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Incidence and consequences of varicella in children treated for cancer in Guatemala

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World journal of Pediatrics 2016年第3期12卷 320-326页

作者： Amy E.Caruso Brown Edwin j.Asturias Mario Melgar Federico A.Antillon-Klussmann Pamela Mettler Myron j.levin Center for Bioethics and Humanities and Department of Pediatrics SUNY Upstate Medical University Center for Global Health and Department of Epidemiology Colorado School of Public HealthAuroraColoradoUSA National Unit of Pediatric Oncology Guatemala CityGuatemala Department of Biostatistics and Informatics Colorado Biostatistics ConsortiumColorado School of Public HealthAuroraColoradoUSA Section of Pediatric Infectious Diseases Department of PediatricsUniversity of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA

Background:Varicella-zoster virus infection is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in immune-compromised children,despite treatment with antiviral *** varicella vaccine programs have significantly decreased this risk in many highincome countries,but in most low-income and middleincome countries,the burden of varicella in children treated for malignancy is poorly defi ***:We retrospectively reviewed records of children at the National Unit of Pediatric Oncology(UNOP)in Guatemala diagnosed with varicella between january 2009 and March 2013 in order to calculate incidence of varicella and evaluate morbidity,mortality,treatment interruption,and ***:Fifty-nine cases of varicella were *** was 23.4 cases per 1000 person-years(p-y).66.1%of cases occurred in children with leukemia(median age 5.2 years;interquantile range 3.4-7 years)and 41.0%of these occurred during maintenance *** of exposure was identified for 14/59(23.7%)*** were hospitalized(71.2%)and given intravenous acyclovir(64.4%).Eight(13.6%)children required critical care,and two(3.4%)died from disseminated varicella with multiorgan *** was delayed or omitted due to varicella in 50%.No signifi cant differences in outcomes based on nutritional and immunologic status were *** minimum average cost of treatment per episode was 598.75 ***:Varicella is a significant problem in children treated for cancer in Guatemala,where effective post-exposure prophylaxis is *** the absence of universal varicella vaccination,strategies to improve recognition of exposure and the future use of novel inactivated vaccines currently under investigation in clinical trials could mitigate this burden.

关键词： cancer developing countries immunocompromised host oncology varicella

石峁遗址出土陶、石器功能反映的礼仪和生计活动

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中原文物 2022年第5期 31-51页

作者：刘莉 maureece levin 孙周勇邵晶西北大学文化遗产学院陕西西安710127 美国斯坦福大学考古中心陕西省考古研究院陕西西安710054

石峁城址是四千年前中国北方城市发展初期阶段的一个主要中心遗址。本文对石峁遗址的东门和韩家圪旦居住区出土的19件陶、石工具进行了微痕和残留物分析,以便了解遗址中不同区域的经济和政治活动的多样性。分析结果显示,两地点出土的石... 详细信息

石峁城址是四千年前中国北方城市发展初期阶段的一个主要中心遗址。本文对石峁遗址的东门和韩家圪旦居住区出土的19件陶、石工具进行了微痕和残留物分析,以便了解遗址中不同区域的经济和政治活动的多样性。分析结果显示,两地点出土的石器功能既有相同之处,也有明显区别,并在一定程度上代表两地点人群活动特点。东门的石刀和石杵具有厨房用具的特征,包括制作发酵酒一类的食物,可能与宴饮备餐有关。韩家圪旦的多种类型陶、石工具显示出比较复杂的使用功能:有些专用于收割谷物、加工韧皮纤维或加工粟黍,有些为厨刀,还有一些为多功能工具;其中有些工具也具有加工发酵食物的特征。制作发酵食物的原料主要包括红曲霉、大米、粟黍及小麦族植物,可能与酿造红曲酒等食物有关。这些结果丰富了我们对石峁东门的礼仪性功能及其城内居民生计模式的了解,有助于进一步探索城市发展初期城内不同区域的社会生产分工问题。

关键词：早期城市石器微痕残留物分析发酵酒红曲霉稻米

Multitarget stool DNA for colorectal cancer screening:A review and commentary on the United States Preventive Services Draft Guidelines

