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The influence of resistance exercise training prescription variables on skeletal muscle mass,strength,and physical function in healthy adults:An umbrella review

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 47-60页

作者： Jonathan C.mcleod Brad S.Currier Caroline V.Lowisz Stuart M.Phillips Department of kinesiology Faculty of ScienceMcMaster UniversityHamilton L8S4L8Canada

Purpose:The aim of this umbrella review was to determine the impact of resistance training(rT)and individual rT prescription variables on muscle mass,strength,and physical function in healthy ***:Following Preferred reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses(PrISMA)guidelines,we systematically searched and screened eligible systematic reviews reporting the effects of differing rT prescription variables on muscle mass(or its proxies),strength,and/or physical function in healthy adults aged>18 ***:We identified 44 systematic reviews that met our inclusion *** methodological quality of these reviews was assessed using A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic reviews;standardized effectiveness statements were *** found that rT was consistently a potent stimulus for increasing skeletal muscle mass(4/4 reviews provide some or sufficient evidence),strength(4/6 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence),and physical function(1/1 review provided some evidence).rT load(6/8 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence),weekly frequency(2/4 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence),volume(3/7 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence),and exercise order(1/1 review provided some evidence)impacted rT-induced increases in muscular *** discovered that 2/3 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence that rT volume and contraction velocity influenced skeletal muscle mass,while 4/7 reviews provided insufficient evidence in favor of rT load impacting skeletal muscle *** was insufficient evidence to conclude that time of day,periodization,inter-set rest,set configuration,set end point,contraction velocity/time under tension,or exercise order(only pertaining to hypertrophy)influenced skeletal muscle adaptations.A paucity of data limited insights into the impact of rT prescription variables on physical ***:Overall,rT increased muscle mass,strength,and physical function compared to no ***

关键词： Hypertrophy resistance training resistance training prescription variables Strength Umbrella review

注入瘤胃和过瘤胃碳水化合物对肉牛内脏器官重量和脂肪组织增生的影响

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饲料博览（技术版） 2007年第11期 65-66页

作者： mcleod k r Baldwin r L Solomon M B Baumann r G

试验旨在检测两个假定,给40头平均体重为(243±2)kg的杂交肉牛,安装瘤胃和皱胃灌注导管。假定1:内脏重量是能量输入和碳水化合物(CHO)注入位置的应答;假定2:脂肪增生程度和位置依赖于CHO注入位置和其复杂性。试验牛以颗粒料和饲草为基... 详细信息

试验旨在检测两个假定,给40头平均体重为(243±2)kg的杂交肉牛,安装瘤胃和皱胃灌注导管。假定1:内脏重量是能量输入和碳水化合物(CHO)注入位置的应答;假定2:脂肪增生程度和位置依赖于CHO注入位置和其复杂性。试验牛以颗粒料和饲草为基础日粮,代谢能水平按代谢体重分别为161 kcal·d^(-1)(LJ组),214 kcal·d^(-1)(HI组)。LI组,分别经瘤胃或皱胃注入淀粉二级分解产物(r-SH或A- SH),经皱胃注入葡萄糖(A-G)。每天在12个相等的时间段饲喂基础日粮,各时间段间隔2小时,每隔22小时灌注淀粉和葡萄糖,注入量按代谢体重分别为12.6 g·d^(-1),14.4g·d^(-1)。注入后35小时,将牛屠宰,测定内脏器官和脂肪重量,第5、第12根肋骨后皮下脂肪厚度和肌内脂肪细胞浓度。随着代谢能摄入量的增加,总摄入能(IE)增加(P =0.0001)。在LI和CHO处理中,日粮摄入能相近,但总摄入能随CHO的灌入显著增加(Pr-SH组随净膛率增加,胃复合体、瘤胃、胰脏和肾脏重显著增加(P≤0.05)。与A-SH组相比,A-G组回肠10 cm肠段的总重和黏膜重增加(P≤0.02)。瘤胃重量的增加与瘤胃总DNA浓度、黏膜DNA浓度增加或未发生变化有关。高日粮代谢能有增加第5肋骨处皮下脂肪厚度的趋势(P=0.06),但是对一定净膛率条件下的肌内脂肪增生没有影响。与A-SH相比,A-G组网膜和总肌肉脂肪重量增加(P≤0.04)。虽然灌入SH不能改变肥胖,但是随着CHO注入,在总的肌肉和皮下脂肪蓄积组织存在连贯的数量关系:A-G>A-SH>r-SH。试验结果证明:增加瘤胃CHO摄入量,瘤胃重出现不成比例的增加;而增加小肠CHO摄入量,不能改变胃肠器官重。以葡萄糖形式的小肠能量,可使脂肪增生,尤其是网膜脂肪蓄积组织。

