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OsWRKY62 is a Negative Regulator of Basal and Xa21-Mediated Defense against Xanthomonas orvzae pv. orvzae in Rice

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Molecular Plant 2008年第3期1卷 446-458页

作者： Ying Peng Laura E. Bartley Xuewei Chen Christopher Dardick mawsheng chern Randy Ruan Patrick E. Canlas Pamela C. Ronald Department of Plant Pathology University of California Davis CA 95616 USA Present address: Monsanto Corporation Davis CA 95616 USA Present address: USDA-ARS Appalachian Fruit Research Station Kearneysville WV 25430 USA

The rice Xa21 gene, which confers resistance to the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae （Xoo）, encodes a receptor-like kinase, Few components involved in transducing the Xa21-mediated defense response have yet been identified. Here, we report that XA21 binds to a WRKY transcription factor, called OsWRKY62. The OsWRKY62 gene encodes two splice variants （OsWRKY62.1 and OsWRKY62.2）. OsWRKY62.1：smGFP2 and OsWRKY62.2：smGFP2 fusion pro- teins partially localize to the nucleus. Transgenic plants overexpressing OsWRKY62.1 are compromised in basal defense and Xa21-mediated resistance to Xoo. Furthermore, overexpression of OsWRKY62.1 suppresses the activation of defenserelated genes. These results imply that OsWRKY62 functions as a negative regulator of innate immunity in rice, and serves as a critical mediator of both basal and race-specific defense responses.

关键词： rice OsWRKY62 Xa21 defense response.

An XA21-Associated Kinase （OsSERK2） Regulates Immunity Mediated by the XA21 and XA3 Immune Receptors

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Molecular Plant 2014年第5期7卷 874-892页

作者： Xuewei Chena Shimin Zuo Benjamin Schwessinger mawsheng chern Patrick E. Canlas Deling Ruan Xiaogang Zhou Jing Wang Arsalan Daudi Christopher J. Petzold Joshua L. Heazlewood Pamela C. Ronald Department of Plant Pathology and the Genome Center University of California Davis CA 95616 USA Rice Research Institute Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu Sichuan 611130 China Joint Bioenergy Institute Emeryville CA 94710 USA Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education College of Agriculture Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225009 China

The rice XA21 immune receptor kinase and the structurally related XA3 receptor confer immunity to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae （Xoo）, the causal agent of bacterial leaf blight. Here we report the isolation of OsSERK2 （rice somatic embryogenesis receptor kinase 2） and demonstrate that OsSERK2 positively regulates immunity mediated by XA21 and XA3 as well as the rice immune receptor FLS2 （OsFLS2）. Rice plants silenced for OsSerk2 display altered morphology and reduced sensitivity to the hormone brassinolide. OsSERK2 interacts with the intracellular domains of each immune receptor in the yeast two-hybrid system in a kinase activity-dependent manner. OsSERK2 undergoes bidi- rectional transphosphorylation with XA21 in vitro and forms a constitutive complex with XA21 in vivo. These results demonstrate an essential role for OsSERK2 in the function of three rice immune receptors and suggest that direct interaction with the rice immune receptors is critical for their function. Taken together, our findings suggest that the mechanism of OsSERK2-meditated regulation of rice XA21, XA3, and FLS2 differs from that of AtSERK3/BAK1-mediated regulation of Arabidopsis FLS2 and EFR.

关键词： immune receptor kinases somatic embryogenesis receptor kinase （SERK） immunity Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae rice.

Paladin, a tyrosine phosphatase-like protein, is required for XA21-mediated immunity in rice

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Plant Communications 2021年第4期2卷 116-126页

作者： Tsung-Chi Chen mawsheng chern Michael Steinwand Deling Ruan Yu Wang Arkin Isharani Pamela Ronald Department of Plant Pathology and the Genome Center University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA

XA21 encodes a rice immune receptor that confers robust resistance to most strains of the Gram-negative bacterium Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae(Xoo).XA21-mediated immunity is triggered by recognition of a small protein called RaxX-sY(required for activation of XA21-mediated immunity X,tyrosine-sulfated)secreted by Xoo.To identify components regulating XA21-mediated immunity,we generated and screened a mutant population of fast-neutron-mutagenized rice expressing Ubi:Myc-XA21 for those susceptible to Xoo.Here,we report the characterization of one of these rice mutants,named sxi2(suppressor of XA21-mediated immunity-2).Whole-genome sequencing revealed that sxi2 carries a deletion of the PALADIN(PALD)gene encoding a protein with three putative protein tyrosine phosphatase-like domains(PTP-A,-B,and-C).Expression of PALD in the sxi2 genetic background was sufficient to complement the susceptible phenotype,which requires the catalytic cysteine of the PTP-A active site to restore resistance.PALD coimmunoprecipitated with the full-length XA21 protein,whose levels are positively regulated by the presence of the PALD transgene.Furthermore,we foundd that sxi2 retains many hallmarks of XA21-mediated immunity,similar to the wild type.These results reveal that PALD,a previously uncharacterized class of phosphatase,functions in rice innate immunity,and suggest that the conserved cysteine in the PTP-A domain of PALD is required for its immune function.

