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Effective Approaches to Wheat Improvement in Kazakhstan： Breeding and Conservation Agriculture

Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B) 2014年第10期4卷 761-765页

作者： Muratbek Karabayev Alexei Morgounov Hans-Joachim Braun Patrick Wall Kenneth Sayre Yuriy Zelenskiy Rauan Zhapayev Aigul Akhmetova Valentin Dvurechenskii Kulyash Iskandarova Theodor Friedrich Turi Fileccia maurizio guadagni International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) Mexico D. F. 06600 Mexico KazAgrolnnovation JSC Astana 010000 Kazakhstan National Center for Biotechnology Astana 010000 Kazakhstan The UN Organization for Food and Agriculture (FAO) Rome 00153 Italy World Bank Agriculture and Rural Development Department (ARD) Washington D.C. 20433 USA

International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) and Kazakhstan collaborative activities on wheat improvement are focused in the following main areas: (1) wheat germplasm enhancement: Kazakhstan-Siberian Network on Wheat Improvement (KASIB) and Shuttle Breeding "Mexico-KASIB" Programs; (2) Conservation agriculture (CA) for wheat production and crop diversification. Nineteen breeding programs of Kazakhstan and Russia are united by KASIB Network and Shuttle Breeding. By 2014, more than 15,000 wheat lines and varieties were involved in breeding programs of Kazakhstan and Russia; 10 varieties were developed and released. The KASIB Network and Shuttle Breeding Program were recognized as one of the best example of the effective regional and international cooperation in Kazakhstan and Russia. In the beginning of 2000 CIMMYT, National Agricultural Research System, the Ministry of Agriculture, FAO, World Bank in cooperation with farmers initiated large-scale activities based on CA in Kazakhstan. Due the joint efforts, area under CA-based practices has been increasing from virtually none to an estimated area of 500,000 ha in 2007, 1,200,000 ha in 2008, 2,000,000 ha in 2014 with continued rapid increases in area. Kazakhstan is now included among the top ten countries with the largest areas under no-tillage in the world.

关键词：哈萨克斯坦保护性农业小麦改良穿梭育种 CIMMYT 国际合作育种计划世界银行

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