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现代隧道技术 2007年第Z1期44卷 39-41页

作者： maurice Jones

　　除了抽水和堵漏外,还有更多的地下水控制措施.即使是需要采取这些措施,但地下水破坏情况的调查过程可能漫长且要花费人力、物力.最佳的办法是及早考虑潜在的问题,因此有必要正确进行现场调查.……

关键词：地下水现场调查破坏情况控制措施调查过程堵漏抽水

Application of Community Climate Change Adaptation Assessment Tools for Climate Adaptation Planning in Yala Wetlands Complex, Lake Victoria Basin, Kenya

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Open Journal of Ecology 2023年第5期13卷 271-290页

作者： maurice Ogoma Leonard Akwany Roniance Adhiambo Department of Natural Resources Egerton University Nakuru Kenya Dunga Wetland Pedagogical Center Ecofinder Kenya Kisumu Kenya

Yala Wetland is a complex of Nzoia and Yala rivers that drain their waters into Lake Victoria, but face various pressure which is thought to originate from the impacts of climate change. The riparian communities are generally poor and use the wetland resources for small-holder livelihood activities. This paper describes how community climate change adaptation assessment (C3A2) tools were applied to identify resilient community-level adaptation options and would inform local climate adaptation planning. Eight participatory C3A2 tools were applied for data collection in which two (adaptation attributes and story-telling) were administered at the meso or local government (County) level while all the eight tools (community protocol, risk mapping, techno-transect, resilience ranking, community calendars, story-telling, adaptation attributes and give back) were administered at the micro or community level. Qualitative research method was adopted and 80 respondents (20 at meso and 60 at micro) were purposively selected for the study. Data were collected through interviews, focus group discussions (FGD), and plenary discussions. Data were analyzed at four levels: pre-analysis in situ, daily team triangulation, team conclusions, and cross-community reporting. The study found that communities experienced climate risks that tended to shift along with prolonged and irregular hydro-meteorological events, which affected their capacities for adaptation especially the resource-constrained individuals and vulnerable households. Drought (45%) and flood hazards (39%) were the most felt strongly. Drought was manifested mainly by prolonged dry-spell, increased atmospheric temperatures, and strong winds while floods were characterized by unpredictable and short but high-intensity rainfall with associated loss of lives and property damage. Women, children, and poor households were the most exposed to climatic hazards. Farm/agro-forestry was the most perceived adaptation strategy for droug

关键词： Climate Change Adaptation Climate-Smart Yala Wetlands Lake Victoria Livelihoods

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中国绩效审计发展问题研究

财贸经济 2004年第4期25卷 54-57页

作者：杨肃昌肖泽忠 maurice Pendlebury 兰州商学院英国加的夫大学商学院

本文以审计体制为中心展开对中国绩效审计发展问题的研究。当前中国绩效审计的发展较迟缓,其主要原因在于现行审计体制的束缚。国外绩效审计的产生与发展经验表明,绩效审计只有借助于立法机关的权力与推动才能更好地发展起来。中国具有... 详细信息

本文以审计体制为中心展开对中国绩效审计发展问题的研究。当前中国绩效审计的发展较迟缓,其主要原因在于现行审计体制的束缚。国外绩效审计的产生与发展经验表明,绩效审计只有借助于立法机关的权力与推动才能更好地发展起来。中国具有发展绩效审计的客观必要性和有利的政治条件,但只有通过进一步改革和完善政治体制、绩效预算制度和审计体制,绩效审计才能真正全面发展起来。

关键词：国家审计绩效审计审计体制公共资金绩效预算

Cross-flow analysis of injection wells in a multilayered reservoir

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Petroleum 2016年第3期2卷 273-281页

作者： Mohammadreza Jalali Jean-Michel Embry Francesco Sanfilippo Frederic J.Santarelli maurice B.Dusseault Geological Institute ETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland Baker Hughes AberdeenUnited Kingdom Geomec Environmental Management AS StavangerNorway Earth&Environmental Sciences Department University of WaterlooWaterlooONCanada

