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Mantle avalanches in a Venus-like stagnant lid planet

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第5期8卷 686-702页

作者： Madeleine c.Kerr Dave r.Stegman Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California

Stagnant lid planets are characterized by a globe-encircling, conducting lid that is thick and strong, which leads to reduced global surface heat flows. consequently, the mantles of such planets can have warmer interiors than Earth, and interestingly, a pyrolitic mantle composition under warmer conditions is predicted to have a distinctly different mantle transition zone compared to the present-day Earth(Hirose, 2002; Stixrude and Lithgow-Bertelloni, 2011; Ichikawa et al., 2014; Dannberg et al, 2022). Instead of olivine primarily transforming into its higher-pressure polymorphs such as wadsleyite and then ringwoodite, at pressures corresponding to410 km and 520 km depth in Earth, respectively, it instead transforms into a mineral assemblage of wadsleyite, majorite, and ferropericlase(WMF), and then to majorite + ferropericlase(MF), before finally transforming into bridgmanite at pressures corresponding to 660 km depth in Earth(Stixrude and Lithgow-Bertelloni, 2011; Ichikawa et al., 2014). convective motions in stagnant lid planets are dominated by small-scale instabilities(cold drips) forming within the mobile rheological sublayer under the rigid lid. Using ASPEcT and a thermodynamic model of a pyrolitic mantle composition generated by HeFESTo, we show that under certain conditions, the small drips can pond atop the WMF-MF mineral phase transition. The barrier to convective flow arises from the WMF mineral phase assemblage having an effective negative thermal expansivity(Stixrude and Lithgow-Bertelloni, 2022). Although large-scale downwellings that typically occur within mobile lid planets are able to pass through the WMF zone without difficulty(Dannberg et al., 2022; Li rP et al.,2024), the smaller and less negatively buoyant nature of downwelling drips in stagnant lid planets are more susceptible to these effects,which leads to an ephemeral layering of the mantle. Our numerical models show that in stagnant lid planets with mantle potential temperatures that exceed

关键词： Venus mantle avalanches numerical modelling phase transitions

Effects of dust controls on respirable coal mine dust composition and particle sizes:case studies on auxiliary scrubbers and canopy air curtain

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International Journal of coal Science & Technology 2024年第3期11卷 86-101页

作者： F.Animah c.Keles W.r.reed E.Sarver Department of Mining and Minerals Engineering Virginia Polytechnic Institute&State UniversityBlacksburgVAUSA National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health(NIOSH) PittsburghPAUSA

control of dust in underground coal mines is critical for mitigating both safety and health *** decades,the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health(NIOSH)has led research to evaluate the effectiveness of various dust control technologies in coal *** studies have included the evaluation of auxiliary scrubbers to reduce respirable dust downstream of active mining and the use of canopy air curtains(cAcs)to reduce respirable dust in key operator *** detailed dust characterization was not a focus of such studies,this is a growing area of *** preserved filter samples from three previous NIOSH studies,the current work aims to explore the effect of two different scrubbers(one wet and one dry)and a roof bolter cAc on respirable dust composition and particle size *** this,the preserved filter samples were analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis and/or scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive *** indicate that dust composition was not appreciably affected by either scrubber or the ***,the wet scrubber and cAc appeared to decrease the overall particle size *** an effect of the dry scrubber was not consistently observed,but this is probably related to the particular sampling location downstream of the scrubber which allowed for significant mixing of the scrubber exhaust and other return *** from the insights gained with respect to the three specific dust control case studies revisited here,this work demonstrates the value of preserved dust samples for follow-up investigation more broadly.

关键词： respirable dust Dust control SEM–EDX Scrubber canopy air curtain Silica

Investigations of nuclear chirality at iThemba LABS

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Frontiers of physics 2024年第2期19卷 7-38页

作者： r.A.Bark E.A.Lawrie c.Liu S.Y.Wang iThemba Laboratory for Accelerator Based Sciences National Research FoundationP.O.Box 722Somerset-West 7129South Africa Department of Physics University of the Western CapePrivate Bag X177535BellvilleSouth Africa Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment Institute of Space SciencesShandong UniversityWeihai 264209China

Progress in the studies of chirality in atomic nuclei at iThemba LABS is *** regions of chirality,around mass 80 and 190 have been discovered using the AFrODITE array,specifically in the nuclei^(74)As,^(78,80,82)Br,^(81)Kr,and^(193,194,198)*** phenomena have been observed,including multiple chiral bands in the same nucleus,the coexistence of octupole correlations and nuclear chirality,and the coexistence of pseudo spin and nuclear *** best example of chiral degeneracy to date was found in ^(194)*** level scheme of ^(106)Ag has been revisited and interpreted in terms of two-and four-quasiparticle *** using the particle-rotor model have shown that the fingerprints of chirality in the two-quasiparticle system only can occur in an idealised model *** systems with a higher number of quasiparticles,the calculations showed that nuclear chirality can persist.

