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safety and in Vivo Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Ficus umbellata (Vahl.) Leaves

Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第3期12卷 94-112页

作者： Atchadé Pascal Tchogou steven Amour Pyus Tanguy Vignon Chokki Gbèssohèlè Justin Behanzin Tétédé Rodrigue Christian Konfo Perside savoeda Félicienne Agbogba Léocardie Akpoli Lamine Baba-Moussa maximin s.nou Alphonse sezan Experimental and Clinical Biology Unit (UBEC) Biotechnology Research Laboratory Medical and Pharmaceutical (LaRBiMeP) Na-tional School of Biosciences and Biotechnology of Dassa-Zoumé (ENSBBA) National University of Science Technology and Engi-neering of Abomey (UNSTIM) Dassa-Zoumé Benin Laboratory of Pharmacology and Improved Traditional Medicines (LPMTA) Faculty of Science and Technology (FAST) University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC) Abomey-Calavi Benin National University of Agriculture (UNA) Schools of Science and Techniques for Preservation and Processing of Agricultural Prod-ucts (ESTCTPA) Sakété Benin Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Typing in Microbiology Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Faculty of Science and Technology University of Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Benin

Toxicity is the totality of adverse effects, which can be functional and morphological lesions in a living organism, caused by a substance introduced in relatively high single doses or in small, repeated doses. The aim of this study was to assess the OECD-recommended acute oral toxicity and anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic extract of Ficus umbellata leaves. Animals were given a single oral dose of 1000, 3000 and 5000 mg/Kg body weight (BW) of the extract. For the anti-inflammatory activity test, rats were given the ethanolic extract of F. umbellata leaves at doses of 100, 300 and 500 mg/Kg or aspirin® at a concentration of 100 mg/Kg PC orally, one hour before injection of 0.05 ml of 1% formalin under the plantar fascia of the rat’s right hind paw. Paw volume measurements were taken one, two and three hours after formalin injection, using an electronic caliper. After 14 days of observation, no deaths were observed in treated rats. The LD50 of ethanolic extract of Ficus umbellata leaf powder is greater than 5000 mg/Kg body weight. This extract has no significant effects on hematological parameters and on the main markers of nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity for a single dose of less than 5000 mg/Kg PC. It reduces formalin-induced edema. Evaluation of the percentage inhibition showed that the extract had greater anti-inflammatory activity at 3 hours after the start of the experiment. However, better inhibition of inflammatory oedema of the paw of rats treated with 500 mg/Kg was observed at 5 hours after the start of the experiment, with a percentage inhibition of 69.23 ± 1.02, compared with the reference group treated with aspirin® 100 mg/Kg, which showed an inhibition of 63.50 ± 0.98. These results show that F. umbellata leaves possess anti-inflammatory activity, which would justify their use in traditional African medicine to prevent or treat inflammation.

关键词： Ficus umbellata Toxicity Anti-Inflammatory Edema Inflammation

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基于形气神三位一体生命观强身健腰功法创编研究

基于形气神三位一体生命观强身健腰功法创编研究

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作者： maximin Marie Gaillard 江西中医药大学

学位级别：硕士

目的:本研究旨在基于形气神三位一体生命观,依据中医学和中医气功原理,为临床常见病——腰痛编创中医导引功法,并将其运用于临床实践,为腰痛的临床治疗和康复提供一行之有效的方法。方法:1理论研究:本文基于形气神三位一体生命观,对腰... 详细信息

目的:本研究旨在基于形气神三位一体生命观,依据中医学和中医气功原理,为临床常见病——腰痛编创中医导引功法,并将其运用于临床实践,为腰痛的临床治疗和康复提供一行之有效的方法。方法:1理论研究:本文基于形气神三位一体生命观,对腰部的生理机制进行了较为详尽的阐述和深入的分析。根据腰痛的病机特点,编创明晰强身健腰的导引功法实质是以内向性运用意识达到锻炼与调控人体形、气、神的目的,同时实现三位一体过程,然后根据中医导引特色和相关原理内容,编创一套针对性腰痛的强身健腰功法。2临床研究:通过对30名患者进行为期4周的强身健腰导引法干预,分别在治疗前后对比ODI指数,VAs疼痛视觉模拟评分,sF-36数值变化情况来佐证功法的有效性,用sPss22.0软件对全部数据进行统计学分析,数据符合正态分布前后用配对t检验,反之用Wilcoxon符号秩和检验,等级资料用Wilcoxon符号秩和检验。结果:在形气神三位一体生命观思想影响下,就腰痛中形、气、神生命三要素进行病变辨析,根据中医导引学相关原理内容,利用中医导引功法特色与积极作用,根据疾病实际情况有针对性的完成强身健腰的导引功法的编制。通过图文并茂的形式呈现,所编功法可突破场地束缚,练习十分方便,病人能够结合实际情况对重点动作加以明确选择习练,为临床非药物疗法带来更多新措施、新手段气功疗法。将强身健腰导引法运用于临床实践表明:(1)生活质量评定量表(sF-36)前后评分,总分提高,差异具有显著统计学意义(pswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)评估治疗前后进行比较,表明强身健腰导引法对腰痛症状有缓解改善作用。(3)VAs疼痛视觉模拟评估治疗前后进行比较。总分值降低,治疗前后之间有统计学差异(P<0.05),结果显示强身健腰导引法可以感缓病痛。(4)临床研究总有效率为96%,说明强身健腰导引的有效性。结论:强身健腰导引是专门针对腰痛病因病机的中医气功导引方法,功法编创符合中医学理论,功法操作简单易行,临床验证行之有效,且安全无副作用,成本低,值得进一步推广。