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World journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2016年第5期8卷 450-458页

作者： Barry M Berger Bernard levin Robert j Hilsden Medical Affairs Exact Sciences Corporation Scientific Advisory Board Exact Sciences Departments of Medicine and Community Health Sciences University of Calgary

Multitarget stool DNA(mt-sDNA) testing was approved for average risk colorectal cancer(CRC) screening by the United States Food and Drug Administration and thereafter reimbursed for use by the Medicare program(2014).The United States Preventive Services Task Force(USPSTF) October 2015 draft recommendation for CRC screening included mt-s DNA as an "alternative" screening test that "may be useful in select clinical circumstances",despite its very high sensitivity for early stage *** evidence supporting mt-s DNA for routine screening use is *** clinical efficacy of mt-s DNA as measured by sensitivity,specificity,life-years gained(LYG),and CRC deaths averted is similar to or exceeds that of the other more specifically recommended screening options included in the draft document,especially those requiring annual testing *** a population with primarily irregular screening participation,tests with the highest point sensitivity and reasonable specificity are more likely to favorably impact CRC related morbidity and mortality than those depending on annual *** paper reviews the evidence supporting mt-s DNA for routine screening and demonstrates,using USPSTF's modeling data,that mt-s DNA at three-year intervals provides significant clinical net benefits and fewer complications per LYG than annual fecal immunochemical testing,high sensitivity guaiac based fecal occult blood testing and 10-year colonoscopy screening.

关键词： Colorectal cancer screening Multitarget stool DNA Stool DNA The United States Preventive Services Task Force Cancer Intervention Surveillance Modeling Network Fecal immunological technique Modeling Interval

Prediction of the flooding area of the northeastern Caspian Sea from satellite images

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2023年第2期14卷 191-200页

作者： Anzhelika T.Kamza Irina A.Kuznetsova Eugene L.levin Satbayev University Almaty 050013Kazakhstan Limited partnership"International Educational Corporation" Almaty 050043Kazakhstan School of Applied Computational Sciences Meharry Medical CollegeTennessee 37208USA

Studying the dynamic changes in the coastline of the northeastern Caspian Sea is significant since the level of the Caspian is unstable,and the coastline change can cause enormous damage to the ecology,economy,and population of the coastal part of *** this work,we use remote sensing and Geographic Information System(GIS)technologies to study the changes in the coastline of the northeastern Caspian Sea and predict the extent of flooding with increasing water *** proposed methodology for creating dynamic maps can be used to monitor the coastline and forecast the extent of flooding in the *** a result of this work,the main factors affecting changes in the coastline were *** analyzing the water level data from 1988 to 2019,it was revealed that the rise in water level was observed from 1980 to *** maximum sea level rise was recorded at-26.04 *** that,the sea level began to fall,and between 1996 and 2009,there were no significant changes;the water level fluctuated with an average of-27.18 ***,a map of the water level dynamics in the Caspian Sea from 1988 to 2019 was *** to the dynamics map,water level rise and significant coastal retreat were revealed,especially in the northern part of the Caspian Sea and the northern and southern parts of Sora *** method for predicting the estimated flooding area was *** a result,based on a single map,the flooding area of the northeast coast was predicted.A comparative analysis of Landsat and SRTM data is presented.

关键词： Caspian Sea Seabed Earth remote sensing GIS Landsat Prediction of the flooding area Ecology of coastline SRTM

Soft-tissue management and reconstruction of lower-extremity trauma

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Plastic and Aesthetic Research 2022年第1期9卷 233-242页

作者： Sammy Othman Said C.Azoury Kevin M.Klifto LScott levin Stephen j.Kovach Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Northwell HealthNew YorkNY 1075USA Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department of SurgeryMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNY 1075USA Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department of SurgeryUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMO 65211USA Department of Orthopedic Surgery University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department of SurgeryUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA

Soft-tissue management and subsequent salvage of the lower extremity following trauma has long presented difficult challenges to the plastic *** to the lower extremity can produce long-term sequelae consisting of psychological trauma,functional deficits,and increased costs to the healthcare *** incorrect management is important,and is compounded by the fact that few guidelines exist on appropriate treatment and patient *** study aims to describe the authors’experience at a large limb salvage center in order to further delineate management strategies.

