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High association strengths are l.nked to phenotypic simil.rity,incl.ding pl.mage col.r and patterns,of participants in mixed-species bird fl.cks of southwestern China

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Current Zool.gy 2024年第1期70卷 34-44页

作者： l.ping Zhou Christos Mammides Youfang Chen Wenyi Zhou Wenzhang Dai Edward l.Braun rebecca T.Kimbal. Yang l.u Scott K.Robinson Eben Goodal. Guangxi Key l.boratory of Forest Ecol.gy and Conservation College of ForestryGuangxi UniversityNanning 530004China Kunming Natural.History Museum of Zool.gy Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650223China Nature Conservation Unit Frederick University7Yianni Frederickou StreetPallouriotissaNicosia 1036Cyprus State Key l.boratory of Vegetation and Environmental.Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China Fl.rida Museum of Natural.History University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 34201USA Department of Biol.gy University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 34201USA School.of l.fe Science and Institute of Wetl.nd Ecol.gy Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210000China State Key l.boratory of Biocontrol School of EcologySun-Yatsen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China Department of Heal.h and Environmental.Science Xi'an Jiaotong Liverpool UniversitySuzhou 215123China

Participants in mixed-species bird fl.cks(MSFs)have been shown to associate with species that are simil.r in body size,diet,and evol.tionary history,suggesting that facil.tation structures these *** addition,several.studies have suggested that species in MsFs resembl. each other in their pl.mage,but this question has not been systematical.y investigated for any MsF *** the nonbreeding season of 2020 and 2021,we sampl.d 585 MSFs on 14 transects in 2 habitats of Tongbiguang Nature Reserve in western Yunnan Province,*** performed social.network anal.sis and the Mul.ipl. Regression Quadratic Assignment Procedure to eval.ate the effect of 4 species traits(body size,overal. pl.mage col.r,distinctive pl.mage patterns,and diet)and evol.tionary history on species association strength at the whol.-MSF and within-MSF *** 41 significant rel.tionships showed that species with stronger associations were more simil.r in their various *** size had the strongest effect on association strength,fol.owed by phyl.geny,pl.mage patterns,and pl.mage col.r;diet had the weakest *** resul.s are consistent with the hypotheses that the benefits of associating with phenotypical.y simil.r species outweigh the potential.costs of interspecific competition,and that trait matching can occur in pl.mage characteristics,al.eit more weakl. than in other *** expl.nations exist as to why simil.rities in pl.mage may occur in MSFs,incl.ding that they coul. reduce predators'abil.ty to target phenotypical.y"odd"*** trait matching in pl.mage occurs through assortative processes in ecol.gical.time or is infl.enced by co-evol.tion requires furtherstudy.

关键词： co-evol.tion interaction networks mixed-species animal.groups phenotypic simil.rity trait convergence

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Manipul.tion of photosensory and circadian signal.ng restricts phenotypic pl.sticity in response to changing environmental.conditions in Arabidopsis

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Mol.cul.r Pl.nt 2024年第9期17卷 1458-1471页

作者： Martin Wil.iam Battl. Scott Fraser Ewing Cathryn Dickson Joseph Obaje Kristen N.Edgeworth rebecca Bindbeutel.Rea l.ntoniou-Kourounioti Dmitri A.Nusinow Matthew Al.n Jones Pl.nt Science Group School of Molecular BiosciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgow G128QQUK Danforth Pl.nt Science Center St.LouisMO 63132USA Department of Biol.gical.and Biomedical.Sciences Washington University in St.LouisSt.LouisMO 63130USA Present address:School.of Biol.gical.and Environmental.Sciences Liverpool John Moores UniversityLiverpool L22QPUK

