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Differential Effect of Acute Stress on Visuospatial Working Memory and Sexual Motivation in Male Rats

Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2015年第7期5卷 221-230页

作者： Marisela Hernández-González Enrique Hernández-Arteaga mayra linné almanza-sepúlveda Miguel ángel Guevara Instituto de Neurociencias Universidad de Guadalajara Guadalajara Jalisco México

Working memory is an executive function that is highly dependent on the functioning of the prefrontal cortex. Several studies using food or drink as rewards have demonstrated that rats are capable of performing tasks that involve working memory. Sexual behavior is another highly-rewarding, motivated behavior that has proven to be an efficient incentive in classical operant tasks. Considering that both sexual behavior and working memory are sensitive to the effects of stress, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of acute stress on visuospatial working memory during a sexually-motivated task (a nonmatching-to-sample task in a T-maze) in male rats. Thirty-two male Wistar rats were trained in the T-maze using sexual interaction (intromission and ejaculation) as a reinforcer during a 4-day training period (training sessions held every 4th day). On the basis of their performance, the rats were classified as good-learners (n = 12) and bad-learners (n = 20), and on the fifth day, 6 good-learners and 10 bad-learners were subjected to stress using the cold water immersion model (CWI, 15°C) for 15 minutes before they were evaluated in the T-maze. The remaining rats made up the control group (i.e., they performed the task without previous stress). Results showed that acute stress by CWI improved working memory in the bad-learners but did not affect the performance of the good-learners, although in both groups (good- and bad-learners) stress decreased the sexual motivation to perform the task. It is probable that the increased levels of corticosterone in the stress situation could activate glutamatergic transmission in the prefrontal cortex, thus facilitating working memory and, simultaneously, decreasing testosterone levels, which exerts a negative effect on sexual motivation in these male rats.

关键词： Stress Working Memory Sexual Behavior

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Prefrontal-Parietal Correlation during Performance of a Visuospatial Working Memory Task in Children, Adolescents and Young Adults

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2015年第10期5卷 448-457页

作者： Miguel Angel Guevara Jorge Carlos Hevia-Orozco Araceli Sanz-Martin Lucía Ester Rizo-Martínez Marisela Hernández-González mayra linné almanza-sepúlveda Instituto de Neurociencias CUCBA Universidad de Guadalajara Guadalajara México

Development of the prefrontal cortex and its connectivity with different cortical areas has strong implications for the improvement of working memory. The aim of this research was to characterize the interhemispheric (INTER) prefrontal and hemispheric (INTRA) frontopolar-dorsolateral prefrontal and dorsolateral prefrontal-parietal correlation (r) in children, adolescents and adults during performance of a visuospatial working memory task (VSWM). INTERr and INTRAr of 36 different aged male participants (11 - 13, 18 - 20 and 26 - 30 years old) were calculated during performance of the Corsi Block-Tapping task, which assessed VSWM. On this task, children showed lower correct responses than adolescents and adults. Adults also showed lower total execution times than children and adolescents, with a more efficient performance. On the EEGs, the older groups showed both higher interfrontal correlations and left and right prefronto-parietal correlations than children. According to our results, the progressive efficiency in VSWM is related to differences in EEG patterns among children, adolescents and adults.

关键词： Corsi Block-Tapping Task EEG Correlations Development Visuospatial Working Memory

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Prefrontal and Accumbal Electric Activity during Auditory Stimulation in Virgin Female Rats: Changes Related to the Estrous Cycle

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2013年第6期3卷 454-462页

作者： Marisela Hernández-González Diego Radberto Chapa García Abascal Miguel ángel Guevara Ricardo Alonso Romero Orozco mayra linné almanza sepúlveda Leopoldo Eduardo Flores Mancilla Facultad de Medicina Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas Unidad Académica de Medicina Humana y Ciencias de la Salud Zacatecas México Instituto de Neurociencias Universidad de Guadalajara Guadalajara México

The estrous cycle is a physiological process modulated by hormonal changes associated, in turn, with alterations of the attraction or sensitivity with which females perceive different sensory stimuli. Auditory stimuli play an important role in the social interaction of several mammals, including their sexual behavior and the mother-young relationship. Since the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and nucleus accumbens (Acc) had been associated with the processing and assignation of the incentive value of stimuli, this study was designed to analyze whether electroencephalographic (EEG) activity in the PFC and Acc was modified during the two antagonist phases of the estrous cycle (proestrus-estrus and diestrus) when female rats heard sound recordings with different types of cries emitted by other rats. EEGs were recorded in eight female virgin Wistar rats, 80-100 days old, bilaterally implanted in the PFC and Acc during an awake-quiet state, in three conditions: when hearing 1) cries of pups;2) cries of adult male rats;and, 3) cries of adult female rats. The cries were recorded from pups (2-10 days old) and male and female adult rats after gentle prodding by a human hand. Each auditory stimulus (which included vocalizations up to 22 kHz) was randomly played back through a speaker placed near the female rats. Only upon perceiving the cries of male rats did the females in the proestrus-estrous phase show a lower relative power in the 14-30 Hz band in the Acc and an increased inter-prefrontal correlation in the 8-13 Hz band. It is probable that these EEG changes are associated with the lower activation or non-anxious state that the female rat presents specifically during the proestrus-estrous phase in response to the alarm cries of adult male rats.

关键词： Auditory Stimulation EEG Accumbens Prefrontal Cortex Estrous Cycle Rats

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Ethanol Effects on Cortical EEG Correlation and Sexual Behavior in Male Rats

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2014年第2期4卷 92-98页

作者： Miguel Angel Guevara Marisela Hernández-González mayra linné almanza-sepúlveda Diego Radberto Chapa García Abascal Pilar Durán Carolina Sotelo Tapia Fabricio Luna Torres Departamento de Biología Celular Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México México DF México Instituto de Neurociencias Universidad de Guadalajara Guadalajara Jalisco México

Ethanol affects sexual behavior drastically, as much as its execution as well as its motivation. Ethanol is a central nervous system depressant and the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is one of the cortical areas most sensitive to its effects. This prefrontal area participates in the modulation of the cognitive control, and furthermore, by mean of connections with the parietal cortex (PC) plays an important role in the processing of sexually relevant stimuli. Considering that it has been reported that the ethanol affects the proper functioning of these cortical areas, particularly decreasing the degree of electroencephalographic (EEG) coupling or correlation between them, the aim of this study was to characterize the effect of a low dose of ethanol on EEG correlation, as well determining if this effect is associated with impaired sexual behavior in male rats. Nine male rats unilaterally implanted were simultaneously recorded the EEG from the PFC and PC to calculate the degree of EEG synchronization (correlation, r) between both cortices during the first 40 minutes post administration of 0.75 g/kg of ethanol. At the end of the EEG recording, the males were submitted to copulatory behavior with a receptive female rat. The ethanol administration was associated with a decreased intrahemispheric correlation of the fast bands between PFC and PC, as well as with an increased mount and intromission latency. This data showed that ethanol in moderate doses decreased the coupling degree between cortices. It is likely that this functional disconnection between the PFC and PC after the ethanol administration could be associated with the difficulty in discriminating incentive value of the sexual stimuli so that decreased the sexual motivation but not the performance of the copulatory parameters in the male rat.

关键词： Ethanol Sexual Behavior EEG Prefrontal Cortex Parietal Cortex Rat

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