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Non-physician endoscopists: A systematic review

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第16期21卷 5056-5071页

作者： maximilian stephens Luke F Hourigan Mark Appleyard George Ostapowicz Mark Schoeman Paul V Desmond Jane M Andrews Michael Bourke David Hewitt David A Margolin Gerald J Holtmann Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Princess Alexandra Hospital Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Queensland Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology RBWH Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Gold Coast Hospital QLD 4215 Department of Gastro-enterology and Hepatology Royal Adelaide Hospital and University of Adelaide St Vincent’s Hospital University of MelbourneMelbourne VIC 3010Australia Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Westmead HospitalUniversity of Sydney School of Medicine University of Queensland Department of Gastroenterology Queensland Elizabeth II Jubilee HospitalCoopers PlainsBrisbane QLD 4108Australia Department of Colon and Rectal Surgery Ochsner Clinic Foundation Ochsner Clinical SchoolUniversity of Queensland

AIM:To examine the available evidence on safety, competency and cost-effectiveness of nursing staff providing gastrointestinal(GI) endoscopy ***:The literature was searched for publications reporting nurse endoscopy using several databases and specific search *** were screened against eligibility criteria and for *** searches yielded 74 eligible and relevant articles; 26 of these studies were primary research articles using original datasets relating to the ability of nonphysician *** publications included a total of 28883 procedures performed by non-physician ***:The number of publications in the field of non-specialist gastrointestinal endoscopy reached a peak between 1999 and 2001 and has decreased thereafter.17/26 studies related to flexible sigmoidoscopies,5 to upper GI endoscopy and 6 to *** studies were from metropolitan centres with nurses working under strict supervision and guidance by specialist *** distribution of publications showed the majority of research was conducted in the United States(43%),the United Kingdom(39%)and the Netherlands(7%).Most studies conclude that after appropriate training nurseendoscopists safely perform ***,in relation to endoscopic competency,safety or patient satisfaction,all studies had major methodological *** were often not randomized(21/26studies)and not appropriately *** relation to cost-efficiency,nurse endoscopists were less costeffective per procedure at year 1 when compared to services provided by physicians,due largely to the increased need for subsequent endoscopies,specialist follow-up and primary care ***:Contrary to general beliefs,endoscopic services provided by nurse endoscopists are not more cost effective compared to standard service models and evidence suggests the *** significant shortcomings and biases limit the validity and

关键词： Nurse endoscopist Cost-benefit Servicemodel Patient satisfaction Outcome parameter

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Assessing ventilation control strategies in underground parking garages

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Building Simulation 2021年第3期14卷 701-720页

作者： Afshin Faramarzi Jongki Lee Brent stephens Mohammad Heidarinejad Department of Civil Architecturaland Environmental EngineeringIllinois Institute of TechnologyChicagoILUSA

Enclosed parking garages require mechanical ventilation fans to dilute concentrations of pollutants emitted from vehicles,which contributes to energy use and peak electricity *** study develops and applies a simulation framework combining multi-zone airflow and contaminant transport modeling,fan affinity laws,and realistic assumptions for vehicle traffic patterns and carbon monoxide(CO)emissions to improve our ability to predict the impacts of various ventilation control strategies on indoor air quality and fan energy use in parking *** simulation approach is validated using measured data from a parking garage case study and then applied to investigate fan energy use,peak power demand,and resulting CO concentrations for four different ventilation control strategies in a model underground parking garage under a variety of assumptions for model *** four ventilation control strategies evaluated include one simplistic schedule(i.e.,Always-On)and three demand-based strategies in which fan speed is a function of CO concentrations in the spaces,including Linear-Demand Control Ventilation(DCV),Standardized Variable Flow(SVF),and a simple On-Off *** estimated annual average fan energy consumption was consistently lowest with the Linear-DCV strategy,resulting in average(±standard deviation)energy savings across all modeled scenarios of 84.3%±0.4%,72.8%±3.6%,and 97.9%±0.1%compared to SVF,On-Off,and Always-On strategies,*** utility of the framework described herein is that it can be used to model energy and indoor air quality impacts of other parking garage configurations and control scenarios.

