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Classifications of mandibular canal branching:A review of literature

World Journal of Radiology 2015年第12期7卷 531-537页

作者： Mauricio Augusto Aquino Castro Manuel Oscar Lagravere-Vich Tania Mara Pimenta Amaral mauro Henrique Guimaraes Abreu Ricardo Alves Mesquita Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology School of DentistryFederal University of Minas Gerais Graduate Orthodontic Program University of AlbertaUniversity of Alberta Department of Social and Preventive Dentistry School of DentistryFederal University of Minas Gerais

AIM: To gather existing radiographic classifications of mandibular canals branching, considering the criteria on which these were ***: The search for studies on mandibular canals based on imaging exams included literature reviews, epidemiological studies of prevalence, descriptive studies, or case reports. An electronic search in the MEDLINE(Ovid SP), Pub Med, EMBASE(Ovid SP), Web of Science(Thompson Reuters), and Scopus(Elsevier) databases was performed, as well as a manual evaluation of the references of the selected articles. Combinations of key words were placed in each database. No restrictions were imposed regarding the year of publication or language. References collected in duplicate were removed by the authors. A table was drawn up, containing the included studies and respective interest ***: Six classifications of mandibular canals branching were selected for the present literature review. Four were based on two-dimensional radiographic exams, and two were performed based on threedimensional tomographic exams. Three-dimensional classifications were determined based on the analysis found in the least number of exams, comparatively to two-dimensional studies. The prevalence of mandibular canal branching varied from 0% to 38.75% in the works based on two-dimensional exams, while those found inthree-dimensional exams ranged from 15.6% to 65%. The studies were mostly referred to branches that began in the mandibular ramus. Just one classification considered the branches that began in the mandibular body ***: Three-dimensional exams appear to be the best method to view mandibular canal branching. Further studies are warranted to determine its true prevalence and questions concerning to associations.

关键词： Inferior alveolar nerve Mandibular canal Bifid mandibular canal Dental radiography Cone-beam computed tomography

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贸易联盟变化对全球价值链的影响

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中国经济报告 2019年第1期 131-133页

作者：茂罗.博法玛丽昂.詹森奥尔加.索里德罗伯特.舒特高级研究中心国际贸易中心

当前,全球贸易政策和贸易联盟正在发生变化,全球价值链或将受到影响。对于寻求通过价值链一体化实现经济发展的国家而言,应高度重视这一变化。本文利用出口的增值分解以及世界银行全球优惠贸易协定数据库的信息,研究更有利于促进价值链... 详细信息

当前,全球贸易政策和贸易联盟正在发生变化,全球价值链或将受到影响。对于寻求通过价值链一体化实现经济发展的国家而言,应高度重视这一变化。本文利用出口的增值分解以及世界银行全球优惠贸易协定数据库的信息,研究更有利于促进价值链活动的政策组合。

关键词：贸易联盟价值链垂直一体化出口附加值

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Interleukin 28B-related polymorphisms: A pathway for understanding hepatitis C virus infection?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第42期19卷 7399-7404页

作者： Raquel Francine Liermann Garcia Simone Moreira Ana Lucia de Araújo Ramos Leslie Ecker Ferreira Angelo Alves de Mattos Cristiane Valle Tovo Lysandro Alsina Nader Juliene Antonio Ramos Edson Rondinelli Arnaldo de Jesus Dominici Christian Evangelista Garcia mauro de Souza Leite Pinho Carlos Eduardo Brando-Mello Cristiane Alves Villela-Nogueira Paulo Henrique Condeixa de Frana Departamento de Medicina Universidade da Regio de Joinville/UnivilleJoinville89219-719 Santa CatarinaBrazil Departamento de Clinica Médica e Cirurgia Geral Hospital Municipal So José Joinville89202-000 Santa CatarinaBrazil Departamento de Clínica Médica Servio de HepatologiaFaculdade de Medicina/Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho/Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro21941-913 Rio de JaneiroBrazil Servio de Gastroenterologia e Hepatologia Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia/ISCMPAPorto Alegre90020-090 Rio Grande do SulBrazil Servio de Endoscopia Universidade Federal de Pelotas/UFPelPelotas96010-610 Rio Grande do SulBrazil Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho/UFRJ 21941-902 Rio de JaneiroBrazil Departamento de Gastroenterologia Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal do Maranh o/UFMASo Luis65020-560 MaranhoBrazil Servio de Gastroenterologia Hospital Universitário Gaffrée Guinle/HUGG/UNIRIO20270-004 Rio de JaneiroBrazil

