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Cloud-Base Distribution and Cirrus Properties Based on Micropulse Lidar Measurements at a Site in Southeastern China

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2015年第7期32卷 991-1004页

作者： Jianjun LIU Zhanqing LI ZHENG Youfei maureen cribb State Laboratory of Earth Surface Process and Resource Ecology and College of Global Change and Earth System Science Beijing Normal University Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center University of Maryland Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology

The cloud fraction （CF） and cloud-base heights （CBHs）, and cirrus properties, over a site in southeastern China from June 2008 to May 2009, are examined by a ground-based lidar. Results show that clouds occupied the sky 41% of the time. Significant seasonal variations in CF were found with a maximum/minimum during winter/summer and similar magnitudes of CF in spring and autumn. A distinct diurnal cycle in the overall mean CF was seen. Total, daytime, and nighttime annual mean CBHs were 3.05 ± 2.73 km, 2.46 ± 2.08 kin, and 3.51 ± 3.07 km, respectively. The lowest/highest CBH occurred around noon/midnight. Cirrus clouds were present ～36.2% of the time at night with the percentage increased in summer and decreased in spring. Annual mean values for cirrus geometrical properties were 8.89 ± 1.65 km, 9.80 ± 1.70 kin, 10.73 ± 1.86 km and 1.83± 0.91 km for the base, mid-cloud, top height, and the thickness, respectively. Seasonal variations in cirrus geometrical properties show a maximum/minimum in summer/winter for all cirrus geometrical parameters. The mean cirrus lidar ratio for all cirrus cases in our study was ～ 25 ± 17 sr, with a smooth seasonal trend. The cirrus optical depth ranged from 0.001 to 2.475, with a mean of 0.34 ± 0.33. Sub-visual, thin, and dense cirrus were observed in ～12%, 43%, and 45% of the cases, respectively. More frequent, thicker cirrus clouds occurred in summer than in any other season. The properties of cirrus cloud over the site are compared with other lidar-based retrievals of midlatitude cirrus cloud properties.

关键词： cloud-base distribution cirrus propertfes lidar southeastern China

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Development of Cloud Detection Methods Using CFH, GTS1, and RS80 Radiosondes

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2012年第2期29卷 236-248页

作者：张金强陈洪滨卞建春宣越健段云俊 maureen cribb Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming National Reference Climatological Station Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science and Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center University of Maryland College Park Maryland USA

The accuracies of three instruments in measuring atmospheric column humidity were assessed during an upper troposphere and lower stratosphere observation campaign conducted from 7 to 13 August 2009 in Kunming, China. The three instruments are a cryogenic frost-point hygrometer （CFH）, a Vaisala RS80 radiosonde （RS80）, and a GTS1 radiosonde （GTS1）. The accuracy of relative humidity （RH） measurements made by the CFH, GTS1, and RS80 was similar between the surface and 500 hPa （～5.5 km above sea level）. However, above 500 hPa, the errors in RH measurements made by the RS80, relative to measurements made by the CFH, are much less than those detected with the GTS1. Three different retrieval methods for determining cloud boundaries from CFH, RS80, and GTS1 measurements were developed and take into account the differences in accuracy among the three instruments. The method for the CFH is based on RH thresholds at all levels, which demands high accuracy. Given that the accuracy of RH measurements decreases at higher altitudes, the cloud detection methods for RS80 and GTS1 are different for different altitude ranges. Below 5 km, the methods for the RS80 and the GTS1 are similar to that of the CFH; above 5 km, the methods for the RS80 and the GTS1 are both developed based on the second-order derivatives of temperature and RH with respect to height, but with different criteria applied. Comparisons of cloud-layer retrievals derived from the three measurements are also made.

关键词： CFH GTS1 RS80 cloud vertical structure detection

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Low-Level Temperature Inversions and Their Effect on Aerosol Condensation Nuclei Concentrations under Different Large-Scale Synoptic Circulations

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2015年第7期32卷 898-908页

作者： LI Jun CHEN Hongbin Zhanqing LI WANG Pucai maureen cribb FAN Xuehua Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology The Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center University of MarylandCollege Park College of Global Change and Earth System Science Beijing Normal University