关键词：形气神生命观中医导引强身健腰腰痛

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Aqueous Leaf Extract of Moringa oleifera (Moringaceae) Effectively Treats Induced Hemolytic Anemia in Wistar Rats

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2023年第8期11卷 154-168页

作者： semado Franck Médard Tchogou Atchadé Pascal Medoatinsa seinde Espérance Agbogba Félicienne Abissi Yollande Kassa Roxane Lokonon Jacques Ezéchiel Houngbeme Alban Agbonon Amegnon Gbénou Joachim Djimon Baba-Moussa Lamine s.nou maximin Experimental and Clinical Biology Unit (UBEC) Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Research Laboratory (LaRBiMeP) National School of Applied Biosciences and Biotechnology of Dassa-Zoumé (ENSBBA) National University of Sciences Technologies Engineering and Mathematics of Abomey (UNSTIM) Abomey Benin Experimental and Clinical Biology Unit (UBEC) Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Research Laboratory (LaRBiMeP) National School of Applied Biosciences and Biotechnology of Dassa-Zoumé (ENSBBA) National University of Sciences Technologies Engineering and Mathematics of Abomey (UNSTIM) Abomey Benin National Pharmacognosy Laboratory (LNP) Institute for Research and Experimentation in Traditional Medicine and Pharmacopoeia (IREMPT) Porto Novo Benin Laboratory of Physiology/Pharmacology Faculty of Sciences University of Lome Lome Togo Doctoral school (ED-sTIM) National University of Sciences Technologies Engineering and Mathematics (UNSTIM) Abomey Benin Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Typing in Microbiology University of Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Benin

Introduction: Moringa oleifera was a medicinal plant generally used by populations in the food and therapeutic fields. It’s used to treat anemia has been observed in the Djougou Zone in northern Benin. To our knowledge, there were no scientific data available that have evaluated its efficacy in the treatment of haemolytic anemia. This was what justifies this research work in which the phytochemical analysis, extraction and evaluation of the anti-anemic effect were carried out. Methods: Five groups of five Wistar rats each were formed. All the rats were rendered anemic by injection of phenylhydrazine hydrochloride on the first two days D0 and D1 except those in the negative control group. From the second day, the anemic groups were force-fed either with the aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera leaves at 200 or 300 mg/kg body weight/day, or with vitafer, the reference drug against anemia. The positive control group (anemia) was not treated. Blood samples were taken from all the rats on different days: D0, D2, D7, D10 and D15 to evaluate the data of the hemogram and the osmotic resistance of the red blood cells. Results: Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, leucoanthocyanins, saponosides, triterpenes and mucilages. A good yield was obtained at the extraction. Both the extract and the reference drug vitafer completely corrected anemia within two weeks after stimulating hemoglobin synthesis and early release of immature red blood cells into the bloodstream. Its effect seemed dose-dependent and specific. Conclusion: Moringa oleifera leaves showed good therapeutic efficacy and can be considered and exploited for transformation into improved traditional medicines (ITM) in the treatment of anemia.

关键词： Moringa oleifera Hemolytic Anemia Red Blood Cells Wistar Rats

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safety of the Aqueous Extract of the Leaves of senna alata (L.) Roxb. (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae), a Plant Used in Benin to Treat Infections

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2022年第12期10卷 86-95页

作者： maximin s.nou René Dehou Félicienne Agbogba Pascal Tchogou Yollande Abissi Alban Houngbeme Gutemberg Kpossou Eugénie Anago Eugène Attakpa Laboratoire de Biologie Expérimentale et Clinique (LaBEC) Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Biosciences et Biotechnologie Appliquées Université Nationale des Sciences Technologies Ingénierie et Mathématiques d’Abomey Benin Laboratoire de Biologie Appliquée (LARBA) Ecole Polytechnique d’Abomey-Calavi (EPAC) Université d’Abomey-Calavi (UAC) Abomey-Calavi Benin Laboratoire National de Pharmacognosie/Centre Béninois de la Recherche scientifique et Technique (CBRsT) Porto-Novo Benin Laboratoire de l’Hô pital de Zone saint Jean de Dieu de Boko Parakou Benin Laboratoire de Physiopathologie Moléculaire et Toxicologie Faculté des Sciences et Techniques (FAST) Université d’Abomey-Calavi (UAC) Abomey-Calavi Benin