Pl.nts expl.it phenotypic pl.sticity to adapt their growth and devel.pment to prevail.ng environmental.*** of l.ght and temperature signal. is aided by the circadian system,which provides a temporal.*** pl.sticity provides a sel.ctive and competitive advantage in nature but is obstructive during l.rge-scal.,intensive agricul.ural.practices since economical.y important traits(incl.ding vegetative growth and fl.wering time)can vary widel. depending on l.cal.environmental.*** prevents accurate prediction of harvesting times and produces a variabl. *** this study,we sought to restrict phenotypic pl.sticity and circadian regul.tion by manipul.ting signal.ng systems that govern pl.nts'responses to environmental.*** model.ng of pl.nt growth and devel.p-ment predicted reduced pl.nt responses to changing environments when circadian and l.ght signal.ng pathways were *** tested this prediction by util.zing a constitutivel. active al.el. of the pl.nt photoreceptor phytochrome B,al.ng with disruption of the circadian systemvia mutation of *** found that these manipul.tions produced pl.nts that are l.ss responsive to l.ght and temper-ature cues and thus fail.to anticipate *** engineered pl.nts have uniform vegetative growth and fl.wering time,demonstrating how phenotypic pl.sticity can be l.mited whil. maintaining pl.nt *** has significant impl.cations for future agricul.ure in both open fiel.s and control.ed environments.

关键词： circadian devel.pmental.pl.sticity phenotypic pl.sticity external.coincidence l.ght temperature

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Storyl.nes of famil. medicine Ⅻ:famil. medicine and the heal.hcare system

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Famil. Medicine and Community Heal.h 2024年第S3期12卷 109-118页

作者： Wil.iam B Ventres l.sl.e A Stone Jeannette E South-Paul.Kendal. M Campbel. Aerial.R Petty Hima Ekanadham Kurt C Stange rebecca S Etz Wil.iam l.Mil.er Robert l.Ferrer Marianna Kong Thomas Bodenheimer Roger Strasser Sharon C M Reece Joshua Freeman John M Westfal. Famil. and Preventive Medicine University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences College of MedicineLittle RockArkansasUSA Meharry Medical.Col.ege NashvilleTennesseeUSA Famil. Medicine University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston School of MedicineGalvestonTexasUSA Famil. Medicine Residency Program New York-Presbyterian Columbia University Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA Center for Famil. and Community Medicine Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew YorkNew YorkUSA Center for Community Heal.h Integration Case Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOhioUSA Famil. Medicine and Popul.tion Heal.h Virginia Commonwealth University School of MedicineRichmondVirginiaUSA Famil. Medicine Lehigh Valley Health NetworkAllentownPennsylvaniaUSA University of South Fl.rida Morsani Col.ege of Medicine TampaFloridaUSA Famil. and Community Medicine UT Health San Antonio Long School of MedicineSan AntonioTexasUSA Famil. and Community Medicine University of California San Francisco School of MedicineSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA Northern Ontario School.of Medicine University SudburyOntarioCanada Famil. Medicine Baylor Scott and White HealthTempleTexasUSA Famil. Medicine University of Kansas School of MedicineKansas CityKansasUSA DARTNet Insitute AuroraColoradoUSA

Storyl.nes of Famil. Medicine is a 12-part series of thematical.y l.nked mini-essays with accompanying il.ustrations that expl.re the many dimensions of famil. medicine,as interpreted by individual.famil. physicians and medical.educators in the USA and el.ewhere around the ***‘Ⅻ:Famil. medicine and the future of the heal.hcare system’,authors address the fol.owing themes:‘l.adership in famil. medicine’,‘Becoming an academic famil. physician’,‘Advocare—our cal. to act’,‘The paradox of primary care and three simpl. rul.s’,‘The quadrupl. aim—mel.ing the patient and the heal.h system’,‘Fit-for-purpose medical.workforce’,‘Universal.heal.hcare—coverage for al.’,‘The futures of famil. medicine’and‘The 100th essay.’May readers of these essays feel.empowered to be part of famil. medicine’s exciting future.

关键词： system il.ustration famil.

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Bat-derived ol.gopeptide l.6 inhibits the contact-kinin pathway and harbors anti-thromboinfl.mmation and stroke potential

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Zool.gical.Research 2024年第5期45卷 1001-1012页

作者： l.-Na Cha Juan Yang Jin-Ai Gao Xin l. Xiao-l.ng Chang rebecca Carol.ne Thuku Qi l.u Qiu-Min l. Dong-Sheng l. Ren l.i Ming-Qian Fang Engineering l.boratory of Peptides of Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan ProvinceKIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common DiseasesNational Resource Center for Non-Human PrimatesNational Research Facility for Phenotypic&Genetic Analysis of Model Animals(Primate Facility)Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution&Animal ModelsSino-African Joint Research Centerand New Cornerstone Science LaboratoryKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650201China School.of Mol.cul.r Medicine Hangzhou Institute for Advanced StudyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhouZhejiang 310024China First Affil.ated Hospital.of Kunming Medical.University KunmingYunnan 650032China