During fluid injection into a multilayered reservoir,a different pressure gradient is generated across the face of each permeable *** pressure gradient generates driving forces in the wellbore during well shut-in that causes the injected fluid moves from higher pressure layers to lower pressure layers,a phenomenon known as interwell ***-flow behavior depends on the initial pressure in the permeable layers and may be referred to as natural cross-flow(identical or natural initial pressures)and forced cross-flow(different initial pressures because of exploitation).Cross-flow may induce sand production and liquefaction in the higher pressure layers as well as formation damage,filter cake build-up and permeability reduction in the lower pressure ***,understanding cross-flow during well shut-in is important from a production and reservoir engineering perspective,particularly in unconsolidated or poorly consolidated sandstone *** and forced cross-flow is modeled for some injection wells in an oil reservoir located at North *** solution uses a transient implicit finite difference approach for multiple sand layers with different permeabilities separated by impermeable shale *** and forced cross-flow rates for each reservoir layer during shut-in are calculated and compared with different production logging tool(PLT)*** appears that forced cross-flow is usually more prolonged and subject to a higher flow rate when compared with natural cross-flow,and is thus worthy of more detailed analysis.

关键词： Cross-flow Multilayered Sandstone reservoir Sand production Skin factor

Wafer-level vapor cells filled with laser-actuated hermetic seals for integrated atomic devices

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2022年第6期8卷 225-235页

作者： Vincent maurice Clément Carlé Shervin Keshavarzi Ravinder Chutani Samuel Queste Ludovic Gauthier-Manuel Jean-Marc Cote Rémy Vicarini Moustafa Abdel Hafiz Rodolphe Boudot Nicolas Passilly IEMN-Institut d’Electronique de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie UMR8520 CNRSUniversitéLilleCentrale LilleF-59000 LilleFrance FEMTO-ST Institute UMR6174 CNRSUniversitéBourgogne Franche-ComtéF-25030 BesançonFrance

Atomic devices such as atomic clocks and optically-pumped magnetometers rely on the interrogation of atoms contained in a cell whose inner content has to meet high standards of purity and ***-blowing techniques and craftsmanship have evolved over many decades to achieve such standards in macroscopic vapor *** the emergence of chip-scale atomic devices,the need for miniaturization and mass fabrication has led to the adoption of microfabrication techniques to make millimeter-scale vapor ***,many shortcomings remain and no process has been able to match the quality and versatility of glass-blown ***,we introduce a novel approach to structure,fill and seal microfabricated vapor cells inspired from the century-old approach of glass-blowing,through opening and closing single-use zero-leak microfabricated *** valves are actuated exclusively by laser,and operate in the same way as the“make-seals”and“break-seals”found in the filling apparatus of traditional *** structures are employed to fill cesium vapor cells at the *** make-seal structure consists of a glass membrane that can be locally heated and deflected to seal a *** break-seal is obtained by breaching a silicon wall between *** new approach allows adapting processes previously restricted to glass-blown *** can also be extended to vacuum microelectronics and vacuum-packaging of micro-electro-mechanical systems(MEMS)devices.

关键词： filled vacuum heated

Thyroid Disrupting Activities in Wastewater and Surface Waters: A Review of Their <i>In Vitro</i>Analyses

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2019年第9期10卷 1131-1143页

作者： maurice Eghosa Imiuwa Abraham Ogheneruemu Ekperusi Department of Animal and Environmental Biology Faculty of Life Sciences University of Benin Benin City Nigeria Department of Marine Environment and Pollution Control Faculty of Marine Environmental Management Nigeria Maritime University Okerenkoko Delta State Nigeria

The developmental and reproductive effects of endocrine disruption on humans and wildlife rank among the most threatening of all environmental health concerns. Particularly vulnerable to chemical assaults are the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis and the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis of the endocrine system. While the effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on the HPG axis have been the subject of intense research efforts, with comprehensive elucidation, a lot remains to be clarified on the effects of EDCs on thyroid functions. For instance, there are no clear-cut biomarkers of exposure and effects of thyroid disrupting chemicals (TDCs) in intact organisms. Consequently, a number of in vitro assays have been developed, and are particularly useful for the identification and mechanistic characterization of potential TDCs considering the increasing number of EDCs that are being released into the environment. However, with the in vitro assays, studies suggest that a plausible major mode of action of TDCs, thyroid hormone receptor (THR) agonist activity, is not environmentally relevant. Here, we reviewed in vitro detection of TDCs activities in wastewater and surface waters. Data strongly suggest that cell lines may be responsible for the less frequent detection of THR agonist activity in wastewater and surface water. It was concluded that the development of reporter gene assays with thyroid hormone function related cell lines, is required.