AIM:To analyze the role of rs12979860 and rs8099917polymorphisms in hepatitis C virus(HCV)genotype 1infection of ***:A total of 145 adult patients diagnosed with genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C(CHC)who had completed a 48-wk regimen of pegylated-interferonα-2a or-2b plus ribavirin combination therapy were recruited from six large urban healthcare centers and199 healthy blood donors(controls)from a single site between January 2010 and January *** on the patients’response to treatment was *** chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism genotyping of the interleukin(IL)28B gene fragment encompassing the single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)rs12979860(C/T)and rs8099917(T/G)was carried out for 79 of the CHC patients and 199 of the ***-directional amplicon sequencing of the two SNPs was carried out for the remaining 66 CHC ***:SNP rs12979860 genotyping was successful in 99.5%of the controls and 97.2%of the CHC patients,whereas the SNP rs8099917 genotyping was successful in 95.5%of the controls and 100%of the CHC *** genotype and allele distributions for both rs12979860 and rs8099917 were significantly different between the control and CHC patient groups,with significantly higher genotype frequencies of CC and TT in the controls(P=0.037 and 0.046,respectively)and of TT and GG in the CHC patients(P=0.0009and 0.0001,respectively).Analysis of the CHC patients who achieved sustained virological response(SVR)to treatment(n=55)indicated that the rs12979860 C allele and CC genotype were predictors of SVR(P=0.02).No significant correlation was found between rs8099917 genotypes and treatment response,but carriers of the T allele showed significantly higher rates of SVR(P=0.02).Linkage disequilibrium analysis of the group that achieved SVR showed a significant association between rs12979860 and rs8099917(P=0.07).CONCLUSION:The higher allele frequency of rs12979860 C and rs8099917 T observed in non-HCVinfec

关键词： Hepatitis C Interleukin 28B Single nucleotide polymorphisms Sustained virological response Brazil

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Cryoglobulinemia in elderly patients with HCV-related chronic hepatitis

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2010年第2期1卷 72-74页

作者： Francesco Giuseppe Foschi Anna Chiara Dall'Aglio Arianna Lanzi Giorgio Marano Sara Savini Pietro Andreone mauro Bernardi Giuseppe Francesco Stefanini Department of Internal Medicine Faenza Hospital Department of Clinical Medicine Bologna University

Hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection affects about 3% of the world's population and often leads to chronic liver *** some industrialized countries,HCV prevalence increases with age,but the optimal management of older patients has not been accurately *** infection can also lead to lymphoproliferative disorders,the most common being mixed cryoglobulinemia(MC),and also for this condition that frequently affects elderly patients,the optimal therapeutic strategy is still *** report the case of a 77-year-old Caucasian woman with HCV-related chronic hepatitis and cutaneous manifestations consisting of urticaria and pruritus related to MC resistant to *** patient underwent a treatment with interferon and *** a treatment led to early biochemical and virological response associated with the resolution of cryoglobulinemia and cutaneous *** the end of treatment,HCV replication relapsed,but cryoglobulinemia and cutaneous symptoms did not *** the absence of definite treatment guidelines in this particular context,our experience suggests that the presence of symptoms related to HCV-infection that deeply affect patient quality of life warrants antiviral therapy even beyond the age limits that currently exclude patients from treatment.