关键词：脂肪碳水化舍物能量牛内脏器官

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转变温哥华Liminal住宅

室内设计与装修 2024年第11期 84-89页

作者： [加拿大]mcleod Bovell Hufton+Crow(摄影) 西溪(编译) mcleod Bovell

Liminal住宅坐落于一个独特的位置,位于郊区住宅区与温哥华西部自然海岸之间的交界地带。这座建筑如同大自然的延伸,巧妙地融合在土地与海洋之间。承接这一项目的是当地的设计公司mcleod Bovell。设计师了解到业主的子女即将搬走,家庭... 详细信息

Liminal住宅坐落于一个独特的位置,位于郊区住宅区与温哥华西部自然海岸之间的交界地带。这座建筑如同大自然的延伸,巧妙地融合在土地与海洋之间。承接这一项目的是当地的设计公司mcleod Bovell。设计师了解到业主的子女即将搬走,家庭的模式将发生一个关键的转变。因此,设计团队的目标是建造一栋能够体现这一转变的房屋,在概念及体验上反映这种变化的内涵。在设计中,“边缘”一词充分表达了他们的理念:它象征着一种居住在过渡空间的感觉,引导人们在不同空间之间自由流动,以及从一种状态走向另一种状态的过程。

关键词：过渡空间交界地带自由流动住宅区温哥华设计团队充分表达

皱胃碳水化合物对生长肉牛皮下、网膜和肠系膜脂肪生成与分解比率的影响

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饲料博览（技术版） 2007年第11期 66-66页

作者： Baldwin r L mcleod k r McNamara J P Elsasser T H Baumann r G

试验旨在检测对碳水化合物输送到消化道的形式和位置改变的应答,体外比较肠系膜(MESA)、网膜(OMA)和皮下(SQA)脂肪蓄积组织脂肪生成与分解比率。40头平均体重为(243±2)kg的杂交肉牛,代谢能水平按代谢体重分别为161 kcal·d^(-1)(LI组),... 详细信息