关键词： XA21 rice bacterial blight disease Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae fast-neutron mutagenesis PALD

Identification and characterization of rice blast resistance gene Pid4 by a combination of transcriptomic profiling and genome analysis

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2018年第12期45卷 663-672页

作者： Zhixiong Chen Wen Zhao Xiaobo Zhu Chengdong Zou Junjie Yin mawsheng chern Xiaogang Zhou Heng Ying Xin Jiang Yongzhen Li Haicheng Liao Mengping Cheng Weitao Li Min He Jing Wang Jichun Wang Bingtian Ma Jirui Wang Shigui Li Lihuang Zhu Xuewei Chen State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics of Disease Resistance and Disease Control State Key Laboratory of Hybrid RiceKey Laboratory of Major Crop Diseases & Collaborative Innovation Center for Hybrid Rice in Yangtze River BasinRice Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversitySichuan 611130 China Department of Plant Pathology University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA Triticeae Research Institute.Sichuan Agricultural University Sichuan 611130China State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics National Center for Plant Gene ResearchInstitute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101China

Map-based cloning of plant disease resistance (R) genes is time-consuming. Here, we reported the isolation of blast R gene Pid4 using comparative transcriptomic profiling and genome-wide sequence analysis. Pid4 encodes a coiled-coil nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat(CC-NBS-LRR) protein and is constitutively expressed at diverse developmental stages in the rice variety Digu. The Pid4 protein is localized in both the nucleus and cytoplasm. Introduction of Pid4 into susceptible rice cultivars confers race-specific resistance to leaf and neck blast. Amino acid sequence comparison and blast resistance spectrum tests showed that Pid4 is a novel R gene, different from the previously reported R genes located in the same gene cluster. A Pid4 Indel marker was developed to facilitate the identification of Pid4 in different rice varieties. We demonstrated that a plant R gene can be quickly isolated using transcriptomic profiling coupled with genome-wide sequence analysis.

关键词： Blast disease Genome-wide sequence analysis Resistance Rice Transcriptome

双分子荧光互补试验研究水稻NH1家族蛋白之间相互作用

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华北农学报 2011年第2期26卷 30-34页

作者：白薇孙海莲 mawsheng chern Randy Ruan Pam Ronald 樊明寿内蒙古农业大学生命科学学院内蒙古呼和浩特010018 中国科学院内蒙古草业研究中心内蒙古呼和浩特010031 Department of Plant Pathology University of California 内蒙古农业大学农学院内蒙古呼和浩特010018

NPR1(Non-expresser of pathogenesis related genes 1)是水杨酸(Salicilic acid,SA)介导的系统获得抗性(Sys-temic aquired resistance,SAR)的关键调控因子,在水稻中过量表达拟南芥NPR1和水稻NH1/OsNPR1(NPR1 homo-logue 1)(NPR1的同源物)可增强抗病性。水稻基因组中还有4个NPR1旁系同源物(Paralog),为NH1的家族蛋白。本试验利用双分子荧光互补技术(Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation,BiFC,or split YFP)研究了水稻NH1家族蛋白之间在活体内的相互作用,发现除NH2外,NH1、NH3、NH4和NH5都会和自身的蛋白互作,产生荧光信号,并且它们还会和家族成员的其他蛋白相互结合产生荧光信号。

关键词：水稻 NH1家族蛋白双分子荧光互补试验蛋白互作

Inactivation of OslRX10 Leads to Decreased Xylan Content in Rice Culm Cell Walls and Improved Biomass Saccharification

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Molecular Plant 2013年第2期6卷 570-573页

作者： Xuewei Chen Miguel E. Vega-Sanchez Yves Verhertbruggenb Dawn Chiniquy Patrick E. Canlas Alexandra Fagerstrom Lina Prak Ulla Christensen Ai Oikawa mawsheng chern Shimin Zuo Fan Lin Manfred Auer William G.T. Willats Laura Bartley Jesper Harholt Henrik V. Scheller Pamela C. Ronald Department of Plant Pathology and The Genome Center University of California Davis CA 95616 USA Joint BioEnergy Institute Emeryville CA 94608 USA Rice Research Institute Sichuan Agricultural University at Wenjiang Wenjiang Chengdu 611130 China Physical Biosciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Science University of Copenhagen DK-1871 Frederiksberg Denmark Department of Botany and Microbiology University of Oklahoma Norman OK 73019 USA Department of Plant and Microbial Biology University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA

Dear Editor, Xylan polysaccharides constitute the major non-cellulosic components in secondary cell walls of dicots and in both primary and secondary cell walls of grasses （Scheller and Ulvskov, 2010）. Xylan is composed of a linear backbone of 13（1-4）-linked xylose （Xyl）. In grasses, the xylan backbone is substituted with 03-1inked and 02-1inked arabinose residues and, to a lesser extent, a（1-3）-Iinked glucuronic acid residues.