关键词： Cryoglobulinemia Elderly patients Hepatitis C virus chronic hepatitis Antiviral treatment

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饲料中不同蛋白质水平和不同氮源对意大利西门塔尔公牛瘤胃发酵和肥育性能的影响

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饲料博览 2017年第2期27卷 53-53页

作者： mauro Spanghero Federico Mason Cristina Zanfi Anna Nikulina

试验旨在评估不同饲料对肠道消化蛋白质的影响(PDI)及尿素(U)部分替代豆粕(SBM)对意大利西门塔尔公牛性能(试验1)和体外瘤胃发酵(试验2)的影响。试验1中,选取80头公牛(平均体重495±58 kg,14月龄),进行2×2因子设计,包括不同浓度的PDI(... 详细信息

试验旨在评估不同饲料对肠道消化蛋白质的影响(PDI)及尿素(U)部分替代豆粕(SBM)对意大利西门塔尔公牛性能(试验1)和体外瘤胃发酵(试验2)的影响。试验1中,选取80头公牛(平均体重495±58 kg,14月龄),进行2×2因子设计,包括不同浓度的PDI(干物质基础上,82 g·kg-1和72 g·kg-1),分为中水平组和低水平组;全豆粕组和0.5%U替代豆粕的替代组。试验为期120 d。18月龄时进行屠宰,平均体重为656±56 kg。各组的平均日增重(ADG)为1.32 kg·d-1,而与低水平PDI组的1.28 kg·d-1相比,中水平PDI组ADG,有增加的趋势(P<0.10)。各组间表观消化率和饲料利用率之间无显著差异,与低水平组每kg饲料0.137kg体增重相比,中水平组每kg饲料0.147 kg体增重有增高趋势(P<0.10)。各组间屠宰性能无显著变化。试验2中,连续培养的瘤胃发酵接种液接种到试验1中各组。饲喂发酵液后0、1、2和3 h后分别采样,0、1、2 h后中水平组氨浓度极显著增加(P<0.01),3 h后氨浓度显著增加(P<0.05)。替代组中,1 h和2 h后p H显著下降(P<0.05),可能与尿素的缓冲能力有关。替代组的体外干物质消化率有增加趋势(P<0.10),但PDI含量变化对干物质消化率无显著影响。挥发性脂肪酸浓度的差异受到丁酸的限制,与低水平组12.5mol·100 mol-1相比,中水平组丁酸水平在饲喂发酵液后为13.6 mol·100 mol-1,有增加趋势;2 h后为13.8 mol·100 mol-1,极显著增加(P<0.01)。与豆粕组相比,替代组丁酸水平在饲喂发酵液后为14.3 mol·100 mol-1(豆粕组11.9 mol·100 mol-1),2 h后为14.3 mol·100 mol-1(豆粕组12.1 mol·100 mol-1),极显著增加(P<0.01)。试验结果表明,意大利西门塔尔公牛体增重受到PDI水平的影响,低水平PDI可降低其体增重,但PDI水平和U替代含量对屠宰性能和肉品质均无显著影响。中水平PDI组和U替代组发酵液中丁酸含量的增加需要进一步研究。

关键词：西门塔尔公牛蛋白质水平肥育性能瘤胃发酵意大利饲料氮源替代豆粕

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Cholangiocarcinoma and malignant bile duct obstruction: A review of last decades advances in therapeutic endoscopy

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2015年第6期7卷 582-592页

作者： Helga Bertani Marzio Frazzoni Santi Mangiafico Angelo Caruso mauro Manno Vincenzo Giorgio Mirante Flavia Pigò Carmelo Barbera Raffaele Manta Rita Conigliaro Digestive Endoscopy Unit Baggiovara Hospital Digestive Pathophysiology Unit Baggiovara Hospital