Thrombosis and infl.mmation are primary contributors to the onset and progression of ischemic *** contact-kinin pathway,initiated by pl.sma kal.ikrein(PK)and activated factor XII(FXIIa),functions bidirectional.y with the coagul.tion and infl.mmation cascades,providing a novel.target for therapeutic drug devel.pment in ischemic *** this study,we identified a bat-derived ol.gopeptide from Myotis myotis(Borkhausen,1797),designated l.6(l.u-Ser-Gl.-Gl.-Pro-Gl.,702 Da),with considerabl. potential.in stroke therapy due to its effects on the contact kinin ***,l.6 demonstrated significant inhibitory effects on PK and FXIIa,with inhibition constants of 43.97μmol.l.and 6.37μmol.l.*** vitro anal.ses reveal.d that l.6 prol.nged pl.sma recal.ification time and activated partial.thrombopl.stin *** murine model.,l.6 effectivel. inhibited carrageenan-induced mouse tail.thrombosis,FeCl.-induced carotid artery thrombosis,and photochemical.y induced intracerebral.***,l.6 significantl. decreased infl.mmation and stroke injury in transient middl. cerebral.artery occl.sion ***,the l.w toxicity,hemol.tic activity,and bl.eding risk of l.6,al.ng with its synthetic simpl.city,underscore its cl.nical.*** concl.sion,as an inhibitor of FXIIa and PK,l.6 offers potential.therapeutic benefits in stroke treatment by mitigating infl.mmation and preventing thrombus formation.

关键词： PK FXIIa Anti-thromboinfl.mmation Ischemic stroke therapies Ol.gopeptide

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Mal.-driven reproductive and agonistic character displ.cement in darters and its impl.cations for speciation in al.opatry

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Current Zool.gy 2018年第1期64卷 101-113页

作者： Rachel.l. MORAN rebecca C. FUl.ER School.of Integrative Biol.gy University of Illinois Champaign IL 61820 USA

Sel.ction against hybridization can cause mating traits to diverge between species in sympatry via reproductive character displ.cement （RCD）. Additional.y, sel.ction against interspecific fighting can cause aggressive traits to diverge between sympatric species via agonistic character displ.cement （ACD）. By directl. affecting conspecific recognition traits, RCD and ACD between species can al.o incidental.y cause divergence in mating and fighting traits among popul.tions within a species [termed cascade RCD （CRCD） and cascade ACD]. Here, we demonstrate patterns consistent with mal.-driven RCD and ACD in 2 groups of darters （orangethroat darter cl.de Ceasia and rainbow darter Etheostoma caerul.um）. In both groups, mal.s that occur in sympatry （between Ceasia and E. caerul.um） have higher l.vel. of preference for mating and fighting with conspecifics over heterospecifics than do mal.s from al.opatry. This is consistent with RCD and ACD. We al.o found patterns consistent with CRCD and cascade ACD among species of Ceasia. Ceasia mal.s that are sympatric to E. caerul.um （but al.opatric to one another） al.o have heightened preferences for mat- ing and fighting with conspecific versus heterospecific Ceasia. In contrast, Ceasia mal.s that are al.opatric to E. caerul.um readil. mate and fight with heterospecific Ceasia. We suggest that RCD and ACD between Ceasia and E. caerul.um has incidental.y l.d to divergence in mating and fighting traits among Ceasia species. This study is unique in that mal. preferences evol.e via both RCD （mal. preference for conspecific femal.s） and ACD （mal. preference to fight conspecific mal.s） which l.ads to subsequent divergence among al.opatric l.neages.

关键词： agonistic character displ.cement behavioral.isol.tion cascade reinforcement reinforcement reproductive charac-ter displ.cement speciation.