关键词： chirality high-spin states particle-rotor model

convergent plate boundary environments for formation of≥3800 Ma mafic-ultramafic assemblages(Isua area,Greenland):Implications for early global geodynamics

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Geoscience Frontiers 2024年第3期15卷 119-136页

作者： Allen P.Nutman clark r.L.Friend Vickie c.Bennett School of Earth Atmospheric and Life SciencesUniversity of WollongongWollongongNSW 2522Australia Glendale TiddingtonOxon OX92LQUK research School of Earth Sciences Australian National UniversityCanberraACT 2601Australia

In the gneiss terrane on the south side of the Eoarchean Isua supracrustal belt,ultramafic rocks with relict abyssal peridotite mineralogy(Bennett et al.,2002;Friend et al.,2002;Nutman et al.,2007;rollinson,2007;van de Löcht et al.,2020),layered gabbros with cumulate ultramafic rocks,basalts and associated siliceous sedimentary rocks were tectonically-imbricated,prior to and during intrusion of ca.3800 Ma *** with3800 Ma basalts in the Outer Arc Group of the nearby Isua supracrustal belt,the composition of all these mafic rocks(e.g.,Th-Hf-Nb systematics,high Th/Yb,Ba/Nb,Ba/Yb ratios and negative Nb and Ti anomalies)shows affinity with modern suprasubduction rocks whose genesis involved fluid fluxing of the upper ***,the majority of these samples have Ba/Nb and Ba/Yb values less than in modern island arc magmas,but similar to many backarc basin magmas(e.g.,Pearce and Stern,2006).It is unknown whether these ca.3800 Ma mafic rocks are,(i)arc rocks where the Ba/Nb and Ba/Yb signatures reflect lower surficial Ba in Eoarchean oceanic settings,or(ii)in direct comparison with Phanerozoic suites,these signatures reflect a back-arc setting with interplay between fluid fluxing and decompressional *** tectonic intercalation of upper mantle with lower and upper crustal rocks,combined with the fluid-fluxing influences seen in chemistry of all the mafic rocks is best accommodated in a compressional Eoarchean convergent plate boundary setting within a mobile-lid *** stagnant lid scenarios of crust formation,if operative,must have co-existed or alternated with mobile-lid regimes by 3800 Ma.

关键词： Eoarchean Fluid-fluxing Plate tectonics Suprasubduction crustal evolution

cannabinoids and endocannabinoids as therapeutics for nervous system disorders:preclinical models and clinical studies

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Neural regeneration research 2024年第4期19卷 788-799页

作者： r.Scott Duncan Sean M.riordan Matthew c.Gernon Peter Koulen Department of Ophthalmology School of MedicineUniversity of Missouri Department of Biomedical Sciences School of MedicineUniversity of Missouri

cannabinoids are lipophilic substances derived from cannabis sativa that can exert a variety of effects in the human *** have been studied in cellular and animal models as well as in human clinical trials for their therapeutic benefits in several human *** of these include central nervous system(cNS)diseases and dysfunctions such as forms of epilepsy,multiple sclerosis,Parkinson’s disease,pain and neuropsychiatric *** addition,the endogenously produced cannabinoid lipids,endocannabinoids,are critical for normal cNS function,and if controlled or modified,may represent an additional therapeutic avenue for cNS *** review discusses in vitro cellular,ex vivo tissue and in vivo animal model studies on cannabinoids and their utility as therapeutics in multiple cNS *** addition,the review provides an overview on the use of cannabinoids in human clinical trials for a variety of cNS *** and endocannabinoids hold promise for use as disease modifiers and therapeutic agents for the prevention or treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and neurological disorders.

关键词： anandamide cannabidiol cannabinoid endocannabinoid epilepsy multiple sclerosis neurodegeneration neuroprotection tetrahydrocannabinol

Efficient guiding and focusing of intense laser pulse using periodic thin slits

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Matter and radiation at Extremes 2024年第4期9卷 29-39页

作者： L.Xu T.W.Huang K.Jiang c.N.Wu H.Peng P.c.hen r.Li H.B.Zhuo c.T.Zhou Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultraintense Laser and Advanced Material Technology Center for Intense Laser ApplicationTechnologyand College of Engineering PhysicsShenzhen Technology UniversityShenzhen 518118People’s Republic of China

Slits have been widely used in laser-plasma interactions as plasma optical components for generating high-harmonic light and controlling laser-driven particle ***,we propose and demonstrate that periodic thin slits can be regarded as a new breed of optical elements for efficient focusing and guiding of intense laser *** fundamental physics of intense laser interaction with thin slits is studied,and it is revealed that relativistic effects can lead to enhanced laser focusing far beyond the pure diffractive focusing *** addition,the interaction of an intense laser pulse with periodic thin slits makes it feasible to achieve multifold enhancement in both laser intensity and energy transfer efficiency compared with conventional *** results provide a novel method for manipulating ultra-intense laser pulses and should be of interest for many laser-based applications.

