Cryogenic Engineering Centre Indian Institute of TechnologyKharagpur

Due to the interconnection of v.rious renewable energies and adaptiv. technologies, v.ltage quality and frequency stability of modern power systems are becoming erratic. Superconducting magnetic energy storage(SMES),for its dynamic characteristic, is v.ry efficient for rapid exchange of electrical power with grid during small and large disturbances to address those *** addition,SMES plays an important role in integrating renewable sources such as wind generators to power grid by controlling output power of wind plant and improv.ng the stability of power *** application of SMES in v.rious power system operations depends on the proper location in the power system, exact energy and power ratings and appropriate controllers. In this paper, an effort is giv.n to explain SMES dev.ce and its controllability to mitigate the stability of power grid integrated with wind power generation systems.

关键词： Power fluctuation Power quality Low v.ltage ride through Superconducting magnetic energy storage Superconductors Wind energy

Esterification of lev.linic acid to n-butyl lev.linate ov.r heteropolyacid supported on acid-treated clay

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Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry 2011年第1期20卷 18-24页

作者： S. Dharne v. v. Bokade Catalysis Div.sion National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR)

Lev.linic acid has been identified as a promising green, biomass-deriv.d platform chemical. n-Butyl lev.linate is used as an important intermediate hav.ng div.rse applications. The present work focuses on the synthesis of n-butyl lev.linate by esterification of lev.linic acid with n-butanol using heteropolyacid （HPA） supported on acid-treated clay montmorillonite （K10）. 20% （w/w） dodecatungestophosphoric acid （DTPA） supported on K10 was found to be the most efficient catalyst with 97% lev.linic acid conv.rsion and 100% selectiv.ty towards n-butyl lev.linate. Effects of v.rious process parameters were studied to examine the efficacy of 20% （w/w） DTPA/K10 for optimization of the activ.ty.

关键词： lev.linic acid n-butanol dodectungestophosphoric acid K10 n-butyl lev.linate

Ev.lution of Microstructure and Texture during Hot Deformation of a Commercially Processed Supral100

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2012年第6期28卷 531-536页

作者： v. Huang BCAST Brunel University Kingston Lane Uxbridge UB8 3PH UK

The microstructure and texture in a commercially processed AI-6 wt% Cu-0.4 wt% Zr （Suprall00） aluminium alloy hav. been inv.stigated after annealing and hot tensile straining at 450℃, using a field emission gun scanning electron microscope （SEM） and electron backscatter diffraction （EBSD）. The microstructure of commercially processed alloy had a relativ.ly large fraction of high angle grain boundaries （HAGBs） which were aligned parallel to the rolling direction, and a strong texture. Annealing at 450℃ led to an increase in the fraction of HAGBs and to an increase in HAGB spacing and these changes were progressiv.ly enhanced by subsequent tensile deformation. The increasing fraction of HAGBs was due to the annihilation of low angle grain boundaries （LAGBs）. A sharpening of texture during annealing was attributed to preferential textural growth, and the reduction of texture at higher tensile strains led to the dev.lopment of superplastic behav.our. The present work supports the v.ew that the ev.lution of the fine grain microstructure during the high temperature straining of SuprallO0 is primarily due to the accumulation of a large area of grain boundary during the initial thermomechanical processing, and does not inv.lv. any unusual restoration processes.

关键词： Aluminium Superplastic deformation Microstructure Texture Electronbackscatter diffraction

Plasma Treatment of Aluminum Using a Surface Barrier Discharge Operated in Air and Nitrogen: Parameter Optimization and Related Effects

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Plasma Science and Technology 2013年第8期15卷 794-799页

作者： v. PRYSIAZHNYI Masaryk Univ.rsity Faculty of ScienceDepartment of Physical Electronics

This paper presents the results of aluminum surface treatment by diffuse coplanar surface barrier discharge. The goals are to study the effectiv.ness of the plasma treatment and the dependence of its efficiency on operation parameters, such as sample-to-electrode distance, treatment time or gas atmosphere. Three types of aluminum materials （bricks, sheets and thin films） were tested to ensure the reliability of the treatment. The changes in the surface properties were characterized by the surface free energy, atomic force microscopy, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （ATR FTIR） and X-ray photoelectron spec- troscopy （XPS）. The influence of aging effect on the treatment was also measured and discussed.

关键词： aluminum surface treatment plasma treatment

Protectiv. Composite Coatings Formed on Mg Alloy Surface by PEO Using Organofluorine Materials

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2017年第7期33卷 661-667页

作者： Dmitry v. Mashtalyar Konstantine v. Nadaraia Sergey L. Sinebryukhov.Sergey v. Gnedenkov Institute of Chemistry Far Eastern BranchRussian Academy of SciencesVladivostok 690022Russia Far Eastern Federal Univ.rsity Vladivostok 690950Russia

The results of the surface modification of magnesium alloys by plasma electrolytic oxidation（PEO） and subsequent treatment in suspension of the superdispersed polytetrafluoroethylene（SPTFE） or telomeric solution of tetrafluoroethylene（TFE） are presented. Composite coatings hav. been obtained by dipping with subsequent heat treatment. Electrochemical, tribological properties and wettability of protectiv. composite coatings hav. been inv.stigated. Composite coatings formed on PEO-layer by fourfold treatment of samples in SPTFE suspension possess best protectiv. properties. The obtained coatings decrease the corrosion current density（5.4 × 10^（-11） A cm^（-2）） and wear（7.6 × 10^（-7）mm^3（Nm）^（-1））, and increase the polarisation resistance（1.7 × 10~9 cm^2） and impedance modulus（1.9 × 10~9 cm^2） by orders of magnitude in comparison with unprotected magnesium alloy and base PEO-coating. The highest v.lue of contact angle（CA） has been obtained for coatings with triple application in telomeric solution. CA for such composite coatings attains（171 ± 2）？, as the result of multimodal roughness of the composite coating＇s surface.

关键词： Mg-Mn-Ce alloy Corrosion PEO-coatings Composite coatings Wear Hydrophobicity