关键词： Thyroid Disruption Thyroid Activities in Wastewater and Surface Water Thyroid Receptor Agonist Activity In Vitro Analysis Reporter Gene Assays

龙海市土地利用/覆被变化及其生态系统服务动态

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龙海市土地利用/覆被变化及其生态系统服务动态

作者： Hirwa maurice 厦门大学

学位级别：硕士

地球上的土地利用导覆被类型变化（LUCC）受各种各样的因素影响.有时候土地利用变化会对自然和社会带来严重影响,因此在一定时间尺度内追踪监测土地覆被类型与土地利用变化,对土地利用模式与变化的内在驱动力以及外部影响过程进行深人... 详细信息

地球上的土地利用导覆被类型变化（LUCC）受各种各样的因素影响.有时候土地利用变化会对自然和社会带来严重影响,因此在一定时间尺度内追踪监测土地覆被类型与土地利用变化,对土地利用模式与变化的内在驱动力以及外部影响过程进行深人探究十分有必要. 为此,本研究选取位于福建省漳州市下属的龙海市作为研究对象,对1986年至2010年间龙海市土地利用与覆被类型变化及其对生态系统服务的影响进行研究.利用Arcgis地理信息软件和Erdas与Envi等遥感影像处理软件对Landsat卫星图片进行解译分析,观察研究区域在研究时段内的土地利用变化特征.本研究使用“后退式”解译方法分别对2010、2002、1996和1986年的Landsat遥感卫星影像进行解译以提高解译精度和效率.通过所得到的各年份土地利用变化图利用InVEST工具和经济分析模型对土地利用变化对生态系统服务带来的影响进行评估分析. 土地利用解译结果表明在研究期间内龙海市土地利用与覆被类型北化有很大的变化.本研究认为人口与经济的增长是此变化的主要内在驱动力.林地、农田和建设用地这三类土地利用类型是研究区域内最主要的土地利用类型.在1986年到2010年期间,林地面积从1449.5km2减少到1072.5km2. 土地利用导覆被类型变化引起生态系统服务价值的变化.研究表明海域生态系统服务最有价值并且在研究期间内有2%的损失.在研究区域中7个区段里面,紫泥岛区段生态系统服务价值最高,评估约为14100万元,而市中心区段最低,约为1060万元。

关键词： LUCC 生态系统服务 InVEST

外源NO对镉胁迫下紫花苜蓿种子萌发及生长的影响

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外源NO对镉胁迫下紫花苜蓿种子萌发及生长的影响

作者： maurice NGABIRE 兰州交通大学

学位级别：硕士

镉(Cd)对于动物和植物组织来说是一种有毒的和非必需的重金属。对植物在应对重金属伤害及植物对重金属的抗性机理的探索与研究是非常重要的课题,只有彻底了解植物在应对重金属胁迫伤害及其对重金属的抗性机理,才可能提出可以让植物避免... 详细信息