关键词： Reconstructive surgery trauma lower extremity microsurgery soft-tissue

Coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical modeling of frost heave and water migration during artificial freezing of soils for mineshaft sinking

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journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2022年第2期14卷 537-559页

作者： M.Zhelnin A.Kostina A.Prokhorov O.Plekhov M.Semin L.levin Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Perm614013Russia Mining Institute of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Perm614007Russia

Artificial freezing of water-bearing soil layers composing a sedimentary deposit can induce frost heave and water migration that affect the natural stress-strain state of the soil layers and freezing *** the present paper,a thermo-hydro-mechanical(THM)model for freezing of water-saturated soil is proposed to study the effects of frost heave and water migration in frozen soils on the formation of a frozen wall and subsequent excavation activity for sinking a vertical *** governing equations of the model are formulated relative to porosity,temperature,and displacement which are considered as primary *** relationship between temperature,pore water,and ice pressure in frozen soil is established by the Clausius-Clapeyron equation,whereas the interaction between the stress-strain behavior and changes in porosity and pore pressure is described with the poromechanics ***,constitutive relations for additional mechanical deformation are incorporated to describe volumetric expansion of soil during freezing as well as creep strain of soil in the frozen *** ability of the proposed model to capture the frost heave of frozen soil is demonstrated by a comparison between numerical results and experimental data given by a one-sided freezing *** to validate the model in other freezing conditions,a radial freezing experiment is *** the validation procedure,the model is applied to numerical simulation of artificial freezing of silt and sand layers for shaft sinking at Petrikov potash mine in *** of calculated temperature with thermal monitoring data during active freezing stage is *** analysis of deformation of unsupported sidewall of a shaft inside the frozen wall is conducted to account for the change in natural stress-strain state of soil layers induced by artificial freezing.

关键词： Artificial ground freezing(AGF) Thermo-hydro-mechanical(THM)modeling Frost effects Frozen wall Shaft sinking

A rare case of severe third degree friction burns and large Morel-Lavallee lesion of the abdominal wall

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Burns & Trauma 2018年第1期6卷 63-66页

作者： Darnell j.Brown Kuo jung G.Lu Kristina Chang jennifer levin john T.Schulz jeremy Goverman Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA

Background: Morel-Lavallee lesions (MLLs) are rare internal degloving injuries typically caused by blunt traumatic injuries and most commonly occur around the hips and in association with pelvic or acetabular fractures. MLL is often overlooked in the setting of poly-trauma;therefore, clinicians must maintain a high degree of suspicion and be familiar with the management of such injuries, especially in obese poly-trauma patients. Case presentation: We present a 30-year-old female pedestrian struck by a motor vehicle who sustained multiple long bone fractures, a mesenteric hematoma, and full-thickness abdominal skin friction burn which masked a significant underlying abdominal MLL. The internal degloving caused significant devascularization of the overlying soft tissue and skin which required surgical drainage of hematoma, abdominal wall reconstruction with tangential excision, allografting, negative pressure wound therapy, and ultimately autografting. Conclusion: MLL is a rare, often overlooked, internal degloving injury. Surgeons must maintain a high index of suspicion when dealing with third degree friction burns as they may mask underlying injuries such as MLL, and a delay in diagnosis can lead to increased morbidity.