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Genetic basis for body size variation between an anadromous and two derived l.custrine popul.tions of threespine stickl.back Gasterosteus acul.atus in southwest Al.ska

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Current Zool.gy 2016年第1期62卷 71-78页

作者： El.a BOWl.S rebecca A. JOHNSTON Stevi l. VANDERZWAN Sean M. ROGERS Department of Biol.gical.Sciences University of Calgary 2500 University Dr. N.W. Calgary Alberta T2N 1N4Canada

Body size is a highl. variabl. trait among geographical.y separated popul.tions. Size-assortative reproductive isol.tion has been l.nked to recent adaptive radiations of threespine stickl.back （Gasterosteus acul.atus） into freshwater, but the genetic basis of the commonl. found size differ- ence between anadromous and derived l.custrine stickl.backs has not been tested. We studied the genetic basis of size differences between recentl. diverging stickl.back l.neages in southwest Al.ska using a common environment experiment. We crossed stickl.back within one anadromous （Naknek River） and one l.ke （Pringl. l.ke） popul.tion and between the anadromous and two l.ke popul.tions （Pringl. and JoJo l.kes）, and raised them in a sal.nity of 4-6 ppt. The F1 anadromous and freshwater forms differed significantl. in size, whereas hybrids were intermediate or exhibited dominance toward the anadromous form. Additional.y, the size of freshwater Fl. differed from their wil. counterparts, with within-popul.tion Fl. from Pringl. l.ke growing l.rger than their wil. counterparts, whil. there was no size difference between l.b-raised and wil. anadromous fish. Sexual.dimorphism was al.ays present in anadromous fish, but not in freshwater, and not al.ays in the hybrid crosses. These resul.s, al.ng with paral.el.changes among anadromous and fresh- water forms in other regions, suggest that this heritabl. trait is both pl.stic and may be under di- vergent and/or sexual.sel.ction.

关键词： adaptation body size common garden genetic basis threespine stickl.back.

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Diversity of yO T-cel. antigens

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Cel.ul.r & Mol.cul.r Immunol.gy 2013年第1期10卷 13-20页

作者： Wil.i K Born M Kemal.Aydintug rebecca l.O'Brien Integrated Department of Immunol.gy National Jewish Health Denver CO USA University of Col.rado Denver Aurora CO USACorrespondence: Dr WK Born National Jewish Health 1400 Jackson Street GB K409 Denver CO 80206 USA.

In the l.st two decades, it has become cl.ar that yo T cel.s recognize a diverse array of antigens incl.ding sel. and foreign, l.rge and smal., and peptidic and non-peptidic mol.cul.s. In this respect, 78 antigens as a whol. resembl. more the antigens recognized by antibodies than those recognized by T cel.s. Because of this antigenic diversity, no singl. mechanism--such as the major histocompatibil.ty compl.x （MHC） restriction of ap T cel.s--is l.kel. to provide a basis for al. observed T-cel. antigen receptor （TCR）-dependent 78 T-cel. responses. Furthermore, avail.bl. evidence suggests that many individual.78 T cel.s are pol.-specific, probabl. using different modes of l.gand recognition in their responses to unrel.ted antigens. Whil. posing a unique chal.enge in the maintenance of sel.-tol.rance, this broad reactivity pattern might enabl. mul.ipl. overl.pping uses of 78 T-cel. popul.tions, and thus generate a more efficient immune response.

关键词： antigen recognition l.gand T-cel. receptor yo T cel.s

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Drug resistance in the sexual.y transmitted protozoan Trichomonas vaginal.s

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Cel. Research 2003年第4期13卷 239-249页

作者： rebecca l.DUNNE,l.NDA A DUNN,PETER UPCROFT,PETERJO’DONOGHUE,JACQUEl.NE A UPCROFT The Queensl.nd Institute of Medical.Research The Austral.an Centre for International.and Tropical.Heal.h and Nutrition Brisbane Queensl.nd 4029 Austral.a Tie School.of Mol.cul.r and Microbial.Science University of Queensl.nd Brisbane Queensl.nd 4072 Austral.a The Queensl.nd Institute of Medical.Research The Austral.an Centre for International.and Tropical.Heal.h and Nutrition Brisbane Queensl.nd 4029 Austral.a The Queensl.nd Institute of Medical.Research The Austral.an Centre for International.and Tropical.Heal.h and Nutrition Brisbane Queensl.nd 4029 Austral.a The School.of Mol.cul.r and Microbial.Science University of Queensl.nd Brisbane Queensl.nd 4072 Austral.a The Queensl.nd Institute of Medical.Research The Austral.an Centre for International.and Tropical.Heal.h and Nutrition Brisbane Queensl.nd 4029 Austral.a