In the last decades many advances have been achieved in endoscopy, in the diagnosis and therapy of cholangiocarcinoma, however blood test, magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography scan may fail to detect neoplastic disease at early stage, thus the diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma is achieved usually at unresectable stage. In the last decades the role of endoscopy has moved from a diagnostic role to an invaluable therapeutic tool for patients affected by malignant bile duct obstruction. One of the major issues for cholangiocarcinoma is bile ducts occlusion, leading to jaundice, cholangitis and hepatic failure. Currently, endoscopy has a key role in the work up of cholangiocarcinoma, both in patients amenable to surgical intervention as well as in those unfit for surgery or not amenable to immediate surgical curative resection owing to locally advanced or advanced disease, with palliative intention. Endoscopy allows successful biliary drainage and stenting in more than 90% of patients with malignant bile duct obstruction, and allows rapid reduction of jaundice decreasing the risk of biliary sepsis. When biliary drainage and stenting cannot be achieved with endoscopy alone, endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage represents an effective alternative method affording successful biliary drainage in more than 80% of cases. The purpose of this review is to focus on the currently available endoscopic management options in patients with cholangiocarcinoma.

关键词： Cholangiocarcinoma Malignant bile ductobstruction Interventional endoscopy Endoscopictherapy Self-expandable metal stent

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国际卫生组织与全球流行病学:拉马其尼学院的发展历程

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医疗社会史研究 2018年第1期3卷 37-54,227-228页

作者： [意]朱莉娅·弗雷扎马罗·卡波契胡雪莹(译) 罗马大学医学史中心与哲学系上海大学文学院历史学系

本文回顾了国际流行病学研究院拉马其尼学院建立和发展的过程。该学院于1982年由意大利人切萨雷·马托尼与美国人欧文·J.赛雷科夫共同建立。该学院是职业健康和流行病学领域长期非正式合作的结果,并且在创建以后,促进了环境与职业卫生... 详细信息

本文回顾了国际流行病学研究院拉马其尼学院建立和发展的过程。该学院于1982年由意大利人切萨雷·马托尼与美国人欧文·J.赛雷科夫共同建立。该学院是职业健康和流行病学领域长期非正式合作的结果,并且在创建以后,促进了环境与职业卫生领域的国际合作。在探讨因当代化学世界发展引出的各类问题时,学院朝着一个由跨学科、多领域科学家共同构成的科学家网络方向发展,同时与世界各地的管理者合作,共同提倡一个基于科学的健康防护措施。本文主要关注各种影响和促进学院发展的因素,这些因素也促使学院成为一个受到国际广泛认证的机构,它建立起全球性网络,并且作为多个科学组织和政府机构之间的接口,为人们提供专家意见。学院的国际层面展示了科学的专家意见和权威是如何在不同的语境和背景(管制机构、法院、公众)中被人们理解的,从而导致不同的说法和行为的,尽管这些说法和行为并不总是彼此矛盾。

关键词：国际卫生组织全球流行病学拉马其尼学院

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Global wood anatomical perspective on the onset of the Late Antique Little Ice Age (LALIA) in the mid-6th century CE

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Science Bulletin 2022年第22期67卷 2336-2344页

