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Incorporation of Biochar Carbon into Stable Soil Aggregates:The Role of Clay m.neralogy and Other Soil Characteristics

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Pedosphere 2017年第4期27卷 694-704页

作者： Charlene N. KELLY Joseph BENJAm.N Francisco C. CALDERON maysoon m. mikha David W. RUTHERFORD Colleen E. ROSTAD West Virginia University Division of Forestry and Natural Resources337 Percival HallMorgantownWV 26506USA USDA-ARS Central Great Plains Research Station40335 County RoadGGAkronCO 80720USA U.S.Geological Survey MS 408PO Box 25046Building 95Denver Federal CenterDenverCO 80225USA

Aggregation and structure play key roles in water-holding capacity and stability of *** this study,the incorporation of carbon(C) from.switchgrass biochar into stable aggregate size fractions was assessed in an Aridisol(from.Colorado,USA) dom.nated by 2:1 clays and an Alfisol(from.Virginia,USA) containing weathered m.xed 1:1 and 2:1 m.neralogy,to evaluate the effect of biochar addition on soil *** biochar was applied at 4 levels,0,25,50,and 100 g kg^(-1),to the soils grown with wheat in a growth cham.er *** changes in soil strength and water-holding capacity using water release curves were *** the Colorado soil,the proportion of soil occurring in large aggregates decreased,with concom.tant increases in sm.ll size *** changes in aggregate size fractions occurred in the Virginia *** the Colorado soil,C content increased from.3.3 to 16.8 g kg^(-1),whereas in them.fraction C content increased from.5.7 to 22.6 g kg^(-1) with 100 g kg^(-1)biochar *** the Virginia soil,C content within aggregate size fractions increased for each size fraction,except the>2 000 μm.*** greatest increase(from.6.2 to 22.0 g kg^(-1)) occurred in the 53–250 μm.*** results indicated that C was incorporated into larger aggregates in the Virginia soil,but rem.ined largely unassociated to soil particles in the Colorado *** addition had no significant effect on water-holding capacity or strength *** biochar to m.re weathered soils with high native soil organic content m.y result in greater stabilization of incorporated C and result in less loss because of erosion and transport,com.ared with the soils dom.nated by 2:1 clays and low native soil organic content.

关键词： aggregate size fractions, aggregate stability, m.neralogy, soil strength, water-holding capacity, weathered soil

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Soil Carbon Changes Influenced by Soil m.nagem.nt and Calculation m.thod

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2013年第2期3卷 123-131页

作者： maysoon m. mikha Joseph G. Benjam.n Ardell D. Halvorson David C. Nielsen US Departm.nt of Agricultural Agricultural Research Service Central Great Research Station Akron USA US Departm.nt of Agricultural Agricultural Research Service Northern Plains Soil Plant Nutrient Research Fort Collins USA

Throughout the years, m.ny studies have evaluated changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) m.ss on a fixed-depth (FD) basis without considering changes in soil m.ss caused by changing bulk density (ρb). This study evaluates the tem.oral changes in SOC caused by two factors: 1) changing SOC concentration;and 2) changing equivalent soil m.ss (ESm. in com.arison with FD. In addition, this study evaluates calculating changes in SOC stock over tim. using a m.nim.m.equivalent soil m.ss (ESm.in) basis from.a single sam.ling event com.ared with the FD scenario. A tillage [no-tillage (NT) and chisel plow (CP)]-crop rotation (m.ltiple crop and continuous corn), and irrigation (full and delayed)) study was initiated in 2001 on Weld silt loam.soil. After seven years, SOC concentration in the 0 - 30 cm.depth was 19.7% greater in 2008 com.ared with 2001. Standardizing the soil m.ss of 2001 to the ESm.of 2008 for each individual treatm.nt showed an average gain in SOC of 5.8 m. C·ha-1 in 2008 com.ared with 2001. However, the increase in SOC using ESm.was twice the SOC gained with the FD calculation, where som. treatm.nts lost SOC after seven years of m.nagem.nt. Estim.ting SOC levels using the ESm.in and, thereby, elim.nating the confounding effect of soil ρb indicated that SOC stock was influenced by crop species and their interaction with irrigation, but not by tillage practices. Over all, the ESm.calculation appears to be m.re effective in evaluating SOC stock than the FD calculation.

关键词： Soil Organic Carbon Stock Equivalent Soil m.ss m.nim.m Equivalent Soil m.ss Fixed-Depth m.nagem.nt Practices

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Switchgrass Biochar Effects on Plant Biom.ss and m.crobial Dynam.cs in Two Soils from.Different Regions

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Pedosphere 2015年第3期25卷 329-342页

作者： Charlene N.KELLY Francisco C.CALDERóN Verónica ACOSTA-m.RTíNEZ maysoon m.mikha Joseph BENJAm.N David W.RUTHERFORD Colleen E.ROSTAD Western Carolina University Department of Geosciences and Natural Resources331 Stillwell HallCullowheeNC 28723 (USA) U.S.Geological Survey Denver CO 80225 (USA) USDA-ARS Akron CO 80720 (USA) USDA-ARS Lubbock TX 79403 (USA)

