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Central nervous system tumors and three-dimensional cell biology: Current and future perspectives in modeling

World Journal of Stem Cells 2021年第8期13卷 1112-1126页

作者： Zaki Abou-mrad Jolie Bou Gharios maya m moubarak Ahmad Chalhoub Charbel moussalem Hisham F Bahmad Wassim Abou-Kheir Department of Anatomy Cell Biology and Physiological SciencesFaculty of MedicineAmerican University of BeirutBeirut 1107-2020Lebanon Division of Neurosurgery Department of SurgeryAmerican University of Beirut Medical CenterBeirut 1107-2020Lebanon Arkadi m.Rywlin m.D.Department of Pathology and Laboratory medicine Mount Sinai Medical CenterMiami BeachFL 33140United States

Central nervous system(CNS)tumors are a variety of distinct neoplasms that present multiple challenges in terms of treatment and ***,the most common primary tumor in adults,is associated with poor survival and remains one of the least treatable *** tumors are highly heterogenous and complex in their *** to this complexity,traditional cell culturing techniques and methods do not provide an ideal recapitulating model for the study of these tumors’behavior in ***-dimensional models lack the spatial arrangement,the heterogeneity in cell types,and the microenvironment that play a large role in tumor cell behavior and response to ***,scientists have turned towards three-dimensional culturing methods,namely spheroids and organoids,as they have been shown to recapitulate tumors in a more faithful manner to their in vivo ***,tumor-on-a-chip systems have lately been employed in CNS tumor modeling and have shown great potential in both studying the pathophysiology and therapeutic *** this review,we will discuss the current available literature on in vitro threedimensional culturing models in CNS tumors,in addition to presenting their advantages and current *** will also elaborate on the future implications of these models and their benefit in the clinical setting.

关键词： Central nervous system tumors Glioblastoma Three-dimensional modelling Spheroids Organoids

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Thymoquinone anticancer activity is enhanced when combined with royal jelly in human breast cancer

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2021年第5期12卷 342-354页

作者： maya m moubarak Nour Chanouha Najwa Abou Ibrahim Hala Khalife Hala Gali-muhtasib Department of Biology American University of BeirutBeirut 1107-2020Lebanon Rammal Rammal Laboratory(ATAC group) Faculty of Sciences IHadath 1003Lebanon Department of Biology and Center for Drug Discovery American University of BeirutBeirut 1107-2020Lebanon

BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the most common cause of the majority of cancer-related deaths in women,among which triple-negative breast cancer is the most aggressive type of breast cancer diagnosed with limited treatment ***(TQ),the main bioactive constituent of Nigella sativa,has been extensively studied as a potent anticancer molecule against various types of *** products such as the royal jelly(RJ),the nutritive secretion fed to honeybee queens,exhibit a variety of biological activities besides its anticancer ***,the anticancer activity of the combination of TQ and RJ against breast cancer is still *** To investigate cytotoxicity of RJ in FHs 74 Int cells and the anticancer effects of TQ,RJ,and their combinations in the mDA-mB-231 cell *** Cells were treated with TQ,RJ,and their combinations for 24 *** 3-(4,5 dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay,we determined the half-maximal inhibitory concentration of *** blue and 3-(4,5 dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assays were then performed to assess the cell viability in response to different treatment *** death and cycle regulation were investigated using propidium iodide deoxyribonucleic acid staining followed by flow cytometry in response to a single dose of TQ,RJ,and their *** for cleaved caspase 3 and Ki67 expression was used to determine apoptosis induction and changes in cell *** TQ alone inhibited cell viability in a dose-dependent manner at concentrations below and above the half-maximal inhibitory *** exhibited relatively nontoxic effects against mDA-mB-231 cells and FHs 74 Int small intestinal cells at concentrations below 5μg/*** doses of RJ(200μg/mL)had greater toxicity against mDA-mB-231 ***,the inhibition of cell viability was most pronounced in response to 15μmol/L TQ and 5μg/mL RJ.A dose of 15μmol/L TQ caused a

关键词： Anticancer activity Breast cancer cells Drug combination Natural products Royal jelly Thymoquinone

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Critical Technical Awakenings

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Journal of Social Computing 2021年第4期2卷 365-384页

作者： maya malik momin m.malik the School of Social Work McGill UniversityMontréalH3A 0G4Canada the Institute in Critical Quantitative Computational&Mixed MethodologiesJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD 21218USA

Starting with Philip ***’s 1997 essay on“critical technical practice”,we consider examples of writings from computer science where authors describe“waking up”from a previously narrow technical approach to the world,enabling them to recognize how their previous efforts towards social change had been *** use these examples first to talk about the underlying assumptions of a technology-centric approach to social problems,and second to theorize these awakenings in terms of Paulo Freire’s idea of critical ***,understanding these awakenings among technical practitioners as examples of this more general phenomenon gives guidance for how we might encourage and guide critical awakenings in order to get more technologists working effectively towards positive social change.

