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Identification of Software Bugs by Analyzing Natural Language-Based Requirements Using Optimized Deep Learning Features

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第3期78卷 4379-4397页

作者： Qazi mazhar ul Haq Fahim Arif Khursheed Aurangzeb Noor ul Ain Javed ali Khan Saddaf Rubab Muhammad Shahid Anwar Department of Computer Science and Engineering and International Bachelor’s Program in Informatics Yuan Ze UniversityZhongliTaoyuan320315Taiwan Department of Computer Science National University of PakistanRawalpindiPunjab46000Pakistan Department of Computer Software Engineering MCSNational University of Sciences and TechnologyIslamabad44000Pakistan Department of Computer Engineering College of Computer and Information SciencesKing Saud UniversityP.O.Box 51178Riyadh11543Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science School of PhysicsEngineering and Computer ScienceUniversity of HertfordshireHatfieldAL109ABUK Department of Computer Engineering College of Computing and InformaticsUniversity of SharjahSharjah27272United Arab Emirates Department of AI and Software Gachon UniversitySeongnam-SI13120South Korea

Software project outcomes heavily depend on natural language requirements,often causing diverse interpretations and issues like ambiguities and incomplete or faulty requirements.Researchers are exploring machine learning to predict software bugs,but a more precise and general approach is needed.Accurate bug prediction is crucial for software evolution and user training,prompting an investigation into deep and ensemble learning methods.However,these studies are not generalized and efficient when extended to other datasets.Therefore,this paper proposed a hybrid approach combining multiple techniques to explore their effectiveness on bug identification problems.The methods involved feature selection,which is used to reduce the dimensionality and redundancy of features and select only the relevant ones;transfer learning is used to train and test the model on different datasets to analyze how much of the learning is passed to other datasets,and ensemble method is utilized to explore the increase in performance upon combining multiple classifiers in a model.Four National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA)and four Promise datasets are used in the study,showing an increase in the model’s performance by providing better Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve(AUC-ROC)values when different classifiers were combined.It reveals that using an amalgam of techniques such as those used in this study,feature selection,transfer learning,and ensemble methods prove helpful in optimizing the software bug prediction models and providing high-performing,useful end mode.

关键词： Natural language processing software bug prediction transfer learning ensemble learning feature selection

Decoherence of genuine multipartite entanglement for local non-Markovian–Lorentzian reservoirs

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Chinese Physics B 2015年第12期24卷 215-221页

作者： mazhar ali Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Islamic University in Madinah

We study decoherence effects on genuine multipartite entanglement for three and four qubits, spatially separated and subjected to local Lorentzian reservoirs. Employing recent techniques to compute genuine negativity for multipartite systems and an exact solvable model, we analyze the dynamics of genuine entanglement for different coupling bandwidths and detunings. We find that collapses and revivals can occur by varying these parameters for various multipartite quantum states.

关键词： genuine negativity,decoherence,random states

Generating genuine multipartite entanglement via XY-interaction and via projective measurements

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Chinese Physics B 2014年第12期23卷 59-65页

作者： mazhar ali Department of Electrical Engineering COMSATS Institute of Information Technology22060 Abbottabad Pakistan Naturwissenschaftlich-Technische Fakultt Universitt SiegenWalter-Flex-Straβe 357068 Siegen Germany

We have studied the generation of multipartite entangled states for the superconducting phase qubits. The experiments performed in this direction have the capacity to generate several specific multipartite entangled states for three and four qubits. Our studies are also important as we have used a computable measure of genuine multipartite entanglement whereas all previous studies analyzed certain probability amplitudes. As a comparison, we have reviewed the generation of multipartite entangled states via von Neumann projective measurements.

关键词： genuine multipartite entanglement superconducting qubits von Neumann measurements

Comments on “Distillability sudden death in qutrit qutrit systems under thermal reservoirs”

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Chinese Physics B 2014年第9期23卷 87-90页

作者： mazhar ali Department of Electrical Engineering COMSATS Institute of Information Technology

In a recent paper （2012 Chin. Phys. B 21 084205）, the authors studied the problem of distillability sudden death. We find that their equation of motion is incorrect and consequently the rest of the paper is wrong. Even apart from starting with a wrong equation of motion, their description of the phenomenon of distillability sudden death is totally misleading and needs to be rectified. To this aim, we show that certain initially prepared free-entangled states become bound-entangled in a finite time under thermal reservoirs. Moreover, in contrast with zero-temperature reservoirs, simple local unitary transformations cannot completely avoid distillability sudden death.

