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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2015年第6期8卷 1229-1233页

作者： Nagib du Toit Hamza Mustak colin Cook University of Cape Town/Groote Schuur Hospital

AIMTo determine the visual outcomes in adult patients who sustained open globe injuries and to determine whether the visual prognosis following an eye injury in an African setting differs from the predicted outcomes according to the Ocular Trauma Score (OTS) study. A secondary aim was to establish the evisceration rate for these injuries and assess how this form of intervention affected outcomes in comparison to the *** prospective case series of all patients admitted with open globe injuries over a two-year (July 2009 to June 2011) period. Injuries were scored using the OTS and the surgical intervention was recorded. The best corrected visual acuity at three months was regarded as visual *** were 249 open globe injuries, of which 169 patients (169 eyes) completed the 3-month follow-up. All patients underwent primary surgery, 175 (70.3%) repairs, 61 (24.5%) eviscerations and 13 (5.2%) other procedures. Globe eviscerations were mainly done on OTS Category 1 cases, but outcomes in this category were not found to be different from OTS outcomes. Outcomes were significantly worse in Category 2, but when the entire distribution was tested, the differences were not statistically significant. The overall association between OTS outcomes and the final visual outcomes in this study was found to be a strong (Pies will influence management decisions and patient expectations. The OTS is a valuable tool, the use of which has been validated in many parts of the world-it may also be a valid predictor in an African setting.

关键词： ocular trauma open globe injuries Ocular Trauma Score evisceration and visual outcomes

Otilonium bromide in irritable bowel syndrome:A dose-ranging randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第34期20卷 12283-12291页

作者： Danuta Chmielewska-Wilkoń Giorgio Reggiardo colin Gerard Egan Department of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Gabinet Endoskopii Przewodu PokarmowegoSzewska31-009 KrakowPoland Medi Service World Trade Center16149 GenoaItaly Primula Multimedia SRL 56121 PisaItaly

AIM: To examine the efficacy and safety of otilonium bromide (OB) in treatment-sensitive functional irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) clinical parameters.

关键词： Otilonium bromide Irritable bowel syndrome Spasmolytic Acute treatment

Factors associated with breastfeeding duration:a prospective cohort study in Sichuan Province,China

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2015年第3期11卷 232-238页

作者： Li Tang Andy H Lee colin W Binns School of Public Health Curtin UniversityPerthAustralia

Background:The World Health Organization(WHO)recommends exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months and continued breastfeeding thereafter with appropriate complementary foods for at least 2 years or *** study aimed to determine the factors associated with breastfeeding duration in Sichuan Province of ***:A prospective longitudinal study of 695 women,with a follow-up response rate of 71.9%,was conducted in Jiangyou,Sichuan Province in the period of *** were interviewed at discharge and followed up by telephone at 1,3,6 and 12 months *** duration was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier *** regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with the breastfeeding ***:The median duration of"any breastfeeding"was 8.0[95%confidence interval(CI):7.8,8.2]*** age less than 25 years[adjusted hazard ratio(HR):1.61;95%CI:1.32,1.96]and maternal return to work before 6 months postpartum(adjusted HR:1.69;95%CI:1.32,2.17)were associated with a shorter duration of *** who delivered at hospital(adjusted HR:1.33;95%CI:1.05,1.67),introduced solid foods(adjusted HR:130;95%CI:1.02,1.64)and intended to stop breastfeeding within 6 months,or undecided how long to breastfeed(adjusted HR:1.41;95%CI:1.16,1.72),were more likely to terminate lactation within 1 ***:The duration of breastfeeding in Jiangyou was far below the recommendation of the *** programs targeting vulnerable subgroups of mothers should be provided in Sichuan to help them maintain breastfeeding as long as possible.

关键词： breastfeeding cohort study solid foods working mother

A high-resolution clay mineralogical record in the northern South China Sea since the Last Glacial Maximum,and its time series provenance analysis

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2010年第35期55卷 4058-4068页

作者： LIU ZhiFei LI XiaJing colin Christophe GE HuangMin State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China Laboratoire IDES UMR 8148 CNRS Universit~ de Paris XI Orsay 91405 France

High-resolution clay mineralogical analysis of Core MD05-2904 in the northern South China Sea(SCS) covering the period since the Last Glacial Maximum shows that illite(29%-48%),smectite(14%-45%),chlorite(17%-28%),and minor kaolinite(6%-14%) comprise the clay mineral assemblage,and that time series variation does not present glacial-interglacial *** analysis indicates three end-member sources:almost all smectite derives from Luzon,all kaolinite is sourced from the Pearl River,and illite and chlorite originate from both the Pearl River and *** comparing clay mineral compositions in surface sediments from the three major source areas and of the SCS,we reconstructed a time series of clay mineral contribution from the major provenances to the northern slope of the SCS using the linear separation method for illite *** were three stages of provenance change.(1) During 24.1-17.5 ka BP,contributions from Taiwan and Luzon were similar(30%-40%),while that from the Pearl River was only 25%.(2) During 17.5-14.0 ka BP,the contribution from Luzon decreased rapidly to 20%-25%,while that from Taiwan increased to 35% from an average of 25% at 18 ka BP,and that from the Pearl River increased largely to 40%.(3) During the Holocene,differences in contributions from the three major provenances increased:the contribution from Luzon increased slightly and then remained at 27%-35%,that from Taiwan increased rapidly and then remained at 55%-60%,and that from the Pearl River decreased to 15%.The change in clay mineral contributions from different provenances is influenced mainly by clay mineral production,monsoon rainfall denudation,oceanic current transport,and sea-level change.