关键词： carbon monoxide demand control ventilation energy efficiency indoor air quality underground parking garage

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Joint effects of weather and interspecific competition on foraging behavior and survival of a mountain herbivore

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Current Zoology 2019年第2期65卷 165-175页

作者： Francesco FERRETTI Sandro LOVARI Philip A. stephens Research Unit of Behavioural Ecology Ethology and Wildlife Management Department of Life Sciences University of Siena Via P.A. Mattioli 4 53100 Siena Italy Conservation Ecology Group Department of Biosciences Durham University South Road Durham DH1 3LE UK Maremma Natural History Museum Strada Corsini 5 58100 Grosseto Italy

Weather variations have the potential to in fluence species interactions, although effects on competitive interactions between species are poorly known. Both weather and competition can influence foraging behavior and survival of herbivores during nursing/weaning, a critical period in the herbivore life cycle. We evaluated the joint effects of weather and competition with red deer Cervus elaphus on the foraging behavior of adult female Apen nine chamois Rupicapra pyrenaica ornata in summer, and on winter survival of chamois kids. High temperature and low rainfall during the growing seas on of vegetation had negative effects on bite rate. Effects of weather were greater in forb patches, including cold-adapted, nutritious plants of key importanee to chamois, than in graminoid ones. Our results confirm previous indications of a negative effect of competition on bite rate of female chamois and on kid survival. Furthermore, harsh weather conditions and competition with deer had additive, negative roles on foraging behavior and survival of chamois. Growing temperatures are expected to influence distribution, growth, and/or nutritional quality of plants;competition would reduce pasture quality and food availability through resource depletion. Both factors would limit food/energy intake rates during summer, reducing survival of the youngest cohorts in winter. We suggest that interspecific competition can be an important additive factor to the effects of weather changes on behavior and demography.

关键词： chamois foraging behavior global changes interspecific interactions resource exploitation ungulates

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Assessing Sustainability of Land Management Using a Risk Identification Model

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Pedosphere 2003年第1期13卷 41-48页

作者： P.R.stephens A.E.Hewitt 等 LandcareResearch PrivateBag11052PalmerstonNorth（NewZealand） LandcareResearch.P.O.Box69 Lincoln（NewZealand）

New Zealand is highly dependent on its soil resource for continued agricultural production. To avoiddepleting this resource, there is a need to identify soils and associated land management practices wherethere is a risk of soil degradation. Environmental integrity and ecosystem services also need to be ***, to ensure sustainable production, the on- and off-site environmental impacts of land managementneed to be identified and managed. We developed a structural vulnerability index for New Zealand soils. Thisindex ranks soils according to their inherent susceptibility to physical degradation when used for agricultural(pasture, forestry and cropping) purposes. We also developed a rule-based model to assess soil compactionvulnerability by characterising the combined effects of resistance and resilience. Other soil attributes havebeen appraised using seven chemical, physical and biological indicators of soil quality. These indicators havebeen applied in a nation-wide project involving data collection from over 500 sites for a range of land *** soil quality data can be interpreted via the World Wide Web - through the interactive decision-support tool SINDI. The land-use impact model is a framework to assess agricultural land management andenvironmental sustainability, and may be applied to land units at any scale. Using land resource data andinformation the model explicitly identifies hazards to land productivity and environmental integrity. It utilisesqualitative expert and local knowledge and quantitative model-based evaluations to assess the potentialenvironmental impacts of land-management practices. The model is linked to a geographic informationsystem (GIS), allowing model outputs, such as the environmental impacts of site-specific best managementpractices, to be identified in a spatially explicit manner. The model has been tested in New Zealand in anarea of pastoral land use. Advantages of this risk identification model include: utilising