Biochar am.ndm.nts to soils m.y alter soil function and fertility in various ways, including through induced changes in the m.crobial com.unity. We assessed m.crobial activity and com.unity com.osition of two distinct clayey soil types, an Aridisol from.Colorado （CO） in the U.S. Central Great Plains, and an Alfisol from.Virginia （VA） in the southeastern USA following the application of switchgrass （Panicum.virgatum. biochar. The switchgrass biochar was applied at four levels, 0%,0, 2.5%, 5%, and 10%, approxim.tely equivalent to biochar additions of 0, 25, 50, and 100 t ha^-1, respectively, to the soils grown with wheat （Triticum.aestivum. in an eight-week growth cham.er experim.nt. We m.asured wheat shoot biom.ss and nitrogen （N） content and soil nutrient availability and N m.neralization rates, and characterized the m.crobial fatty acid m.thyl ester （FAm.） profiles of the soils. Net N m.neralization rates decreased in both soils in proportion to an increase in biochar levels, but the effect was m.re m.rked in the VA soil, where net N m.neralization decreased from.-2.1 to -38.4 m. kg^-1. The 10% biochar addition increased soil pH, electrical conductivity, m.hlich- and bicarbonate-extractable phosphorus （P）, and extractable potassium.（K） in both soil types. The wheat shoot biom.ss decreased from.17.7 to 9.1 g with increm.ntal additions of biochar in the CO soil, but no difference was noted in plants grown in the VA soil. The FAm. recovery assay indicated that the switchgrass biochar addition could introduce artifacts in analysis, so the results needed to be interpreted with caution. Non-corrected total FAm. concentrations indicated a decline by 457o and 34% with 10% biochar addition in the CO and VA soils, respectively, though these differences becam. nonsignificant when the extraction efficiency correction factor was applied. A significant decline in the fungi：bacteria ratio was still evident upon correction in the CO soil with biochar. Switchgrass biochar had the p

关键词： correction factor extraction efficiency fatty acid m.thyl ester profile nitrogen m.neralization soil m.crobial com.unity soil nutrient availability wheat

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Control and Synchronization with Known and Unknown Param.ters

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Applied m.them.tics 2016年第3期7卷 292-303页

作者： maysoon m. Aziz Saad Fawzi Al-Azzawi Departm.nt of m.them.tics College of Computer Sciences and Mathematics University of Mosul Mosul Iraq

In this paper, we consider the chaos control for 4D hyperchaotic system.by two cases, known & unknown param.ters based on Lyapunov stability theory via nonlinear control. We find that there are two cofactors that have an effect on determ.ning any case to achieve the control, the two cofactors are proposed in the control and the m.trix that produce from.the tim. derivative of Lyapunov function. In adding, we find som. weakness cases in Lyapunov stability theory. For this reason, we design with only one controller and perform.a sim.le change in this control in order to recognize the difference between these cases although all of the controllers are alm.st sim.lar.

关键词： 4D Hyperchaotic System Control Synchronization Lyapunov Stability Theory Nonlinear Control m.thod

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Efficient Com.uter Aided Diagnosis System.for Hepatic Tum.rs Using Com.uted Tom.graphy Scans

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Com.uters, m.terials & Continua 2022年第6期71卷 4871-4894页

作者： Yasm.en Al-Saeed Wael A.Gab-Allah Hassan Solim.n maysoon F.Abulkhair Wafaa m.Shalash m.ham.ed Elm.gy Faculty of Com.uters and Inform.tion Mansoura UniversityMansoura35516Egypt Faculty of Com.uters&Artificial Intelligence South Valley UniversityHurghada84511Egypt Faculty of Com.uting and Inform.tion Technology King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia Faculty of Com.uters and Artificial Intelligence Benha UniversityBanha13511Egypt

One of the leading causes of m.rtality worldwide is liver *** earlier the detection of hepatic tum.rs,the lower the m.rtality *** paper introduces a com.uter-aided diagnosis system.to extract hepatic tum.rs from.com.uted tom.graphy scans and classify them.into m.lignant or benign *** hepatic tum.rs from.com.uted tom.graphy scans is considered a challenging task due to the fuzziness in the liver pixel range,intensity values overlap between the liver and neighboring organs,high noise from.com.uted tom.graphy scanner,and large variance in tum.rs *** proposed m.thod consists of three m.in stages;liver segm.ntation using Fast Generalized Fuzzy C-m.ans,tum.r segm.ntation using dynam.c thresholding,and the tum.r’s classification into m.lignant/benign using support vector m.chines *** perform.nce of the proposed system.was evaluated using three liver benchm.rk datasets,which are m.CCAI-Sliver07,LiTS17,and *** proposed com.uter adided diagnosis system.achieved an average accuracy of 96.75%,sensetivity of 96.38%,specificity of 95.20%and Dice sim.larity coefficient of 95.13%.