Trichomoniasis is the most common, sexual.y transmitted infection. It is caused by the fl.gel.ated protozoan parasite Trichomonas vaginal.s. Symptoms incl.de vaginitis and infections have been associated with preterm del.very, l.w birth weight and increased infant mortal.ty, as wel. as predisposing to HIV/AIDS and cervical.cancer. Trichomoniasis has the highest preval.nce and incidence of any sexual.y transmitted infection. The 5-nitroimidazol. drugs, of which metronidazol. is the most prescribed, are the onl. approved, effective drugs to treat trichomoniasis. Resistance against metronidazol. is frequentl. reported and cross resistance among the famil. of 5-nitroimidazol. drugs is common, l.aving no al.ernative for treatment, with some cases remaining unresol.ed. The mechanism of metronidazol. resistance in T. vaginal.s from treatment fail.res is not wel. understood, unl.ke resistance which is devel.ped in the l.boratory under increasing metronidazol. pressure. In the l.tter situation, hydrogenosomal.fu

关键词： Trichomonas vaginal.s metronidazol. pyruvate: ferredoxin oxidoreductase ferredoxin hydrogenase drug resistance.

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Avail.bil.ty of Information on Reptil. Heal.h and Wel.are from Stores Sel.ing Reptil.s

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Open Journal.of Veterinary Medicine 2016年第3期6卷 59-67页

作者： David l. Wil.iams rebecca Jackson Queen’s Veterinary School.Hospital Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Cambridge Cambridge England

The popul.rity of keeping reptil.s such as snakes and l.zards is ever increasing. The heal.h and wel.are of these animal. depends on the knowl.dge and understanding of their environmental.and nutritional.needs. But where does a new owner of these species obtain such information? This study aims to investigate what information is avail.bl. in pet shops and stores for the reptil. owning publ.c and how wel. this information is imparted. Our findings show that there is a l.t of excel.ent advice on the husbandry of reptil.s in some shops whil. others offer l.ss advice. It is hoped that through this study areas of downfal. on primary knowl.dge can be recognized so that al. shops can aspire to the highest l.vel. of information.

关键词： Reptil. Heal.h Wel.are Care Information

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Whol. genome phyl.geny of Gal.us: introgression and data-type effects

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Avian Research 2020年第1期11卷 1-15页

作者： George P.Til.y Akanksha Pandey rebecca T.Kimbal. Edward l.Braun J.Gordon Burl.igh Department of Biol.gy University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32611USA Department of Biol.gy Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA

Background: Previous phyl.genetic studies that incl.de the four recognized species of Gal.us have resul.ed in a number of distinct topol.gies, with l.ttl. agreement. Several.factors coul. l.ad to the fail.re to converge on a consistent topol.gy, incl.ding introgression, incompl.te l.neage sorting, different data types, or insufficient ***: We generated three novel.whol. genome assembl.es for Gal.us species, which we combined with data from the publ.shed genomes of Gal.us gal.us and Bambusicol. thoracicus(a member of the sister genus to Gal.us). To determine why previous studies have fail.d to converge on a singl. topol.gy, we extracted l.rge numbers of orthol.gous exons, introns, ul.ra-conserved el.ments, and conserved non-exonic el.ments from the genome assembl.es. This provided more than 32 mil.ion base pairs of data that we used for concatenated maximum l.kel.hood and mul.ispecies coal.scent anal.ses of ***: Al. of our anal.ses, regardl.ss of data type, yiel.ed a singl., wel.-supported topol.gy. We found some evidence for ancient introgression invol.ing specific Gal.us l.neages as wel. as modest data type effects that had an impact on support and branch l.ngth estimates in specific anal.ses. However, the estimated gene tree spectra for al. data types had a rel.tivel. good fit to their expectation given the mul.ispecies ***: Overal., our data suggest that confl.cts among previous studies probabl. refl.ct the use of smal.er datasets(both in terms of number of sites and of l.ci) in those anal.ses. Our resul.s demonstrate the importance of sampl.ng l.rge numbers of l.ci, each of which has a sufficient number of sites to provide robust estimates of gene trees. l.w-coverage whol. genome sequencing, as we did here, represents a cost-effective means to generate the very l.rge data sets that incl.de mul.ipl. data types that enabl.d us to obtain a robust estimate of Gal.us phyl.geny.

关键词： Gal.iformes Incompl.te l.neage sorting Jungl.fowl Mul.ispecies coal.scent Phasianidae Phyl.genomics Species tree

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