关键词： land-use planning soil quality resilience resistance sustainableagriculture

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A RECONSIDERATION OF THE ACCURACY OF THE REISNER CATEGORISATION SYSTEM OF EGYPTIAN WATERCRAFT HULL TYPES Ⅵ–Ⅷ

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Journal of Ancient Civilizations 2019年第1期34卷 1-19,125页

作者： Michael Allen stephens Monash University

In 2012,I proposed an expansion of the accepted range of hull types utilized by the Egyptians during the Old and Middle Kingdoms,a range based initially on the models and surviving hulls published by Reisner.1 This series expansion ceased at Type V,as Type VI were“Solar”and VII“Divine”vessels,while Type VIII was known only from the New *** V,identifiable as the Manedjet(mand.t),the Day Boat,was included in this expansion due to the discovery and re-assembly of the Old Kingdom vessel of this type,found buried alongside the Great Pyramid,suggestive of its having been a functioning craft,and not *** the hull types Reisner had not categorized,being known only from iconographic depictions,I allocated temporary typological labels–ETH,an abbreviation for“Expedient Type Hull,”with a category and/or a sub category number or *** both the Reisner and the ETH forms,sub categories were developed,utilizing variations of such features as bow and stern finials or variations in hull shape,within the context of their category.

关键词： utilizing expansion abbreviation

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Psychological Outcomes in Disaster Responders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Effect of Social Support

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2018年第3期9卷 344-358页

作者： Johnrev Guilaran Ian de Terte Krzysztof Kaniasty Christine stephens School of Psychology Massey University Division of Social Sciences University of the Philippines Visayas Department of Psychology Indiana University of Pennsylvania Polish Academy of Sciences

Disaster response work is associated with various psychological outcomes. In post-disaster conditions,social support is generally observed to impact mental health, particularly for survivors. This review was conducted to survey the extent of social support effectiveness on disaster responder groups. Published quantitative social support studies on police, emergency medical responders,rescue and recovery workers, firefighters, and military responders were searched in various academic databases using keyword searches, a reference list search, and a citation search that resulted in 24 studies with 90 effect sizes being included in the final data base. Articles were coded and effect sizes were averaged using the Hedges–Vevea Random Effects model. Nineteen categories of psychological outcomes(for example, anxiety, depression,posttraumatic stress symptoms, and psychological distress)and eight classifications of support were coded. Social support was found to be associated with anxiety, burnout,depression, job control, job satisfaction, psychological distress, turnover intentions, and work engagement, with mean effect sizes from-0.36 to 0.57. Most studies measured perceived social support and negative *** support correlated with outcomes in police responders and rescue and recovery workers. This review discusses the breadth of effect of social support, as well as other elements, such as temporal factors, that may affect the effectiveness of social support in disaster responders.

关键词： Disaster responders Meta-analysis Post-disaster psychological outcomes Psychological distress Social support

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Mobile Alert and Warning in the United States and Japan:Confronting the Challenges of International Harmonization

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2021年第6期12卷 928-934页

作者： Hamilton Bean Ana Maria Cruz Mika Shimizu Keri K.stephens Matthew McGlone Sharon Strover Department of Communication University of ColoradoDenver.CO 80204USA Disaster Prevention Research Institute(DPRI).Kyoto University Kyoto 611-0011Japan Graduate School of Advanced Integrated Studies in Human Survivability Kyoto UniversityKyoto 606-8501Japan Department of Communication Studies The University of Texas at AustinAustinTX 78712USA School of Journalism and Media The University of Texas at AustinAustinTX 78712USA

A U.S.-Japan expert workshop on mobile alert and warning was held online 8–10 September *** by the Japan Foundation’s Center for Global Partnership(CGP)and responding to the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030,the workshop compared *** Japanese mobile alert and warning contexts,systems,policies,and messages to investigate possibilities for international harmonization of mobile device-based early *** workshop’s sessions revealed two interrelated issues that repeatedly surfaced among workshop participants:culture and *** workshop illuminated several possibilities and problems confronting U.S.,Japanese,and global stakeholders as they develop,deploy,and seek to improve the effectiveness of mobile alert and warning systems and messages.