试验旨在检测对碳水化合物输送到消化道的形式和位置改变的应答,体外比较肠系膜(MESA)、网膜(OMA)和皮下(SQA)脂肪蓄积组织脂肪生成与分解比率。40头平均体重为(243±2)kg的杂交肉牛,代谢能水平按代谢体重分别为161 kcal·d^(-1)(LI组),214 kcal.d^(-1)(HI组):或者在LI组基础上从瘤胃(r)或皱胃(A)注入淀粉分解产物(SH)或从皱胃(A)注入葡萄糖(G),持续35d。从颈静脉采集血样;将牛屠宰,采集脂肪蓄积组织,用于体外分析脂肪生成与分解。与LI组相比,HI组血液胰高血糖素浓度升高(P=0.04);与r-SH相比,A-SH有增加胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-I)循环的趋势(P=0.08);与A-SH相比,A-G有提高T_3浓度的趋势(P=0.09)。脂肪分解,由非酯化脂肪酸(NEFA)释放评价,各处理间没有差异。与LI组相比,HI组肠系膜和皮下甘油释放增加或有增加的趋势(P≤0.08)。与A-SH组相比,A-G组网膜甘油释放增加(P=0.008),皮下甘油释放趋向增加(P=0.08)。随代谢能摄入量的增加和淀粉分解产物的注入,所有脂肪蓄积组织中,合成总中性脂肪(TNL)的醋酸盐增加或有增加的趋势(P≤0.09)。随淀粉分解产物的注入,所有脂肪蓄积组织中,合成脂肪酸(FA)的醋酸盐比率增大或有增大的趋势(P≤0.1);但随代谢能摄入量的增加,只有皮下脂肪蓄积组织中,合成脂肪酸的醋酸盐比率增大(P=0.02)。与r-SH组相比,A-SH组,在肠系膜脂肪蓄积组织中,合成脂肪酸和总中性脂肪的醋酸盐比率显著增加(P≤0.03);但是淀粉分解产物的注入位置对皮下和网膜脂肪蓄积组织中的比率没有影响。采食日粮和注入能量,肠系膜和皮下脂肪蓄积组织中,合成总中性脂肪的葡萄糖增加或有增加的趋势(P≤0.1);然而网膜组织中,只有注入淀粉分解产物,其才有增加的趋势(P=0.1)。相对而言,合成脂肪酸的葡萄糖,不受提供的能量影响;注入淀粉分解产物,对肠系膜组织中合成脂肪酸的葡萄糖有增加的趋势(P=0.07);与A-SH组相比,A-G组网膜组织中合成脂肪酸的葡萄糖趋向增加(P=0.08)。全身脂肪蓄积组织中,合成脂肪酸和总中性脂肪的醋酸盐混合比率关系为:皮下>网膜>肠系膜,而葡萄糖混合比率相当。试验结果证明,能量过瘤胃供给,尤其是碳水化合物,刺激来源于醋酸盐和葡萄糖的脂肪生成,与皮下脂肪蓄积组织相比,腹部组织更显著。

关键词：牛碳水化合物脂肪代谢

Ischemic penumbra in retina endures： vascular neuropathology is reconciled

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Neural regeneration research 2016年第5期11卷 737-739页

作者： David mcleod Academic Department Manchester Royal Eye Hospital and University of Manchester Centre for Ophthalmology & Vision ResearchManchester UK

A physiological state of＂normoxia＂obtains when tissue oxygen tension（pO_2）is sufficient to drive mitochondrial respiration throughout a volume of *** 30-40%of the available oxygen is normally extracted from hemogl... 详细信息

关键词： Ischemic penumbra in retina endures vascular neuropathology is reconciled

Liquid deposition photolithography for submicrometer resolution three-dimensional index structuring with large throughput

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Light(Science & Applications) 2013年第1期2卷 209-214页

作者： Adam C Urness Eric D Moore keith k kamysiak Michael C Cole robert r mcleod Department of Electrical Engineering University of Colorado at BoulderBoulderCO 80309USA.

Photonic devices increasingly require three-dimensional control of refractive index,but existing fabrication methods such as femtosecond micromachining,multilayer lithography and bulk diffusion can only address a select scale range,are often limited in complexity or thickness and have low *** introduce a new fabrication method and polymeric material that can efficiently create mm^(3) optical devices with programmable,gradient index of refraction with arbitrary feature *** contrast of 0.1 is demonstrated,which is 100 times larger than femtosecond micromachining,and 20 times larger than commercial holographic *** is achieved by repetitive microfluidic layering of a self-developing photopolymer structured by projection *** process has the unusual property that total fabrication time for a fixed thickness decreases with the number of layers,enabling fabrication 10^(5) faster than femtosecond *** demonstrate the process by sequentially writing 100 layers to fabricate a mm thick waveguide array.