Description of the subject: senna alata (L.) was a plant in the Benin pharmacopoeia used to treat skin infections. Objectives: The aim of our work was to test its harmlessness in vivo. Method: Wistar rats received by gavage a single dose of 2000 mg/kg of senna alata leaves aqueous extract for the Acute Oral Toxicity (AOT) test. For the sub-Chronic Oral Toxicity (sCT) test, rats force-fed the extract at a daily dose of 300 mg/Kg of body weight for 28 days. The weight of the rats was taken and the blood samples were collected on Day 0, then respectively day 14 for the AOT and Day 28 for the sCT. The renal balance was carried out by dosage of the creatinine, the liver balance by the transaminases AsT and ALT and the blood balance by the hemogram. The liver, kidneys and spleen were removed for histological analysis. The results were analyzed using the student test, with the significance level set at 5%. Results: The weight of the rats did not change significantly in the acute or subchronic oral toxicity tests suggesting an absence of physical disturbance in the rats. serum creatinine did not vary significantly, suggesting preservation of renal function. That was the same for AsAT and ALAT transaminases, indicating an absence of hepatic cytolysis. In hematology, the hemoglobin level and the number of blood platelets did not vary significantly, suggesting that the extract did not create anemia and did not influence blood coagulation. Hepatic, renal and splenic parenchyma showed no atypia. Conclusion: The aqueous extract of senna alata (L.) leaves did not reveal any acute or subchronic toxicity and offered prospects for its use in the treatment of infections.

关键词： senna alata Oral Toxicity Liver Kidneys and spleen

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Modification of the Genetic Polymorphism of Glutathione-s-Transferase (GsTM1 and GsTT1) in Motorcycle Drivers Exposed to BTEX in Cotonou

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2022年第11期10卷 104-112页

作者： Cachon Fresnel Boris sagbo H. Firmin Nanoukon Chimène Djedatin Gustave Atindehou Ménonvè s.nou maximin Ayi-Fanou Lucie Laboratory of Biochemistry Molecular Biology and Environment Faculty of Sciences and Techniques University of Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Benin Laboratory of Experimental and Clinical Biology National School of Applied Biosciences and Biotechnologies National University of Sciences Technologies Engineering and Mathematics Abomey Benin Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics Applied to Genomics National School of Applied Biosciences and Biotechnologies National University of Sciences Technologies Engineering and Mathematics Abomey Benin

The glutathione-s-transferase genes mainly the GsTM1 and GsTT1 alleles are responsible for the synthesis of detoxication enzymes that can remove toxic substances. The objective of this study is to seek changes in the genetic polymorphism of glutathione-s-transferase GsTM1 and GsTT1 in motorcycle drivers exposed to BTEX. Our study group consists of 60 motorcycle drivers including 30 professional and 30 non-professional. Blood samples were preleveled from the study population in the EDTA tubes and DNA was extracted by the phenol/chloroform method. The PCR technique was used to determine the presence or absence of genes. Our results showed that the percentage of GsTM1 null genotype has a statistically significant difference (P = 0.02), while the percentage of GsTT1 null genotype was non-significant (P = 0.76) between the two groups. The percentage of deletion of both genes is higher in professional than non-professional motorcycle drivers. Air pollution in Cotonou by BTEX seems to influence the deletion of the GsTM1 and GsTT1 genes at a higher percentage among professional than non-professional motorcycle drivers.

关键词： BTEX Glutathione-s-Transferase Deletion PCR Motorcycle Drivers

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Analysis of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Hypertensive Farmers and Non-Farmers in the Zou Region of Central Benin

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2023年第12期11卷 362-375页

作者： Fidele s.nounameto Marcelin Agbo Colette Azandjeme santorin seton Mansouratou Betira Jean-Baptiste Amagbegnon Fresnel Cachon maximin s.nou Casmir Akpovi Alphonse sezan Camille Dossou Lamine Baba-Moussa Joachim Gbenou Omedine Koukoui Laboratory of Research in Medical and Pharmaceutic Biotechnology (LaRBiMeP) Research Unit of Animal Physiology Cell Signaling and Pharmacology (U-PASCPharm) ENSBBA/UNSTIM Dassa-Zoumé Benin Department of Health Promotion IRSP/UAC Ouidah Benin Laboratory of Research in Medical and Pharmaceutic Biotechnology (LaRBiMeP) Unit of Experimental and Clinical Biology (U-BEC) ENSBBA/UNSTIM Dassa-Zoumé Benin Laboratory of Applied Biology Research Research Unit on Non-Communicable Diseases and Cancer EPAC/UAC Cotonou Benin Laboratory of Pharmacology and Improved Traditional Medicines Department of Animal Physiology FAST/UAC Cotonou Benin Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Typing in Microbiology Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology FAST/UAC Abomey Calavi Benin Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Essential Oils FAST/UAC Cotonou Benin