关键词： Friction burns Blunt trauma friction burns nternal degloving injuries Morel-Lavallee lesion Traumatic pseudocyst

Quantifying relations between altered hydrology and fish community responses for streams in Minnesota

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Ecological Processes 2022年第1期11卷 536-560页

作者： jeffrey R.Ziegeweid Gregory D.johnson Aliesha L.Krall Kara Fitzpatrick Sara B.levin U.S.Geological Survey California Water Science Center6000 J StPlacer HallSacramentoCA 85819USA U.S.Geological Survey Upper Midwest Water Science Center2280 Woodale DrMounds ViewMN 55112USA Minnesota Pollution Control Agency 520 Lafayette RdSt.PaulMN 55155USA Minnesota Pollution Control Agency 7678 College RoadSuite 105BaxterMN 56425USA

Background:Altered hydrology is a stressor on aquatic life,but quantitative relations between specific aspects of streamflow alteration and biological responses have not been developed on a statewide scale in *** sub-sets regression analysis was used to develop linear regression models that quantify relations among five categories of hydrologic metrics(i.e.,duration,frequency,magnitude,rate-of-change,and timing)computed from streamgage records and six categories of biological metrics(i.e.,composition,habitat,life history,reproductive,tolerance,trophic)computed from fish-community samples,as well as fish-based indices of biotic integrity(FIBI)scores and FIBI scores normalized to an impairment threshold of the corresponding stream class(FIBI_BCG4).Relations between hydrology and fish community responses were examined using three hydrologic datasets that represented periods of record,long-term changes,and short-term changes to flow regimes in streams of ***:Regression models demonstrated significant relations between hydrologic explanatory metrics and fish-based biological response metrics,and the five regression models with the strongest linear relations explained over 70%of the variability in the biological metric using three hydrologic metrics as explanatory ***-based biological metrics demonstrated the strongest linear relations to hydrologic *** most commonly used hydrologic metrics were related to bankfull flows and aspects of flow ***:Final regression models represent paired streamgage records and biological samples throughout the State of Minnesota and encompass differences in stream orders,hydrologic landscape units,and watershed *** methods can support evaluations of stream fish communities and facilitate targeted efforts to improve the health of fish *** also can be applied to locations outside of Minnesota with continuous streamgage data and fish-community sampl

关键词： EflowStats Best subset regression Altered hydrology Fish community Indices of biotic integrity Ecological flows

Pharmacist and Physician Collaborative Practice Model Improves Vancomycin Dosing in an Intensive Care Unit

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International journal of Clinical Medicine 2016年第10期7卷 675-684页

作者： Dimitriy levin jeffrey j. Glasheen Tyree H. Kiser Department of Medicine University of Colorado Aurora Colorado USA University of Colorado Hospital Medicine Group Aurora Colorado USA University of Colorado Hospital Authority Aurora Colorado USA Department of Clinical Pharmacy University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Aurora Colorado USA

Objective: A pharmacist and physician collaborative practice intervention to improve the initial dosing of vancomycin was implemented with the goal of decreasing the number of subtherapeutic first troughs and increasing the number of therapeutic troughs. Methods: Using the best available evidence, a nomogram was created to determine the initial vancomycin dose. The nomogram utilized actual bodyweight and glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) estimated with the MDRD4 equation. The dose was based on the 2009 ASHP/IDSA/SIDP guidelines, which recommended 15 - 20 mg/kg every 8 - 12 hours. Providers ordered “vancomycin IV dosed per pharmacy”. Results: The pre- (n = 75) and post-intervention (n = 108) cohorts had similar age, gender distribution, weight, and eGFR. The median total daily vancomycin dose was similar in pre- and post-intervention groups (2000 mg), although the median first trough was higher following the intervention (13.0 vs. 14.8 mcg/ml, p = 0.03). Following the intervention, the proportion of first troughs under 10 mcg/ml decreased (32% to 13%, p = 0.003), while the proportion of troughs in the 10 - 20 mcg/ml therapeutic range increased (50.7% vs. 69.4%, p = 0.01). There was no difference in the proportion of troughs over 20 mcg/ml (17.3% vs. 17.6%, p = 0.96). Conclusions: A multi-disciplinary intervention utilizing a nomogram-based pharmacy collaborative practice model significantly improves the proportion of therapeutic initial vancomycin troughs and decreases the number of subtherapeutic troughs by half.

关键词： Vancomycin Nomogram Protocol Collaborative Practice Therapeutic Drug Monitoring