关键词： Alerts Disasters Warning Japan Mobile technology United States

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Streamline pair selection for comparative flow field visualization

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Visual Computing for Industry,Biomedicine,and Art 2020年第1期3卷 215-226页

作者： Shoko Sawada Takayuki Itoh Takashi Misaka Shigeru Obayashi Tobias Czauderna Kingsley stephens Ochanomizu University 2-1-1 OtsukaBunkyo-kuTokyo 1128610Japan Tohoku University 2-1-1 KatahiraAoba-kuSendaiMiyagi 9808577Japan Monash University Wellington RoadClaytonVictoriaAustralia

Fluid dynamics simulation is often repeated under varying *** leads to a generation of large amounts of results,which are difficult to *** compare results under different conditions,it is effective to overlap the streamlines generated from each condition in a single three-dimensional *** is a curved line,which represents a wind *** paper presents a technique to automatically select and visualize important streamlines that are suitable for the comparison of the simulation ***,we present an implementation to observe the flow fields in virtual reality spaces.

关键词： Computational fluid dynamics Streamline selection Comparative flow field visualization Virtual reality

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The challenges of developing an open source, standards-based technology stack to deliver the latest UK climate projections

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2012年第1期5卷 43-62页

作者： Ag stephens Philip James David Alderson Stephen Pascoe Simon Abele Alan Iwi Peter Chiu The British Atmospheric Data Centre DidcotUK School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences Newcastle UniversityNewcastle-Upon-TyneUK

To improve the understanding of local and regional effects of climate change,the UK government supported the development of new climate *** Met Office Hadley Centre produced a sophisticated set of probabilistic projections for future *** paper discusses the design and implementation of an interactive website to deliver those projections to a broad user *** interface presents complex data sets,generates on-the-fly products and schedules jobs to an offline weather generator capable of outputting gigabytes of data in response to a single request.A robust and scalable physical architecture was delivered through significant use of open source technologies and open standards.

关键词： geoinformatics digital earth climate change geospatial science geospatial data integration

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B7-H7 (HHLA2) inhibits T-cell activation and proliferation in the presence of TCR and CD28 signaling

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2021年第6期18卷 1503-1511页

作者： Sadiye Amcaoglu Rieder Jingya Wang Natalie White Ariful Qadri Catherine Menard Geoffrey stephens Jodi LKarnell Christopher ERudd Roland Kolbeck Present address:Viela Bio GaithersburgMDUSA Universite de Montreal MontrealQCCanada MedImmune/AstraZeneca GaithersburgMDUSA Biopharmaceuticals Early RIAAstraZenecaGaithersburgMDUSA Biopharmaceuticals Early RIAAstraZenecaGaithersburgMDUSA View author publications

Modulation of T-cell responses has played a key role in treating cancers and autoimmune ***,understanding how different receptors on T cells impact functional outcomes is *** influence of B7-H7(HHLA2)and CD28H(TMIGD2)on T-cell activation remains *** we examined global transcriptomic changes in human T cells induced by *** through TCR with OKT3 and B7-H7 resulted in modest fold changes in the expression of select genes;however,these fold changes were significantly lower than those induced by OKT3 and B7-1 *** transcriptional changes induced by OKT3 and B7-H7 were insufficient to provide functional stimulation as measured by evaluating T-cell proliferation and cytokine ***,B7-H7 was coinhibitory when simultaneously combined with TCR and CD28 *** inhibitory activity was comparable to that observed with ***,in physiological assays using T cells and APCs,blockade of B7-H7 enhanced T-cell activation and proliferation,demonstrating that this ligand acts as a break *** work defines that the transcriptomic changes induced by B7-H7 are insufficient to support full costimulation with TCR signaling and,instead,B7-H7 inhibits T-cell activation and proliferation in the presence of TCR and CD28 signaling.

关键词： T cell inhibition Checkpoint pathway T cell transcriptomics

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