关键词： distillability thermal reservoirs bound entanglement

Simulation of the deformable lateral boundaries in biaxial test using DEM

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Particuology 2024年第5期88卷 161-175页

作者： ali Momeni Barry Clarke Yong Sheng ali Hassanpour WSP 3 Wellington PlaceLeedsLS1 4APUK Hull University HullHU6 7RXUK School of Civil Engineering University of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK School of Computer Science University of HullHullHU6 7RXUK School of Chemical and Process Engineering University of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK

Applying the discrete element method(DEM)in soil mechanics can provide abundant information at the particle-scale and facilitates illustration of the macro-mechanical behaviour of soils based on the inter-particle mechanisms.The triaxial test is one of the most common laboratory methods to study the macro-mechanical behaviour of particulate materials such as soil.However,many problems in geotechnical design can be assumed and simplified as a plane strain phenomenon.Therefore a biaxial test can be conducted to reproduce the macro-mechanical behaviour of soil,where the sample is enclosed by two horizontal rigid platens and a vertical latex membrane,which is a deformable continuous element and allows the enclosed specimen to deform freely while maintaining confining stress during loading.This paper presents an algorithm to represent physical and mechanical characteristics of latex membrane in the 2D DEM simulation of biaxial test using the PFC 2D code.To investigate the impact of the lateral boundary conditions on the micro-macro mechanical behaviours of soil samples,two sets of DEM biaxial tests are conducted,i.***.with rigid and deformable lateral boundary conditions.The DEM modeling results indicate that the lateral boundary conditions have a significant effect on the micro-scale fabric properties,thickness and inclination of the shear band.The comparison between these two simulations also demonstrates that the lateral boundary conditions play a major role in the peak and post-peak stress-strain behaviours as well as the dilation and critical state behaviours of granular soils.

关键词： Discrete element method Biaxial test Deformable boundaries Shear band Critical state Fabric anisotropy Geometrical stability index

Robustness of Genuine Tripartite Entanglement under Collective Dephasing

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Chinese Physics Letters 2015年第6期32卷 6-9页

作者： mazhar ali Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringIslamic University in Madinah

我们在集体 dephasing 下面为三 qubits 的一个系统学习真多国参加的纠纷的坚韧性。用为多国参加的系统的一个可计算出来的纠纷单调，我们几乎发现那每个状态在这类 decoherence 下面是相当柔韧的。我们在无穷分析随机的状态和加权的图... 详细信息

我们在集体 dephasing 下面为三 qubits 的一个系统学习真多国参加的纠纷的坚韧性。用为多国参加的系统的一个可计算出来的纠纷单调，我们几乎发现那每个状态在这类 decoherence 下面是相当柔韧的。我们在无穷分析随机的状态和加权的图状态并且他们发现所有真正地被纠缠。

关键词：鲁棒性消相干纠缠集体三体多体系统退相干加权图

Sensing the heavy water concentration in an H_(2)O-D_(2)O mixture by solid-solid phononic crystals

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第4期33卷 493-498页

作者： Mohammadreza Rahimi ali Bahrami Optoelectronic and Nanophotonics Research Laboratory(ONRL) Faculty of Electrical EngineeringSahand University of TechnologyTabrizIran

A new method based on phononic crystals is presented to detect the concentration of heavy water(D_(2)O)in an H_(2)O-D_(2)O mixture.Results have been obtained and analyzed in the concentration range of 0%-10%and 90%-100%D_(2)O.A proposed structure of tungsten scatterers in an aluminum host is studied.In order to detect the target material,a cavity region is considered as a sound wave resonator in which the target material with different concentrations of D_(2)O is embedded.By changing the concentration of D_(2)O in the H_(2)O-D_(2)O mixture,the resonance frequency undergoes a frequency shift.Each 1%change in D_(2)O concentration in the H_(2)O-D_(2)O mixture causes a frequency change of about 120 Hz.The finite element method is used as the numerical method to calculate and analyze the natural frequencies and transmission spectra of the proposed sensor.The performance evaluation index shows a high Q factor up to 1475758 and a high sensitivity up to 13075,which are acceptable values for sensing purposes.The other figures of merit related to the detection performance also indicate high-quality performance of the designed sensor.

