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Modulation of gastric accommodation by duodenal nutrients

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第31期11卷 4848-4851页

作者： mauricio carrasco Fernando Azpiroz Juan-R. Malagelada Digestive System Research Unit

AIM： To determine the relative potency and contribution of intestinal nutrients to net gastric accommodative relaxation and conscious perception. METHODS： In 12 healthy subjects, we randomly tested duodenal loads of lipids and carbohydrates （12 mL administered in 4 rain） at various caloric concentrations （0.0125-0.8 kcal/mL） separated by 12-24 rain wash-out periods of saline infusion. Maximal gastric relaxation was induced at the end of each experiment by i.v glucagon （5 μg/kg）, as reference. The reflex gastric response was measured by a barostat, and symptom perception by a 0-6 score questionnaire. RESULTS： Upids induced a dose-response gastric relaxation with a steep and early rise. Maximal effect （179±42 mL relaxation） reached at a relatively low concentration （0.2 kcal/mL）, maximal lipid-induced relaxation was 61±6% of the glucagon effect. By contrast, duodenal infusion of carbohydrates induced weaker relaxation that became significant only at the high end of the physiological concentration range （65±14 ml with 0.8 kcal/mL）. Intestinal nutrient loads, either of lipid or carbohydrates, did not induce significant changes in perception （0.6±0.4 and 0.1±0.4 score increase for the highest concentrations, respectively）. CONCLUSION： Chyme entering the small bowel induces nutrient-spedfic gastric relaxatory reflexes by a physiologically saturable mechanism. Normally, neither the intestinal nutrient load nor the gastric accommodative response is perceived.

关键词： Gastric accommodation Enterogastric reflex Postprandial symptoms Intestinal nutrients Gastric relaxation Gastric barostat Gut perception

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Apple Extracts Present Catabolic and Hipocolesterolemic Effect in Mice

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2015年第1期6卷 141-150页

作者： mauricio Poblete Amalia Neira Ricardo Huilcamán Iván Palomo Jose Antonio Yuri Rodrigo Moore-carrasco Haematology and Immunology Laboratory Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohaematology Faculty of Health Sciences Universidad de Talca Talca Chile Pome Fruit Centre Faculty of Agricultural Sciences Universidad de Talca Talca Chile Centre for Studies in Processed Food (CEAP) Regional CONICYT Gore Maule Talca Chile

Dyslipidemia is highly prevalent in the Chilean population: about 40% have total cholesterol levels over 200 mg/dl and 25% are obese (BMI > 30) which produces an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and deaths. Over consumption of foods rich in lipids and carbohydrates unchains these events, due to the high amount of lipid accumulation in adipocytes. These cells are capable of producing a large number of mediators of inflammation and adipokines which in large quantities can compromise the overall metabolism. Apple has been shown to stop these events. We used CF-1 mice that were fed on a high-fat diet which leads to a metabolic status similar to dyslipidemia. Different types of apple waste were direct from orchard and fruit industry. Extracts obtained were characterized and administered in drinking water. At the end of the 40-day experimental period, biochemical parameters in animals were measured and the weight of white adipose tissue (WAT) was quantified. The results were compared with the normal diet and fat diet controls. All apple extracts decrease total and LDL cholesterol to levels similar to normal control and decrease WAT. Apple extracts may be an effective protector against development of risk factors in cardiovascular disease in the Chilean population.

关键词： Cholesterol Apple Antioxidants and Metabolic Syndrome

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