Knowledge of the statistical characteristics of inversions and their effects on aerosols under different large-scale synoptic circulations is important for studying and modeling the diffusion of pollutants in the boundary layer. Based on results gen- erated using the self-organizing map （SOM） weather classification method, this study compares the statistical characteristics of surface-based inversions （SBIs） and elevated inversions （EIs）, and quantitatively evaluates the effect of SBIs on aerosol condensation nuclei （CN） concentrations and the relationship between temperature gradients and aerosols for six prevailing synoptic patterns over the the Southern Great Plains （SGP） site during 2001-10. Large-scale synoptic patterns strongly influ- ence the statistical characteristics of inversions and the accumulation of aerosols in the low-level atmosphere. The activity, frequency, intensity, and vertical distribution of inversions are significantly different among these synoptic patterns. The verti- cal distribution of inversions varies diurnally and is significantly different among the different synoptic patterns. Anticyclonic patterns affect the accumulation of aerosols near the ground more strongly than cyclonic patterns. Mean aerosol CN con- centrations increase during SBIs compared to no inversion cases by 16.1%, 22.6%, 24.5%, 58.7%, 29.8% and 23.7% for the six synoptic patterns. This study confirms that there is a positive correlation between temperature gradients and aerosol CN concentrations near the ground at night under similar large-scale synoptic patterns. The relationship is different for different synoptic patterns and can be described by linear functions. These findings suggest that large-scale synoptic patterns change the static stability of the atmosphere and inversions in the lower atmosphere, thereby influencing the diffusion of aerosols near the ground.

关键词： temperature inversion aerosol condensation nuclei large-scale synoptic pattern statistical characteristics

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Aerosol Optical Properties and Radiative Impacts in the Pearl River Delta Region of China during the Dry Season

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2018年第2期35卷 195-208页

作者： Boru MAI Xuejiao DENG Zhanqing LI Jianjun LIU Xiang'ao XIA Huizheng CHE Xia LIU Fei LI Yu ZOU maureen cribb Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology China Meteorological Administration Guangzhou 510640 China State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology and College of Global Change and Earth System Science Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center and Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science University of Maryland College Park Maryland MD 20740 USA Laboratory for Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China School of Earth Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing 100081 China Guangzhou Meteorological Observatory Guangzhou 511430 China

Aerosol optical properties and direct radiative effects on surface irradiance were examined using seven years （2006-2012） of Cimel sunphotometer data collected at Panyu--the main atmospheric composition monitoring station in the Pearl River Delta （PRD） region of China. During the dry season （October to February）, mean values of the aerosol optical depth （AOD） at 550 nm, the Angstrom exponent, and the single scattering albedo at 440 nm （SSA） were 0.54, 1.33 and 0.87, respectively. About 90% of aerosols were dominated by fine-mode strongly absorbing particles. The size distribution was bimodal, with fine-mode particles dominating. The fine mode showed a peak at a radius of 0.12 μm in February and October （- 0.10 μm3 μm-2）. The mean diurnal shortwave direct radiative forcing at the surface, inside the atmosphere （FATM）, and at the top of the atmosphere, was -33.4± 7.0, 26.1 ± 5.6 and -7.3 ±2.7 W m-2, respectively. The corresponding mean values of aerosol direct shortwave radiative forcing per AOD were -60.0 ±7.8, 47.3 ± 8.3 and -12.8 ±3.1 W m-2, respectively. Moreover, during the study period, FATM showed a significant decreasing trend （p 〈 0.01） and SSA increased from 0.87 in 2006 to 0.91 in 2012, suggesting a decreasing trend of absorbing particles being released into the atmosphere. Optical properties and radiative impacts of the absorbing particles can be used to improve the accuracy of inversion algorithms for satellite-based aerosol retrievals in the PRD region and to better constrain the climate effect of aerosols in climate models.

关键词： aerosol properties radiative forcing Pearl River Delta region dry season

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The impact of the atmospheric turbulence-development tendency on new particle formation: a common finding on three continents

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National Science Review 2021年第3期8卷 140-150页

作者： Hao Wu Zhanqing Li Hanqing Li Kun Luo Yuying Wang Peng Yan Fei Hu Fang Zhang Yele Sun Dongjie Shang Chunsheng Liang Dongmei Zhang Jing Wei Tong Wu Xiaoai Jin Xinxin Fan maureen cribb Marc L.Fischer Markku Kulmala Tuukka Pet?j? State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science College of Global Change and Earth System ScienceBeijing Normal University ESSIC and Department of Atmospheric Science University of MarylandCollege Park State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization Zhejiang University School of Atmospheric Physics Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Meteorological Observation Center China Meteorological Administration State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Peking University State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Helsinki Aerosol and Haze Laboratory Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences School of Atmospheric Sciences Nanjing University

A new mechanism of new particle formation(NPF) is investigated using comprehensive measurements of aerosol physicochemical quantities and meteorological variables made in three continents,including Beijing,China;the Southern Great Plains site in the USA;and SMEAR Ⅱ Station in Hyytiala,Finland.D espite the considerably different emissions of chemical species among the sites,a common relationship was found between the characteristics of NPF and the stability *** stability parameter(ζ=Z/L,where Z is the height above ground and L is the Monin-Obukhov length) is found to play an important role;it drops significantly before NPF as the atmosphere becomes more unstable,which may serve as an indicator of nucleation *** the atmosphere becomes unstable,the NPF duration is closely related to the tendency for turbulence development,which influences the evolution of the condensation ***,the unstable atmosphere may dilute pre-existing particles,effectively reducing the condensation sink,especially at coarse mode to foster *** new mechanism is confirmed by model simulations using a molecular dynamic model that mimics the impact of turbulence development on nucleation by inducing and intensifying homogeneous nucleation events.