The heavy use of chemicals, pesticides, cosmetics and plastic packaging coincides with a resurgence of cardiovascular disease, in particular hypertension, which is affecting younger and younger populations. The aim of this study was to analyze the cardiovascular risk factors in hypertensive farmers compared with hypertensive non farmers. This was a prospective case-control study that included 239 hypertensive farmers and non farmers aged 25 to 65 with blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg and 90 mmHg. Hypertensive farmers (101) represented 42.25% of the population versus hypertensive non farmers (138) 57.74%. The median ages were 47 ± 11.3 years for farmers and 51.45 ± 9.77 years for non farmers. Biochemical analysisand screening for major cardiovascular disease risk factors such as metabolic syndrome were performed. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the new definition of the International Diabetes Federation. Our results revealed higher blood glucose levels in farmers (47.77%) than in non farmers (27.20%) (p = 0.0132). Dyslipidemia was more frequent in non farmerswith high level of LDL cholesterol and total cholesterol. Farmers presented a high level of tryglycerides. The prevalence of obesity was higher in non farmers 51 (36.96%) than farmers 18 (17.82%). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 106 (44.35%) in our study population. There was not an important difference between farmers (39.60%) and non farmers (47.82%). However, the variation of metabolic syndrome according to age and sex showed a higher prevalence in young male farmers aged 25 to 45 whereas non farmers presented an increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome according to age and the absence of metabolic syndrome between age 25 and 35. Our results showed that the cardiovascular risk appeared early in young farmers compared with non farmers suggesting a possible role of pesticides in the onset of this risk.

关键词： Chemicals Farmers Metabolic syndrome Hypertension

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Antibacterial Activity and Toxicity of the sap and Aqueous Extract of the Leaves of Jatropha multifida Linn

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2022年第7期10卷 171-182页

作者： maximin s.nou Jacques Ezéchiel Lokonon Edjégué Oloroun-Togni Ruth Abissi Félicienne Agbogba René J. Dehou Espérance Medoatinsa Pascal Tchogou Boris Fresel Cachon Alban Houngbeme Eugène Attakpa Amègnona Agbonon Lamine Baba-Moussa Laboratory of Experimental and Clinical Biology National School of Applied Biosciences and Biotechnologies National University of Sciences Technologies Engineering and Mathematics (UNSTIM) Abomey The Republic of Benin Laboratoire de Biologie Appliquée (LARBA) Ecole Polytechnique d’Abomey-Calavi (EPAC) Université d’Abomey-Calavi (UAC) Godomey The Republic of Benin Laboratoire National de Pharmacognosie/Centre Béninois de la Recherche scientifique et Technique (CBRsT) Cotonou The Republic of Benin Laboratoire de Physiopathologie Moléculaire et Toxicologie de la Faculté des sciences et Techniques (FAsT) de l’Université d’Abomey-Calavi (UAC) Godomey The Republic of Benin Laboratoire de Physiologie/Pharmacologie Faculté des Sciences Université de Lomé Lome The Republic of Togo Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Typing in Microbiology University of Abomey-Calavi Cotonou The Republic of Benin

Introduction: Jatropha multifida Lin was a plant of traditional Beninese medicine used as an antibiotic. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity and the toxicity of the sap and the aqueous extract of Jatropha multifida leaves. Methods: Phytochemical screening of Jatropha multifida leaves was carried out. The extract was obtained by maceration. The antimicrobial activity of sap and leaves was evaluated on the five strains of hospital germs. Acute oral toxicity by forced gavage in a single dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight was performed on female Wistar rats. Biochemical and hematological parameters were determined. Results: The presence of flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, anthocyanins, mucilages, leuco-anthocyanins and saponosides was noted in the leaves of Jatropha multifida. The aqueous extracts of the leaves inhibited two strains of staphylococcus aureus out of three, while the sap of Jatropha multifida was 100% bactericidal against the strains of staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus D. The sap and aqueous leaf extract were not bactericidal on strains of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. For the toxicity, there was no death of rats and the aqueous extract of the leaves did not significantly vary the weight of the rats, the creatinine, the ALAT transaminase, the hemoglobin level, the number of white blood cells and blood platelets. Conclusion: The sap of Jatropha multifida exerted a more effective antibacterial activity than the aqueous extract of its leaves. The leaves were not acutely toxic.

关键词： Jatropha multifida Antibacterial Activity Toxicity Benin

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