关键词： ARABIDOPSIS

Strong Suppression of Systemic Acquired Resistance in Arabidopsis by NRR is Dependent on its Ability to Interact with NPRland its Putative Repression Domain

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Molecular Plant 2008年第3期1卷 552-559页

作者： mawsheng chern Patrick E. Canlas Pamela C. Ronald Department of Plant Pathology University of California Davis CA 95616 USA

Systemic Acquired Resistance （SAR） in plants confers lasting broad-spectrum resistance to pathogens and requires the phytohormone salicylic acid （SA）. Arabidopsis NPR1/NIM1 is a key regulator of the SAR response. Studies attempting to reveal the function of NPR1 and how it mediates SA signaling have led to isolation of two classes of proteins that interact with NPRI＂ the first class includes rice NRR, Arabidopsis NIMIN1, NIMIN2, and NIMIN3, and tobacco NIMIN2-1ike proteins; the second class belongs to TGA transcription factors. We have previously shown that overexpression of N RR in rice suppresses both basal and Xa21-mediated resistance. In order to test whether NRR affects SA-induced, NPRl-mediated SAR, we have transformed Arabidopsis with the rice NRR gene and tested its effects on the defense response. Expression of NRR in Arabidopsis results in suppression of PR gene induction by SAR inducer and resistance to pathogens. These phenotypes are even more severe than those of the nprl-1 mutant. The ability of NRR to suppress PR gene induction and disease resistance is correlated with its ability to bind to NPR1 because two point mutations in NRR, which reduce NPR1 binding, fail to suppress NPR1. In contrast, wild-type and a mutant NRR, which still binds to NPR1 strongly, retain the ability to suppress the SAR response. Replacing the C-terminal 79 amino acids of NRR with the VP16 activation domain turns the fusion protein into a transcriptional co-activator. These results indicate that NRR binds to NPR1 in vivo in a protein complex to inhibit transcriptional activation of PR genes and that NRR contains a transcription repression domain for active repression.

关键词： NRR NPR1 SA SAR disease resistance.

Deciphering Rice Lesion Mimic Mutants to Understand Molecular Network Governing Plant Immunity and Growth

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Rice science 2020年第4期27卷 278-288页

作者： ZHU Xiaobo ZE Mu chern mawsheng CHEN Xuewei WANG Jing State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice/Key Laboratory of Major Crop Diseases&Collaborative Innovation Center for Hybrid Rice in Yangtze River Basin/Rice Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityWenjiang 611130China Department of Plant Pathology University of CaliforniaDavisCalifornia 95616USA

Plant lesion mimic mutants(lmms)generally possess autoimmunity and hypersensitive response(HR)-like cell death in the absence of biotic or abiotic stress.They have attracted much attention because they are useful tools for deciphering the interaction between defense signaling and growth.Recent studies have identified more than 30 lmms involved in the plant immune response and cell death in rice.Genes underlying these lmms,coding for diverse types of proteins,mainly regulate transcription,protein translation and modification,vesicular trafficking and catalyzation of metabolism.Here,we presented an overview of the most recent advances on the study of lmms in rice and proposed a perspective on potential utilization of LMM genes in agriculture.

关键词： lesion mimic mutant autoimmunity cell death growth regulation rice

Understanding the molecular mechanisms of trade-offs between plant growth and immunity

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2021年第2期64卷 234-241页

作者： Jing Wang Xiaoyu Long mawsheng Chem Xuewei Chen State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China(in preparation) Rice Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural University at WenjiangChengdu 611130China Department of Plant Pathology and the Genome Center University of CaliforniaDavisCalifornia 95616USA

Trade-offs between plant growth and immunity are a well-known phenomenon in plants that are meant to ensure the best use of limited resources.Recently,many advances have been achieved on molecular regulations of the trade-offs between plant growth and immunity.Here,we provide an overview on molecular understanding of these trade-offs including those regulated at the transcriptional level or post-transcriptional level by transcriptional factors,microRNAs,and post-translational modifications of proteins,respectively.The understanding on the molecular regulation of these trade-offs will provide new strategies to breed crops with high yield and enhanced resistance to disease.

关键词： trade-offs growth immunity transcription level plant