关键词： critical technical practice critical consciousness perspective transformation education machine learning

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Improving the prediction accuracy of soil nutrient classification by optimizing extreme learning machine parameters

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2020年第1期7卷 72-82页

作者： m.S.Suchithra maya L.Pai Department of Computer Science and IT Amrita School of Arts and SciencesKochiAmrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham682024India

The soil,Soul of Infinite Life,is the entity responsible for sustaining life on *** spite of significant advances in the service sector,agriculture remains the major provider of employment and source of revenue in *** testing is a valuable tool for evaluating the available nutrient status of soil and helps to determine the proper amount of nutrients to be added to a given soil based on its fertility and crop *** the current study,the soil test report values are used to classify several significant soil features like village wise soil fertility indices of Available Phosphorus(P),Available Potassium(K),Organic Carbon(OC)and Boron(B),as well as the parameter Soil Reaction(pH).The classification and prediction of the village wise soil parameters aids in reducing wasteful expenditure on fertilizer inputs,increase profitability,save the time of chemical soil analysis experts,improves soil health and environmental *** five classification problems are solved using the fast learning classification technique known as Extreme Learning machine(ELm)with different activation functions like gaussian radial basis,sine-squared,hyperbolic tangent,triangular basis,and hard *** the performance analysis of ELms with diverse activation functions for these soil parameter classifications,the gaussian radial basis function attains the maximum performance for four out of five problems,which goes above 80%in most of the accuracy rate calculations in every problem,followed by hyperbolic tangent,hard limit,triangular basis,and ***,the performance of the final classification problem,*** pH classification,gives moderate values with the gaussian radial basis and best performance(near 90%),with the hyperbolic tangent.

关键词： Extreme learning machine Activation functions Soil fertility indices Soil pH Classification Prediction

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PRECONDITIONING THE INCOmPRESSIBLE NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS WITH VARIABLE VISCOSITY

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Journal of Computational mathematics 2012年第5期30卷 461-482页

作者： Xin He maya Neytcheva Department of Information Technology Uppsala University Sweden

This paper deals with preconditioners for the iterative solution of the discrete Oseen problem with variable viscosity. The motivation of this work originates from numerical simulations of multiphase flow, governed by the coupled Cahn-Hilliard and incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. The impact of variable viscosity on some known precondition- ing technique is analyzed. Theoretical considerations and numerical experiments show that some broadly used preconditioning techniques for the Oseen problem with constant viscosity are also efficient when the viscosity is vaxving.

关键词： Navier-Stokes equations Saddle point systems Augmented Lagrangian Finiteelements Iterative methods Preconditioning.

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Petrogenesis of 3.15 Ga old Banasandra komatiites from the Dharwar craton, India： Implications for early mantle heterogeneity

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Geoscience Frontiers 2017年第3期8卷 467-481页

作者： J.m.maya Rajneesh Bhutani S.Balakrishnan S.Rajee Sandhya Department of Earth Sciences Pondicherry University

Spinifex-textured, magnesian （mgO 〉25 wt.%） komatiites from mesoarchean Banasandra greenstone belt of the Sargur Group in the Dharwar craton, India were analysed for major and trace elements and 147,146Sm-143,142Nd systematics to constrain age, petrogenesis and to understand the evolution of Archean mantle. major and trace element ratios such as CaOJAl203, Al2O3JTiO2, GdJYb, LaJNb and NbJY suggest aluminium undepleted to enriched compositional range for these komatiites. The depth of melting is estimated to be varying from 120 to 240 km and trace-element modelling indicates that the mantle source would have undergone multiple episodes of melting prior to the generation of magmas parental to these komatiites. Ten samples of these komatiites together with the published results of four samples from the same belt yield 147Sm-143Nd isochron age of ca. 3.14 Ga with an initial ENd（t） value of ＋3.5. High precision measurements of 142Nd/144Nd ratios were carried out for six komatiite samples along with standards AmES and La Jolla. All results are within uncertainties of the terrestrial samples. The absence of 142Nd/144Nd anomaly indicates that the source of these komatiites formed after the extinction of 146Sm, i.e. 4.3 Ga ago. In order to evolve to the high eNd（t） value of ＋3.5 by 3.14 Ga the time-integrated ratio of 147Sm/144Nd should be 0.2178 at the minimum. This is higher than the ratios estimated, so far, for mantle during that time. These results indicate at least two events of mantle differentiation starting with the chondritic composition of the mantle. The first event occurred very early at ~ 4.53 Ga to create a global early depleted reservoir with superchondritic Sm/Nd ratio, The source of Isua greenstone rocks with positive ~42Nd anomaly was depleted during a second differentiation within the life time of 146Sm, i.e. prior to 4.46 Ga. The source mantle of the Banasandra komatiite was a result of a differentiation event that occurred after the extinction of the 14

关键词： Komatiite Dharwar craton Early mantle differentiation 142Nd/144Nd Sm-Nd geochronology