镉(Cd)对于动物和植物组织来说是一种有毒的和非必需的重金属。对植物在应对重金属伤害及植物对重金属的抗性机理的探索与研究是非常重要的课题,只有彻底了解植物在应对重金属胁迫伤害及其对重金属的抗性机理,才可能提出可以让植物避免遭受重金属伤害的有效的措施和提高植物抗重金属能力的重要方法,这样才有益于治理土壤中的重金属污染,保护地球生态环境和生产绿色健康的食品。外源一氧化氮(NO)是一种信号分子,对调节非生物和生物胁迫下各种生理反应具有重要作用。导致这些生理反应的重金属胁迫的信号在植物体内如何传递,NO在其中起什么作用,怎样调动防御系统并最终影响植物生长发育、生理代谢和基因表达等过程的,如何通过人为调控植物对重金属的耐受机制整体过程中的一些过程,来提高植物对重金属的耐性,增加或减少对重金属的吸收,并应用于重金属污染区的植物修复和农业生产?目前未见研究报道。紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)作为多年生的一种草本植物以其豆科紫花苜蓿属独有的特点在牧草业被认为是牧草之最。广泛分布在世界温带地区,27℃的温度最适于幼苗生长。其广泛的根系使其具有耐旱性,可以增强降解细菌的活性,促进多氯联苯(PCBs),多环芳烃(PAH)和三硝基甲苯(TNT)等几种有机污染物的生物降解率,尤其是在含有较低含量有机质的土壤中。紫花苜蓿含有丰富的维生素A、C、E、K及矿物质和微量元素,生长快速,根系发达、寿命长以及抗性好等特性,是有毒金属植物修复的有前景的植物。已有研究表明,紫花苜蓿对重金属的抗性比较强并且具有很好的吸收富集能力,其中对Cd的吸收系数最大,已有研究证明紫花苜蓿对Cd污染土壤的修复能力最好,被认为是重金属污染植物修复的环保技术之一。为探讨硝普钠(SNP,外源NO供体)对Cd在紫花苜蓿幼苗萌发过程中的毒性影响及其在植物修复Cd污染土壤的应用,本研究测定了氧化应激水平、抗氧化酶活性、水解酶活性、贮藏物质含量、鲜重、干重量和Cd的吸收等参数,分析了外源NO对Cd胁迫下紫花苜蓿种子萌发及生长的影响。萌发和生长实验进行5天,每隔24小时记录并测定一次各个指标。为揭示外源NO可以显著缓解Cd胁迫下紫花苜蓿萌发期间Cd毒性提供了证据。用不同浓度的CdCl对种子和幼苗进行预处理,结果表明CdCl对紫花苜蓿种子的发芽和幼苗生长的毒性作用随着其浓度的增加而增加。30μM的CdCl对紫花苜蓿的幼苗生长有明显的抑制作用而不会对其发芽率造成明显的影响。高浓度的CdCl会导致发芽率严重下降,从而减少了每组实验中所产生幼苗的可用样本。因此本研究采用30μM CdCl模拟Cd胁迫。在30μM CdCl模拟的Cd胁迫下,以25、50、100、200、300、400和500μM SNP分别处理紫花苜蓿种子5天,每隔24小时记录并测定一次以下指标:发芽率、发芽指数、壮苗指数、根长和芽长作为萌发参数;脯氨酸(Pro)水平,相对电导率(REC),脂质过氧化(MDA)和活性氧(ROS)如H2O2和O2-产生速率作为Cd作用下的氧化应激反应参数;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)等抗氧化酶活性作为抗氧化机制的参数;α-淀粉酶和β-淀粉酶活性作为水解酶的参数;可溶性蛋白、可溶性淀粉、可溶性糖和还原性糖作为储存物质的参数。1、外源NO能够缓解Cd胁迫对紫花苜蓿种子萌发和幼苗生长的抑制作用。30μM Cd胁迫加速了储存物质的分解,显著降低了种子发芽指数和幼苗活力指数,抑制了幼苗生长,外源施用的不同浓度的SNP表现出显著的缓解重金属胁迫的作用,具有缓解胁迫和促进植物生长的能力。在最佳浓度下,缓解作用呈显著的线性增加,而超过最佳浓度时则使植物生长受抑制。这种反应更可能是通过有效的外源NO激活植物防御或耐受机制的结果。这证实了以前关于砷胁迫下的种子发芽过程中的NO的保护作用的研究。对Cd胁迫条件下水稻种子萌发及其幼苗生长的研究已经阐明了外源NO对Cd毒性的重要性,SNP能够显著提高发芽率,发芽指数和幼苗活力指数,在芝麻苗中也已经报道了类似的结果。在本研究中,外源性NO成功缓解Cd损伤,可能也以与其他生物或非生物胁迫类似的方式运行。然而,在SNP的最佳浓度之上,植物或幼苗表现出相同的防御机制,这类似于多年生黑麦草对Cd胁迫的防御机制。200μM SNP能有效缓解30μM的Cd对紫花苜蓿种子萌发和有生长的抑制作用。2、外源NO通过激活抗氧化系统,清除活性氧,缓解Cd胁迫下紫花苜蓿的氧化损伤。Cd能够诱导幼苗中产生ROS,如O2-和H2O2,它们导致膜脂过氧化,电解质渗漏和氧化应激。本研究中,通过测定REC和MDA,H2O2和O2-来研究膜渗漏,以阐明由于氧化应激引起的植物损伤。实验结果表明,随时间延长,Cd诱导这