关键词：粘土矿物南海北部时间序列高分辨率中国海末次盛冰期 Sea 珠江源

Comparison of properties of traditional and accelerated carbonated solidified/stabilized contaminated soils

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2008年第5期20卷 593-598页

作者： LIU Jiangying XU Dimin XIONG Lan colin HILLS Paula CAREY Kevin GARDNER State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China Department of Civil Engineering University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TTUnited Kingdom Centre for Contaminated Land Remediation Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Greenwich Chatham Maritime Kent ME4 4TB United Kingdom Department of Civil Engineering University of New Hampshire Durham NH03824 USA

The investigation of the long-term performance of solidified/stabilized （S/S） contaminated soils was carried out in a trial site in southeast UK. The soils were exposed to the maximum natural weathering for four years and sampled at various depths in a controlled manner. The chemical properties （e.g., degree of carbonation （DOC）, pH, electrical conductivity （EC）） and physical properties （e.g., moisture content （MC）, liquid limit CLL）, plastic limit （PL）, plasticity index （PI）） of the samples untreated and treated with the traditional and accelerated carbonated S/S processes were analyzed. Their variations on the depths of the soils were also studied. The result showed that the broad geotechnical properties of the soils, manifested in their PIs, were related to the concentration of the water soluble ions and in particular the free calcium ions. The samples treated with the accelerated carbonation technology （ACT）, and the untreated samples contained limited number of free calcium ions in solutions and consequently interacted with waters in a similar way. Compared with the traditional cement-based S/S technology, e.g., treatment with ordinary portland cement （OPC） or EnvirOceM, ACT caused the increase of the PI of the treated soil and made it more stable during long-term weathering. The PI values for the four soils ascended according to the order： the EnvirOceM soil, the OPC soil, the ACT soil, and the untreated soil while their pH and EC values descended according to the same order.

关键词： solidified/stabilized accelerated carbonation contaminated soil electrical conductivity liquid limit plastic limit plasticity index

Surface Modification by Nitrogen Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation on Austenitic AISI 304 Stainless Steel

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2016年第4期23卷 380-384页

作者： Miguel CASTRO-colin William DURRER Jorge A. LOPEZ Enrique RAMIREZ-HOMS Max Plank Institute for Intelligente Systems Stuttgart 70569Baden-wurttembergGermany Physics Department University of TexasEl Paso TX79968-0515TexasUSA

Surfaces of AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel plates nitrided by plasma immersion ion implantation （PⅢ） technology were studied by means of Auger electron spectroscopy （AES） and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） to determine the effect of the nitriding process on the surface and subjacent layers. Elemental compositions obtained by AES and XPS at varying depths indicate that the saturation of N is relatively constant as a function of depth, indicating the reliability of PⅢ technology for substirface saturation. It is concluded that the concentrations of both Cr and O increase with depth, the subjacent oxide is driven by the Ar^＋ sputtering process used to access the lower layers, and then N is bound to Cr.

关键词： PⅢ technology AISI 304 XPS AES surface modification

GIScience research challenges for realizing discrete global grid systems as a Digital Earth

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Big Earth Data 2022年第3期6卷 358-379页

作者： Majid Hojati colin Robertson Steven Roberts Chiranjib Chaudhuri Department of Geography and Environmental Studies Wilfrid Laurier UniversityWaterlooONCanada Coldwater Laboratory University of SaskatchewanCanmoreABCanada

Increasing data resources are available for documenting and detecting changes in environmental,ecological,and socioeconomic ***,data are distributed across a wide variety of sources(*** silos)and published in a variety of formats,scales,and semantic representations.A key issue,therefore,in building systems that can realize a vision of earth system monitoring remains data *** global grid systems(DGGSs)have emerged as a key technology that can provide a common multi-resolution spatial fabric in support of Digital Earth ***,DGGSs remain in their infancy with many technical,conceptual,and operational *** renewed interest in DGGS brought on by a recently proposed standard,the demands of big data,and growing needs for monitoring environmental changes across a variety of scales,we seek to highlight current challenges that we see as central to moving the field(s)and technologies of DGGS *** each of the identified challenges,we illustrate the issue and provide a potential solution using a reference DGGS *** articulation of these challenges,we hope to identify a clear research agenda,expand the DGGS research footprint,and provide some ideas for moving forward towards a scaleable Digital Earth *** such challenges helps the GIScience research community to achieve the real benefits of DGGS and provides DGGS an opportunity to play a role in the next generation of GIS.