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multimodal alarm behavior in urban and rural gray squirrels studied by means of observation and a mechanical robot

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Current Zoology 2010年第3期56卷 313-326页

作者： Sarah R.PARTAN Andrew G FULmER maya A.m.GOUNARD Jake E.REDmOND Hampshire College School of Cognitive Science

Urbanization of animal habitats has the potential to affect the natural communication systems of any species able to survive in the changed environment. Urban animals such as squirrels use multiple signal channels to communicate, but it is un- known how ttrbanization has affected these behaviors. multimodal commtmication, involving more than one sensory modality, can be studied by use of biomimetic mechanical animal models that are designed to simulate the multimodal signals and be pre- sented to animal subjects in the field. In this way the responses to the various signal components can be compared and contrasted to determine whether the multimodal signal is made up of redundant or nonredundant components. In this study, we presented wild gray squirrels in relatively urban and relatively rural habitats in Western massachusetts with a biomimetic squirrel model that produced tail flags and alarm barks in a variety of combinations. We found that the squirrels responded to each unimodal component on its own, the bark and tail flag, but they responded most to the complete multimodal signal, containing both the acoustic and the moving visual components, providing evidence that in this context the signal components are redundant and that their combination elicits multimodal enhancement. We expanded on the results of Partan et al. （2009） by providing data on sig- naling behavior in the presence and absence of conspecifics, suggesting that alarm signaling is more likely if conspecifics are present. We found that the squirrels were more active in the urban habitats and that they responded more to tail flagging in the urban habitats as compared to the rural ones, suggesting the interesting possibility of a multimodal shift from reliance on audio to visual signals in noisier more crowded urban habitats [Current Zoology 56 （3）： 313-326, 2010].

关键词： Alarm behavior Communication Gray squirrel Sciurus carolinensis multisensory signaling Redundancy Urbanization Ethorobotics

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Consequences of redefining Alzheimer＇s disease in terms of amyloid burden without regard to cognitive decline

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第12期13卷 2098-2099页

作者： Stephen R.Robinson Holly m.Brothers maya L.Gosztyla School of Health and Biomedical Sciences RMIT University Bundoora Victoria Australia Institutefor Breathing and Sleep Austin Health Heidelberg VictoriaAustralia Department of Psychology The Ohio State University ColumbusOH USA Department of Neuroscience the Ohio State UniversityColumbus OH USA

Alzheimer＇s disease（AD）redefined：For the past century,AD has been defined as a disease of progressive cognitive decline paired with a burden of amyloid-β（Aβ）plaques and pathologic tau tangles in the hippocampus and ***,a recent Framework paper jointly sponsored by the National Institute on Aging and the Alzheimer＇s Association（Jack et al.,2018）proposes new classification guidelines for AD,which,if adopted,will have profoundconsequences for the future management of AD.

关键词： AD Consequences of redefining Alzheimer’s disease in terms of amyloid burden without regard to cognitive decline

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ON PRECONDITIONING OF INCOmPRESSIBLE NON-NEWTONIAN FLOW PROBLEmS

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Journal of Computational mathematics 2015年第1期33卷 33-58页

作者： Xin He maya Neytcheva Cornelis Vuik Delft Institute of Applied mathematics Delft University of Technology Netherlands Department of Information Technology Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden

This paper deals with fast and reliable numerical solution methods for the incompress- ible non-Newtonian Navier-Stokes equations. To handle the nonlinearity of the governing equations, the Picard and Newton methods are used to linearize these coupled partial dif- ferential equations. For space discretization we use the finite element method and utilize the two-by-two block structure of the matrices in the arising algebraic systems of equa- tions. The Krylov subspace iterative methods are chosen to solve the linearized discrete systems and the development of computationally and numerically efficient preconditioners for the two-by-two block matrices is the main concern in this paper. In non-Newtonian flows, the viscosity is not constant and its variation is an important factor that effects the performance of some already known preconditioning techniques. In this paper we examine the performance of several preconditioners for variable viscosity applications, and improve them further to be robust with respect to variations in viscosity.

关键词： non-Newtonian flows Navier-Stokes equations Two-by-two block systems,Krylov subspace methods Preconditioners.

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The terminology of the 2012 Atlanta consensus conference on post-inflammatory collections after acute pancreatitis:An assessment of utilization in practice

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2022年第5期21卷 508-510页

作者： Santhalingam Jegatheeswaran Louise m Finch maya C Siriwardena Ajith K Siriwardena Regional Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery Unit Manchester Royal InfirmaryOxford RoadManchester M139WLUK Warwick medical School WarwickUK Faculty of Biology Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK

To the Editor The report of the 1992 Atlanta consensus conference provided a framework for standardization of the terminology for description of acute pancreatitis and its complications[1].Terms such as“pancreatic phlegmon”which had historically been subjected to differential interpretation were discontinued and modern terminology was introduced[1].With subsequent clinical usage and with the accrual of new knowledge it became clear that further changes were necessary.

关键词： pancreatitis acute terminology

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