关键词： new particle formation turbulence development molecular dynamic

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Potential Influences of Neglecting Aerosol Effects on the NCEP GFS Precipitation Forecast

Potential Influences of Neglecting Aerosol Effects on the NC...

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第35届中国气象学会年会

作者： Mengjiao Jiang Jinqin Feng Zhanqing Li Ruiyu Sun Yu-Tai Hou Yuejian Zhu Bingcheng Wan Jianping Guo maureen cribb School of Atmospheric Sciences Chengdu University of Information Technology State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology College of Global Change and Earth System Science Beijing Normal University Longyan Meteorological Office of Fujian Province Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science and ESSIC University of Maryland College Park Environmental Modeling Center National Centers for Environmental Prediction National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences

Aerosol-cloud interactions(ACI) have been widely recognized as a factor affecting precipitation. However, they have not been considered in the operational National Centers for Environmental Predictions Global Forecast System model. We evaluated the potential impact of neglecting ACI on the operational rainfall forecast using ground-based and satellite observations, and model reanalysis. The Climate Prediction Center unified gauge-based precipitation analysis and the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications Version 2 aerosol reanalysis were used to evaluate the forecast in three countries for the year 2015. The overestimation of light rain(47.84%) and underestimation of heavier rain(31.83%, 52.94%, and 65.74% for moderate rain, heavy rain, and very heavy rain, respectively) from the model are qualitatively consistent with the potential errors arising from not accounting for ACI, although other factors cannot be totally ruled out. The standard deviation of the forecast bias was significantly correlated with aerosol optical depth in Australia, the U.S., and China. To gain further insight, we chose the province of Fujian in China to pursue a more insightful investigation using a suite of variables from gauge-based observations of precipitation, visibility, water vapor, convective available potential energy(CAPE), and satellite datasets. Similar forecast biases were found: overforecasted light rain and under-forecasted heavy rain. Long-term analyses revealed an increasing trend of heavy rain in summer, and a decreasing trend of light rain in other seasons, accompanied by a decreasing trend in visibility, no trend in water vapor, and a slight increasing trend in summertime CAPE. More aerosols decreased cloud effective radii for cases where the liquid water path was greater than 100 g m. All findings are consistent with the effects of ACI, i.e., where aerosols inhibit the development of shallow liquid clouds and invigorate warm-base mixed-phase cloud

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卫星产品评估数值模式云层垂直结构的研究

卫星产品评估数值模式云层垂直结构的研究

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第26届中国气象学会年会全球和区域气候模式及极端天气气候事件的模拟研究分会场

作者：王王王李占清 maureen cribb Hye-Lim Yoo 国家气象信息中心美国马里兰大学地球系统科学多学科交叉中心ESSIC

对云层垂直结构的准确参数化描述是数值天气预报模式得到准确的长短波辐射通量、辐射加热率廓线、云反射率、云辐射效应等参数的重要基础,但地基观测数据无法对模式预报的云垂直分层情况进行验证。本文基于卫星资料Collection5版本的MO... 详细信息

对云层垂直结构的准确参数化描述是数值天气预报模式得到准确的长短波辐射通量、辐射加热率廓线、云反射率、云辐射效应等参数的重要基础,但地基观测数据无法对模式预报的云垂直分层情况进行验证。本文基于卫星资料Collection5版本的MODIS云产品MOD06,利用国际领先的判别云垂直分层的最新算法,以所反演的高中低云发生频率和云顶气压结果,评估美国国家环境预报中心NCEP北美中尺度模式NAM的云层垂直结构。2006年7-10月北美地区(153°W-48°W,12°N-62°N)的结果表明,(1)卫星反演和模式预报的高中低云的云量区域分布比较相似,尤其是高云。热带太平洋地区模式预报高云量大于卫星反演值。模式预报的低云在墨西哥及北美大陆、大西洋地区上更多。(2)卫星反演和模式预报中云发生频率的差异最小,模式预报高云和低云发生频率峰值比卫星反演的峰值更大,且云顶出现的高度更高。(3)模式预报中云量和低云量的纬度平均值比卫星反演的高,尤其是低云量。NCEP北美中尺度模式NAM的云参数化有待于进一步改进。本文所使用的研究方法、所得结论,对于提高东亚或中国地区的天气、气候模式有一定借鉴作用。

关键词：云层垂直结构 MODIS云产品 NCEP数值天气预报模式评估

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