关键词： DGGS discrete global grid systems GIScience Digital Earth

Evaluating provincial-level employment challenge during the coal transition in China

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2022年第5期13卷 729-737页

作者： Caitlin HAMILTON Jiawei SONG Ryna CUI colin OLSON Diyang CUI Center for Global Sustainability School of Public PolicyUniversity of MarylandCollege Park 20742USA

As China works to move away from coal in its energy system as a critical strategy to achieve carbon neutrality before 2060,there are several challenges which will affect the coal *** challenge that has not been fully explored is the impact on coal *** are millions of people employed in various sectors along the coal supply chain,including mining,processing,transport,and power *** this study,we developed a framework to understand the magnitude and characteristics of the employment challenges associated with the coal transition across ***,the magnitude and characteristics of the challenges are evaluated from multiple dimensions,including existing coal sector employment,coal production,coal consumption,GDP contribution from the coal industry,and coal mining productivity,to explore how the transition of the coal industry will likely affect different *** results showed that provinces with large total coal employment today are often those with high coal production and consumption,high GDP contribution from the coal industry,and low productivity of coal *** found that employment impacts of a coal transition will not be equally distributed in China,as both the magnitude and characteristics of the employment challenges vary substantially across all *** is therefore important to develop a tailored strategy to tackle specific needs for each province.

关键词： Coal transition Just transition Coal employment Province China

Probiotic bacteria change Escherichia coli-induced gene expression in cultured colonocytes:Implications in intestinal pathophysiology

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第47期13卷 6370-6378页

作者： Pinaki Panigrahi Gheorghe T Braileanu Hegang Chen O colin Stine Departments of Pediatrics University of Maryland School of Medicine 22 South Greene Street Baltimore MD 21201 United States Department of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine University of Maryland School of Medicine 22 South Greene Street Baltimore MD 21201 United States Genomics Core University of Maryland School of Medicine 22 South Greene Street Baltimore MD 21201 United States

AIM: To investigate the change in eukaryotic gene expression profile in Caco-2 cells after infection with strains of Escherichia coli and commensal probiotic bacteria. METHODS: A 19 200 gene/expressed sequence tag gene chip was used to examine expression of genes after infection of Caco-2 cells with strains of normal flora E. coli,Lactobacillus plantarum,and a combination of the two. RESULTS: The cDNA microarray revealed up-regulation of 155 and down-regulation of 177 genes by E. coli . L. plantarum up-regulated 45 and down-regulated 36 genes. During mixed infection,27 genes were up-regulated and 59 were down-regulated,with nullification of stimulatory/inhibitory effects on most of the genes. Expression of several new genes was noted in this group. CONCLUSION: The commensal bacterial strains used in this study induced the expression of a large number of genes in colonocyte-like cultured cells and changed the expression of several genes involved in important cellular processes such as regulation of transcription,protein biosynthesis,metabolism,cell adhesion,ubiquitination,and apoptosis. Such changes induced by the presence of probiotic bacteria may shape the physiologic and pathologic responses they trigger in the host.

关键词： Lactobacillus Escherichia coli Gene expression Probiotic cDNA microarray

Prime waterfront real estate： Apple snails choose wild taro for oviposition sites

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Current Zoology 2011年第5期57卷 630-641页

作者： colin H. KYLE Alexis W. KROPF Romi L. BURKS Department of Ecology and Evolution University of Chicago Chicago IL 60637 USA Department of Biology Southwestern University Georgetown TX 78626 USA

While difficult to prevent introductions, scientific research can help guide control efforts of exotic, invasive species. South American island apple snails Pomacea insularum have quickly spread across the United States Gulf Coast and few control measures exist to delay their spread. Usually occupying cryptic benthic habitats, female apple snails crawl out of the water to de-posit large, bright pink egg clutches on emergent objects. To help identify the most likely place to find and remove clutches, we conducted four lab experiments to investigate what specific object qualifies （i.e. material; shape and height; plant species; natural and artificial） attracted P. insularum females to lay clutches. In our fourth experiment, we specifically examined the relationship between female size and reproductive output. To further understand reproductive output, we quantified experimental clutch chara-cteristics （height above water, dimensions, mass, approximate volume, number of eggs, hatching efficiency）. Pomacea insu-larum females laid more clutches on plant material, chose round over flat surfaces and failed to differentiate between tall and short structures. In comparison to a common native plant in the eastern US, Pontederia cordata, snails clearly preferred to lay clutches on a widely distributed exotic, invasive plant （wild taro, Colocasia esculenta）. Unexpectedly, smaller snails showed higher overall total fecundity as well as more eggs per clutch than larger snails. Therefore, hand removal efforts of large fe-males may not be enough to slow down clutch production. Collectively, our results indicate that conservationists and managers should search emergent plants for P. insularum clutches carefully to guard against established populations [Current Zoology 57 （5）： 630-641, 2011].

关键词： Colocasia Wild taro Fecundity Substrate Reproduction Facilitation