关键词： laser pulse intense

Summarizing the evidence for robotic-assisted bladder neck reconstruction: Systematic review of patency and incontinence outcomes

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Asian Journal of Urology 2024年第3期11卷 341-347页

作者： Tenny r.Zhang Ashley Alford Lee c.Zhao Department of Urology NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNYUSA Department of Urology NYU Langone Medical CenterNew YorkNYUSA

Objective:Bladder neck contracture and vesicourethral anastomotic stenosis are difficult to manage endoscopically,and open repair is associated with high rates of *** recent years,there have been increasing reports of robotic-assisted bladder neck reconstruction in the ***,existing studies are small,heterogeneous case *** objective of this study was to perform a systematic review of robotic-assisted bladder neck reconstruction to better evaluate patency and incontinence ***:We performed a systematic review of PubMed from first available date to May 2023 for all studies evaluating robotic-assisted reconstructive surgery of the bladder neck in adult *** in non-English,author replies,editorials,pediatric-based studies,and reviews were *** of interest were patency and incontinence rates,which were pooled when ***:After identifying 158 articles on initial search,we included only ten studies that fit all aforementioned criteria for robotic-assisted bladder neck *** were case series published from March 2018 to March 2022 ranging from six to 32 men,with the median follow-up of 5e23 months.A total of 119 patients were included in our analysis.A variety of etiologies and surgical techniques were *** rates ranged from 50%to 100%,and pooled patency was 80%(95/119).De novo incontinence rates ranged from 0%to 33%,and pooled incontinence was 17%(8/47).Our findings were limited by small sample sizes,relatively short follow-ups,and heterogeneity between studies.

关键词： Bladder neck continence Incontinence Patency Posterior urethra reconstructive surgery robotic surgery Stenosis Stricture Surgical outcome

Is primary transcatheter aortic valve implantation the new normal?

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Journal of Geriatric cardiology 2024年第4期21卷 458-461页

作者： r.Anantharaman c.Sundar Kamal Kant Jena K.Arun Department of cardiology Kauvery HospitalChennaiIndia

Degenerative calcific aortic valve stenosis(AS)is the most common valvular heart disease in elderly.^[1] It is well documented that symptomatic severe AS follows a malignant course leading to cardiogenic shock(cS).

关键词： aortic stenosis implantation

Prediction and control of cholera outbreak:Study case of

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2024年第3期9卷 892-925页

作者： c.Hameni Nkwayep r.GlèlèKakaï S.Bowong Laboratory of Mathematics Department of Mathematics and Computer ScienceUniversity of DoualaPO Box 24157DoualaCameroon IrD Sorbonne UniversityUMMISCOF-93143BondyFrance Biomathematics and Forest Modeling University of Abomey-CalaviCalaviBenin

This paper deals with the problem of the prediction and control of cholera outbreak using real data of *** first develop and analyze a deterministic model with seasonality for the cholera,the novelty of which lies in the incorporation of undetected *** present the basic properties of the model and compute two explicit threshold parametersr_(0)and r_(0).that bound the effective reproduction number,from below and above,that is r_(0)≤r_(0)≤r_(0).We prove that cholera tends to disappear whenr_(0)≤1,while when r_(0)>1,cholera persists uniformly within the ***,assuming that the cholera transmission rates and the proportions of newly symptomatic are unknown,we develop the EnKf approach to estimate unmeasurable state variables and these unknown parameters using real data of cholera from 2014 to 2022 in *** use this result to estimate the upper and lower bound of the effective reproduction number and reconstructed active asymptomatic and symptomatic cholera cases in cameroon,and give a short-term forecasts of cholera in cameroon until *** simulations show that(i)the transmission rate from free Vibrio cholerae in the environment is more important than the human transmission and begin to be high few week after May and in October,(ii)90%of newly cholera infected cases that present the symptoms of cholera are not diagnosed and(iii)60.36%of asymptomatic are detected at 14%and 86%of them recover *** future trends reveals that an outbreak appeared from July to November 2023 with the number of cases reported monthly peaked in October *** impulsive control strategy is incorporated in the model with the aim to avoid or prevent the cholera *** the first year of monitoring,we observed a reduction of more than 75%of incidences and the disappearance of the peaks when no control are available in cameroon.A second monitoring of control led to a further reduction of around 60%of incidences the following year,showing how

关键词： Vibrio cholerae Mathematical models Ensemble Kalman filterBasic reproduction number Impulsive control