关键词： phononic crystals sensor H_(2)O-D_(2)O mixture cavity

Experimental Study on Heat Storage Properties Comparison of Paraffin/Metal Foams Phase Change Material Composites

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第2期33卷 469-478页

作者： Waqar AHMED Abid HUSSAIN Hanzla SHAHID Imran ali Hafiz Muhammad ali Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Engineering and TechnologyTaxila47080Pakistan Department of Mechanical Engineering Institute of Space TechnologyIslamabadPakistan Department of Mechanical Mechatronics and Manufacturing EngineeringUniversity of Engineering and Technology LahoreFaisalabad CampusPunjabPakistan Mechanical Engineering Department King Fahd University of Petroleum and MineralsDhahran31261Saudi Arabia Interdisciplinary Research Center for Renewable Energy and Power Systems(IRC-REPS) King Fahd University of Petroleum and MineralsDhahran31261Saudi Arabia

Heat storage properties of phase change materials(PCMs) are essential characteristics that perform a key role in thermal heat energy storage systems.The thermal properties of PCMs can be improved by developing metal foam/PCM composites.The addition of metal foam in PCMs has a significant effect on the thermal characteristics of PCMs.In this paper,the heat storage properties of two different metal foam/PCM composites were experimentally examined.The behavior of paraffin in metal foam(copper and iron-nickel)/paraffin composites concerning pure paraffin at a constant heat flux of 1000 W/m^(2) in three directions simultaneously(x,y,and z) was studied.Paraffin was infiltrated into copper and iron-nickel foams to develop composite materials which resulted in enhancing the thermal conductivity of the paraffin.A comparative analysis is made on the heat storage properties of paraffin in copper and iron-nickel foams/paraffin composites.Inner temperature distribution during the phase transition process is experimentally evaluated.This comparison indicates that temperature uniformity in copper foam/paraffin composite is better than in iron-nickel foam/paraffin composite and pure paraffin at the same heat flux.Experimental results show that at heat flux of 1000 W/m^(2),the heat storage time for copper foam/paraffin composite is 20.63% of that of iron-nickel foam/paraffin composite.

关键词： heat storage capacity paraffin/metal foam composite temperature uniformity heat storage rate phase transition process

Single nucleotide polymorphism within chromosome 8q24 is associated with prostate cancer development in Saudi Arabia

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Asian Journal of Urology 2024年第1期11卷 26-32页

作者： Awad Elsid Osman Sahar Alharbi Atif ali Ahmed Asim ali Elbagir Pathology and Clinical Laboratory Management Department(PCLM) King Fahad Medical CityRiyadhSaudi Arabia Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of Missouri at Children's Mercy HospitalKansas CityMOUSA

Objective: Genome-wide association studies have demonstrated that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are important risk factors for the development of prostate cancer (PCa). Preliminary studies have suggested that the incidence of PCa in Saudi males is low but is probably familial or genetically related.Methods: To identify any possible association of SNP with PCa development in Saudi patients, we investigated a group of SNPs in Saudi PCa patients (n=85) and compared the outcomes to healthy normal controls (n=115) and nodular hyperplasia patients (n=120). DNA was extracted from paraffin-embedded formalin fixed tissue or whole blood from both patients’ groups and healthy control group. A total of thirteen SNPs were genotyped using TaqMan® minor groove binder polymerase chain reaction assay.Results: The rs16901979A, s629242T and rs1447295A alleles were found at significantly higher frequency in PCa patients than controls (p< 0.05). The rs16901979 CA genotype was found at significantly greater frequency in PCa patients than in healthy controls (43% vs. 14%, odds ratio=4.6, p=0.0001) and benign hyperplasia group (43% vs. 25%, odds ratio=2.2, p=0.009).Conclusion: Our study has highlighted the association of rs16901979 SNP with PCa in Saudi males. Such findings have important implications in the PCa diagnosis and in screening unaffected family members of Saudi patients.

关键词： Prostatecancer Saudi Singlenucleotide polymorphism Allele