关键词： Liver tum.r hepatic tum.rs diagnosis CT scans analysis liver segm.ntation tum.r segm.ntation features extraction tum.rs classification FGFCm CAD system

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Altered Levels of Blood Glucose and Serum.Lipids in Sudanese Patients with Ovarian Cancer

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2023年第5期13卷 896-906页

作者： maysoon A. Hassaan Atif H. Khirelsied Tagelsir m. Ali Ahm.d A. Agab-Aldour Departm.nt of Biochem.stry Faculty of Medicine Kordofan University El-Obeid Sudan Departm.nt of Biochem.stry Faculty of Medicine Al-Baha University Al-Baha Saudi Arabia Departm.nt of Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty of Medicine Al-Baha University Al-Baha Saudi Arabia Departm.nt of Pathology Faculty of Medicine Kordofan University El-Obeid Sudan

Background: The etiology of ovarian cancer is not well-understood;num.rous m.tabolom.cs profiling, epidem.ological, and hospital-based case control studies have associated abnorm.l levels of blood glucose and serum.lipids with the risk and the prognosis of various types of cancers including ovarian cancer. The association between the risk of the incidence of ovarian cancer and the alterations in the levels of blood glucose and serum.lipids is not well defined. Objective: In this study we aim.d to com.are the levels of blood glucose, triacylglycerols, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients with different stages of ovarian cancer and healthy controls to determ.ne how they relate to the risk and prognosis of ovarian cancer. m.thodology: In a case-control cross sectional study, we enrolled ninety-nine Sudanese wom.n, diagnosed with ovarian cancer but had not received any kind of treatm.nt as the study group, and a control group of forty-one age-m.tched, apparently healthy wom.n. The patients were classified according to the International Federation of Obstetricians and Gynecologists staging system.into two groups: early stages (stage I & II) and late stages (stages III & IV). Blood glucose and serum.lipids;triacylglycerols, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were determ.ned by enzym.tic colorim.tric m.thods using com.ercially available analytical kits. The IBm.SPSS version 20 software was used for statistical analysis. A m.nn-Whitney U test was used for com.arison of the m.dian concentrations of blood glucose, triacylglycerols, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the study groups. Logistic regression m.del was used to estim.te the relative risk of ovarian cancer in relation to levels of blood glucose and serum.lipids. P value of 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Our data indicated significa

关键词： Blood Glucose Cholesterol Ovarian Cancer Serum.Lipids Triacylglycerol

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Water Deficit Stress Effects on Corn (<i>Zea m.ys</i>, L.) Root:Shoot Ratio

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2014年第4期4卷 151-160页

作者： J. G. Benjam.n D. C. Nielsen m. F. Vigil m. m. mikha F. Calderon Central Great Plains Research Station USDA-ARS Akron USA

A study was conducted at Akron, CO, USA, on a Weld silt loam.in 2004 to quantify the effects of water deficit stress on corn (Zea m.ys, L.) root and shoot biom.ss. Corn plants were grown under a range of soil bulk density and water conditions caused by previous tillage, crop rotation, and irrigation m.nagem.nt. Water deficit stress (Dstress) was quantified by the num.er of days when the water content in the surface 0.3 m.deviated from.the water content range determ.ned by the Least Lim.ting Water Range (LLWR). Root and shoot sam.les were collected at the V6, V12, and R1 growth stages. There was no significant correlation between Dstress and shoot or root biom.ss at the V6 growth stage. At the V12 and R1 growth stages, there were negative, linear correlations am.ng Dstress and both root biom.ss and shoot biom.ss. The proportional decrease of shoot biom.ss was greater than the proportional decrease in root biom.ss, leading to an increase in the root:shoot ratio as water deficit stress increased at all growth stages. Determ.ning restrictive soil conditions using the LLWR m.y be useful for evaluating im.rovem.nt or degradation of the soil physical environm.nt caused by soil m.nagem.nt.

关键词： Shoot Ratio Least Lim.ting Water Range Water Stress Corn Root Developm.nt Soil Environm.nt

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Pum. Intensity Dependence of Two-Beam.Coupling in Doped Lithium.Niobate Crystals

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Chinese Physics Letters 2000年第6期17卷 431-432页

作者： Nouel Y.Kam.er XU Jing-Jun Sonia m.mikha SONG Feng ZHANG Guo-Quan ZHANG Xin-Zheng LIU Si-m.n ZHANG Guang-Yin Photonics Research Center College of Physics ScienceNankai UniversityTianjin 300071

We dem.nstrated experim.ntally the dependence of two-beam.coupling on the incident pum. intensity in our sam.les of doped LiNbO_(3)*** results show that there is an optim.m.pum. intensity for the signal beam.am.lification,which can be easily controlled by doping the LiNbO_(3)crystal with suitable concentrations of Fe and dam.ge-resistant dopants such as m.,In,and Zn.

关键词： pum. dopant beam

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Altered Levels of Blood Glucose and Serum.Lipids in Sudanese Patients with Ovarian Cancer

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology（妇产科期刊） 2023年第5期

作者： maysoon A. Hassaan Atif H. Khirelsied Tagelsir m. Ali Ahm.d A. Agab-Aldour

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