关键词：一氧化氮紫花苜蓿镉胁迫种子萌发活性氧代谢

Changes in Some Nutritional and Mineral Components of Nerica Rice Varieties as Affected by Field Application with Mycorrhiza and Chemical Fertilizer in Northern Cameroon

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2017年第8期8卷 823-839页

作者： maurice Gandebe Albert Ngakou Robert Ndjouenkeu Institute of Research for Agricultural Development (IRAD) Ngaoundere Cameroon Faculty of Science University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon National High School of Agro-Industrial Sciences University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon

Rice as staple food is the most important and valuable cereal crop in Cameroon, particularly in rural areas where poor population cannot afford to cook and eat at their convenience. With the outbreak of Nerica varieties, it is important to evaluate and compare their nutritional and mineral properties to those of the local ones prior to their vulgarisation. Therefore, some nutritional and mineral properties of 4 Nerica and a local seeds varieties used in this study were harvested from control (T0), chemical fertilizer (TE), mycorrhiza (TM) applied plants, or their mixture (TEM). These seeds originating from Wakwa and/or Yagoua experimental sites were assessed and compared in a split-plot design (4 × 5) × 3 between treatments (4) and varieties (5). The local DIR-95 variety had values close to those of Nerica varieties in all the parameters assessed. Protein contents ranged from 17.66% - 24.35%, and was higher than those reported in rice samples elsewhere. All the studied varieties were classified as high amylose rice, and therefore, their textures in cooked form should be less sticky and harder, which is convenient to the diet behavior of many consumers. The relative low Fe content in Nerica rice suggest that these varieties may be resistant to Fe accumulation in seeds. The P, N, Mg contents were found to be more elevated in seeds harvested from mycorrhiza or chemical fertilizer applied plants, with Nerica seeds variety FKR62-N as the best of all in nutrients mineral and nutritional compositions. These results confirm varietal and site influences on proximate and mineral contents in the studied rice varieties.

关键词： Nerica Rice Mycorrhiza Nutritional Properties Mineral Contents Chemical Fertilizer

Sociodemographic correlates and associated factors of depression and anxiety among internally displaced adults in Ogoja, Nigeria

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General Psychiatry 2022年第2期35卷 137-147页

作者： Ugbe maurice-Joel Ugbe Ekpereonne Babatunde Esu Joseph Ajah Efut Marvin Muji Bisongedam Theresa Mark Awa Ofem Irom Ekpo Public Health University of CalabarCalabarCross River Nigeria

Background Displaced persons in Nigeria experience various difficultiesat different stages of their displacement,including mental and physical proble *** experiences have been associated with different types of mental *** This study sought to identify sociodem ographic correlates and other factors associated with depression and anxiety among internally displaced adults in Ogoja,Cross River State,*** A cross-sectional study was conducted using non-probabilityand probability sampling *** displaced adults(n=335)were identified in Ogoja locations with a high prevalence of internally displaced persons(IDPs).Their mental health symptoms were assessed using the Common Mental Disorder *** asemistructured questionnaire was employed to collect data on sociodemographic and displacement-related *** were analysed using descriptive statistics.x^(2)analysis and multivariable logistic *** The prevalence of subtypes was 66.0%for anxiety disorder and 73.4%for *** found to be significant in each bivariate x^(2)analysis were modelled for each *** multivariate analysis revealed that prolonged displacement(adjusted odds ratio(AOR)=3.64;p=0.048),reduced family size(AOR=0.28;p<0.001)and fears of reprisal attacks(AOR=4.19;p=0.004)were significantly associated with anxiety *** gender(AOR=2.09;p=0.015).prolonged displacement(AOR=3.55;p-0.020).reducedfamily size(AOR=0.55;p=0.049),financial strain(AOR=5.43 p=0.023)and loss of loved ones(AOR=1.92;p=0.040)were significantly associated with *** The implications of the findings underline the complex aetiology of these two mental problems and the need to cater to the well-being of those at risk who have been exposed to trauma-related *** and affordable mental health services should be provided for these persons while also considering a social welfare scheme that covers their health ***

关键词： displacement sectional conducting