作者： Ulf Büntgen Alan Crivellaro Dominique Arseneault Mike Baillie David Barclay mauro Bernabei Jarno Bontadi Gretel Boswijk David Brown Duncan A.Christie Olga V.Churakova Edward R.Cook Rosanne D’Arrigo Nicole Davi Jan Esper Patrick Fonti Ciara Greaves Rashit M.Hantemirov Malcolm K.Hughes Alexander V.Kirdyanov Paul J.Krusic Carlos Le Quesne Fredrik C.Ljungqvist Michael Mc.Cormick Vladimir S.Myglan Kurt Nicolussi Clive Oppenheimer Jonathan Palmer Chun Qin Frederick Reinig Matthew Salzer Markus Stoffel Max Torbenson Mirek Trnka Ricardo Villalba Nick Wiesenberg Greg Wiles Bao Yang Alma Piermattei Department of Geography University of CambridgeCambridge CB23ENUK Swiss Federal Research Institute(WSL) Birmensdorf 8903Switzerland Global Change Research Centre(CzechGlobe) Brno 60300Czech Republic Department of Geography Faculty of ScienceMasaryk UniversityBrno 61300Czech Republic Forest Biometrics Laboratory Faculty of Forestry“Stefan cel Mare”University of SuceavaSuceava 720229Romania Department of Biology Chemistry and GeographyUniversity of Quebec in RimouskiRimouski Qc.G5L 3A1Canada Archaeology&Palaeoecology School of Natural and Built EnvironmentQueen’s University BelfastBelfast BT71NNUK Department of Geology State University of New York at CortlandCortland NY 13045USA CNR-IBE Institute of BioEconomyNational Research CouncilTrento 38121Italy School of Environment The University of AucklandAuckland 1010New Zealand Laboratorio de Dendrocronología y Cambio Global Universidad Austral de ChileValdivia 509000Chile Center for Climate and Resilience Research(CR) Santiago 8370449Chile Cape Horn International Center(CHIC) Punta Arenas 6200000Chile Institute of Ecology and Geography Siberian Federal UniversityKrasnoyarsk 660041Russia Tree-Ring Laboratory Lamont-Doherty Earth ObservatoryColumbia UniversityPalisades NY 10964USA Department of Environmental Science William Paterson UniversityWayne NJ 07470USA Department of Geography Johannes Gutenberg UniversityMainz 55099Germany Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology Ural BranchRussian Academy of SciencesYekaterinburg 620144Russia Ural Institute of Humanities Ural Federal UniversityYekaterinburg 620002Russia Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research University of ArizonaTucson AZ 85721USA Sukachev Institute of Forest SB RAS Krasnoyarsk 660036Russia Department of Physical Geography Bolin Centre for Climate ResearchStockholm UniversityStockholm 10691Sweden Department of History Stockholm UniversityStockholm 10691Sweden Bolin Centre for Climate Research Stockholm UniversityStockholm 10691Sweden Swedish Collegium for Advanced Study

Linked to major volcanic eruptions around 536 and 540 CE, the onset of the Late Antique Little Ice Age has been described as the coldest period of the past two millennia. The exact timing and spatial extent of this exceptional cold phase are, however, still under debate because of the limited resolution and geographical distribution of the available proxy archives. Here, we use 106 wood anatomical thin sections from 23forest sites and 20 tree species in both hemispheres to search for cell-level fingerprints of ephemeral summer cooling between 530 and 550 CE. After cross-dating and double-staining, we identified 89Blue Rings(lack of cell wall lignification), nine Frost Rings(cell deformation and collapse), and 93Light Rings(reduced cell wall thickening) in the Northern Hemisphere. Our network reveals evidence for the strongest temperature depression between mid-July and early-August 536 CE across North America and Eurasia, whereas more localised cold spells occurred in the summers of 532, 540–43, and548 CE. The lack of anatomical signatures in the austral trees suggests limited incursion of stratospheric volcanic aerosol into the Southern Hemisphere extra-tropics, that any forcing was mitigated by atmosphere-ocean dynamical responses and/or concentrated outside the growing season, or a combination of factors. Our findings demonstrate the advantage of wood anatomical investigations over traditional dendrochronological measurements, provide a benchmark for Earth system models, support cross-disciplinary studies into the entanglements of climate and history, and question the relevance of global climate averages.