关键词： holographic photopolymers lithography photonic device fabrication single photon polymerization three-dimensional structuring

resilience:Lessons to be learned from safety and acceptable risk

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Journal of Safety Science and resilience 2021年第4期2卷 253-257页

作者： kosovac Anna Tom mcleod Logan Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology The University of MelbourneAustralia Civil and Natural resources Engineering The University of CanterburyNew Zealand

It is not unusual to see the concept of resilience housed in binary terms:Your city is either‘resilient’or *** contrast,being‘safe’is widely recognized as a statement based on‘acceptable risk’where absolute safety is *** why do we treat resilience and,as an example,the idea of“resilient Cities”as a distinct endpoint?In this paper,we argue that this mindset is not only incongruent with current understandings of safety and risk but could create a false sense of security for systems that otherwise have been judged‘resilient’.An alternative is that we can and should consider framing resilience in the same manner as we do to *** benefit of doing this is that we can learn from the safety literature and appreciate that,like for safety,there is no such thing as absolute ***,we should be striving to constantly identify and reduce the risks to our systems and society.

关键词： risk analysis Safety risk assessment resilient resilience Urban Cities Disaster management

roles of autophagy in lymphocytes： reflections and directions

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2010年第2期7卷 104-107页

作者： Ian X mcleod Youwen He Department of Immunology Duke University Medical Center Durham NC USA

recent studies have revealed that autophagy, a fundamental intracellular process, plays many different roles in lymphocyte development and function. Autophagy regulates naive T-lymphocyte homeostasis, specifically by regulating mitochondrial quality and turnover, and is necessary for the proliferation of mature T cells. Autophagy also acts as a cellular death pathway in lymphocytes, both upon prolonged cytokine withdrawal and during acute antigen-receptor stimulation if improperly regulated. Furthermore, during HIV infection, hyperinduction of autophagy leads to massive T-cell death in uninfected CD4＋ T cells, and is rescued by inhibiting autophagic initiation. Constitutively high levels of autophagy in thymic epithelial cells are necessary for optimal processing and presentation of endogenous antigens, and required for proper positive and negative selection of developing thymocytes. Autophagy also promotes the survival of B lymphocytes, as well as the development of early B-cell progenitors. In B cells, autophagy is an alternative death pathway, as antigen-receptor stimulation in the absence of costimulation induces a potent autophagic death. Thus, autophagy plays a complex role in lymphocytes and is regulated during their lifespan to ensure a healthy immune system.

关键词： apoptosis autophagy homeostasis lymphocytes

Subgroup comparison of COVID-19 case and mortality with associated factors in Mississippi: findings from analysis of the first four months of public data

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The Journal of Biomedical research 2020年第6期34卷 446-457页

作者： Lei Zhang Stephanie T.mcleod rodolfo Vargas Xiaojian Liu Dorthy k.Young Thomas E.Dobbs Office of Health Data and research Mississippi State Department of HealthJacksonMS 39215USA School of Social Work College of Education and Human Sciencesthe University of Southern MississippiHattiesburgMS 39406USA Office of Health Data Operationsand ResearchMississippi State Department of HealthJacksonMS 39215USA Office of State Health Officer Mississippi State Department of HealthJacksonMS 39215USA.

We compared subgroup differences in COVID-19 case and mortality and investigated factors associated with case and mortality rate(Mr)measured at the county level in *** were based on data published by the Mississippi State Department of Health between March 11 and July 16,*** COVID-19 case rate and case fatality rate(CFr)differed by gender and race,while Mr only differed by *** aged 80 years or older and those who live in a non-metro area had a higher case rate,CFr,and *** controlling for selected factors,researchers found that the percent of residents who are obese,low income,or with certain chronic conditions were associated with the county COVID-19 case rate,CFr,and/or Mr,though some were negatively *** findings may help the state to identify counties with higher COVID-19 case rate,CFr,and Mr based on county demographics and the degree of its chronic conditions.

关键词： COVID-19 case rate case fatality rate mortality rate