关键词： Blue Rings Climate extremes Dendrochronology Late Antiquity Tree rings Volcanic eruptions

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维护过程变革对伊泰普电站运行性能的提升与运行效率的贡献

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国外大电机 2022年第1期 24-29页

作者： [巴西]Marco A.S.mauro 王昆(译) 吴新振(校) 不详

1引言在大型水电站的排名中(如图1所示),以径流式大坝为主的伊泰普水电站目前是装机容量第二大的电站,仅次于中国的三峡水电站。尽管伊泰普电站装机容量比三峡电站小38%,但由于伊泰普电站采取运维一体化管理模式,在2016年率先突破了10万... 详细信息

1引言在大型水电站的排名中(如图1所示),以径流式大坝为主的伊泰普水电站目前是装机容量第二大的电站,仅次于中国的三峡水电站。尽管伊泰普电站装机容量比三峡电站小38%,但由于伊泰普电站采取运维一体化管理模式,在2016年率先突破了10万GWh的年发电量大关,达到了103098GWh。

关键词：伊泰普水电站大型水电站径流式三峡水电站年发电量运维一体化三峡电站装机容量

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一氧化氮合成酶、环氧化酶-2、硝基酪氨酸及血管生成与软骨肉瘤预后的相关性研究

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中华骨科杂志 2010年第12期30卷 I0041-I0049页

作者： Suely Akiko Nakagawa Ademar Lopes Andre Lopes de Carvalho Benedito mauro Rossi Isabela Werneck da Cunha Fernando Augusto Soares Wu Tu Chung Luciola Assuncao 刘沛宜(译) 张伟滨(译) Investigation performed at Departamentos de Cirurgia Petvica-Ortopedia e Anatomia Patologica Hospital A.C. Camargo Sao Paulo Brazil 上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院骨科 200025

背景：免疫组织化学标记物有助于肿瘤诊断及预后评估。通过对硝基酪氨酸分析及采用一氧化氮合成酶1（NOS1）、一氧化氮合成酶2（NOS2）、一氧化氮合成酶3（NOS3）检测分析可了解一氧化氮（NO）与肿瘤的相关性。NO与超氧阴离子反应产生... 详细信息

背景：免疫组织化学标记物有助于肿瘤诊断及预后评估。通过对硝基酪氨酸分析及采用一氧化氮合成酶1（NOS1）、一氧化氮合成酶2（NOS2）、一氧化氮合成酶3（NOS3）检测分析可了解一氧化氮（NO）与肿瘤的相关性。NO与超氧阴离子反应产生的过氧亚硝酸对基因有毒性作用，过氧亚硝酸传递一个硝基基团到酪氨酸的苯环上形成硝基酪氨酸。细胞内硝基酪氨酸的积累说明过氧亚硝酸持续生成。NO刺激所生成的环氧化酶-2（COX-2）与肿瘤内新生血管水平相关，研究表明新生血管影响肿瘤预后，免疫组化标记CD34可表示微血管生成，从而被用于预测肿瘤预后。本研究检测上述标记物在软骨肉瘤中的表达并分析与软骨肉瘤分级和预后的相关性。方法：101例软骨肉瘤患者肿瘤组织样本采用甲醛固定，组织样本采用免疫组织化学染色，指标为：NOS1、NOS2、NOS3、COX-2、硝基酪氨酸和CD34。5例正常软骨样本作为对照。研究分析患者特征、手术变量、肿瘤分级与这些指标的相关性。使用Kaplan—Meier多变量统计学方法分析生存曲线及生存率。结果：硝基酪氨酸、COX-2和CD34与组织学分级有明显相关性（p=0．022，p=0．014，p=0．028），但与总体预后无相关性（p=0．064，p=0．143，p=0．581）。NOS2阳性表达常预示较高的局部复发率（p=0．038）。NOS1、NOS2阳性表达预示较低的生存率（p=0．007，p〈0．001）。通过多变量分析处理，NOS2的表达被证实可作为局部复发率的独立预后判断因素；NOS1、NOS2的表达作为因变量，它们单独或复合阳性表达常与较低的总生存率有关（p=0．046，p=0．004）[危险率，3．17（95％置信区间，1．0-9．8）和5．58（95％置信区间，1．7-18．0）]。

关键词：一氧化氮合成酶硝基酪氨酸环氧化酶-2 软骨肉瘤微血管生成预后评估相关性免疫组织化学染色

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