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Secondary organic aerosol formation from straw burning using an oxidation flow reactor

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第4期34卷 249-258页

作者： Hui Wang Song Guo Zhijun Wu Kai Qiao Rongzhi Tang Ying Yu Weizhao Xu Wenfei Zhu Liwu Zeng Xiaofeng Huang Lingyan He mattias hallquist State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution ControlMinistry of Education(IJRC)College of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 10044China Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology College of Environment and EnergyPeking University Shenzhen Graduate SchoolShenzhen 518055China Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology Atmospheric ScienceUniversity of GothenburgSE-41296 GothenburgSweden

Herein,we use an oxidation flow reactor,Gothenburg:Potential Aerosol Mass(Go:PAM)reactor,to investigate the secondary organic aerosol(SOA)formation from wheat straw burning.Biomass burning emissions are exposed to high concentrations of hydroxyl radicals(OH)to simulate processes equivalent to atmospheric oxidation of 0-2.55 days.Primary volatile organic compounds(VOCs)were investigated,and particles were measured before and after the Go:PAM reactor.The influence of water content(i.e.5%and 11%)in wheat straw was also explored.Two burning stages,the flaming stage,and non-flaming stages,were identified.Primary particle emission factors(EFs)at a water content of 11%(~3.89 g/kg-fuel)are significantly higher than those at a water content of 5%(~2.26 g/kg-fuel)during the flaming stage.However,the water content showed no significant influence at the non-flaming stage.EFs of aromatics at a non-flaming stage(321.8±46.2 mg/kg-fuel)are larger than that at a flaming stage(130.9±37.1 mg/kg-fuel).The OA enhancement ratios increased with the increase in OH exposure at first and decreased with the additional increment of OH exposure.The maximum OA enhancement ratio is~12 during the non-flaming stages,which is much higher than~1.7 during the flaming stages.The mass spectrum of the primary wheat burning organic aerosols closely resembles that of resolved biomass burning organic aerosols(BBOA)based on measurements in ambient air.Our results show that large gap(0%-90%)still remains to estimate biomass burning SOA if only the oxidation of VOCs were included.

关键词： Gothenburg:Potential Aerosol Mass(Go:PAM)reactor Wheat straw burning Flaming Non-flaming Secondary organic aerosol formation

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ion acceleration;quantum electrodynamic effects

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2024年第1期12卷 60-73页

作者： Shikha Bhadoria mattias Marklund Christoph H.Keitel Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik HeidelbergGermany Department of Physics University of GothenburgGöteborgSweden

The impact of radiation reaction and Breit±Wheeler pair production on the acceleration of fully ionized carbon ions driven by an intense linearly polarized laser pulse has been investigated in the ultra-relativistic transparency regime.Against initial expectations, the radiation reaction and pair production at ultra-high laser intensities are found to enhance the energy gained by the ions. The electrons lose most of their transverse momentum, and the additionally produced pair plasma of Breit±Wheeler electrons and positrons co-streams in the forward direction as opposed to the existing electrons streaming at an angle above zero degree. We discuss how these observations could be explained by the changes in the phase velocity of the Buneman instability, which is known to aid ion acceleration in the breakout afterburner regime, by tapping the free energy in the relative electron and ion streams. We present evidence that these non-classical effects can further improve the highest carbon ion energies in this transparency regime.

关键词： ion acceleration quantum electrodynamic effects

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Significant effects of transport on nanoparticles during new particle formation events in the atmosphere of Beijing

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Particuology 2023年第9期80卷 1-10页

作者： Dongjie Shang Min Hu Lizi Tang Xin Fang Ying Liu Yusheng Wu Zhuofei Du Xuhui Cai Zhijun Wu Shengrong Lou mattias hallquist Song Guo Yuanhang Zhang State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringInternational JointLaboratory for Regional Pollution ControlMinistry of Education(IJRC)Peking UniversityBeijing100871China Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing210044China Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology University of GothenburgGothenburg41296Sweden Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences Shanghai200233China

The mechanisms of new particle formation(NPF)events that occurred under high aerosol loadings(“polluted”NPF)in the atmosphere have been unclear,which has inhibited the precision of particlepollution control.To deepen the understanding of how the“polluted”NPF events occur,a one-monthcomprehensive measurement was conducted in the atmosphere of Beijing during the summer of2016.The“clean”NPF events(frequency=22%)(condensation sink,CS0.015 s^(-1))were influenced by both local nucleation-growth and regional transport,and the contributions from thetwo factors to 6e25 nm particle number concentration were 60%and 40%,respectively.This studyemphasized the importance of the transport for nanoparticles in relatively polluted atmospheres,and forthat the regional joint particle pollution control would be an essential policy.

关键词： New particle formation Transport Nanoparticles Sulfuric acid

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Photochemical smog in China:scientific challenges and implications for air-quality policies

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National Science Review 2016年第4期3卷 401-403页

作者： mattias hallquist John Munthe Min Hu Tao Wang Chak K Chan Jian Gao Johan Boman Song Guo ?sa M hallquist Johan Mellqvist Jana Moldanova Ravi K Pathak Jan BC Pettersson H?kan Pleijel David Simpson Marie Thynell Norwegian Meteorological Institute School of Global Studies University of Gothenburg Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology University of Gothenburg IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringPeking University Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering the Hong Kong Polytechnic University School of Energy and Environment City University of Hong Kong Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology Earth and Space Sciences Chalmers University of Technology Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Gothenburg

INTRODUCTION Severe air-pollution events in many parts of China pose a major threat to health and ecosystems[1].China’s air pollution is concentrated to economically developed areas,such as Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei(BT... 详细信息

关键词： Photochemical smog in China SOA OOA

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Size-resolved effective density of submicron particles during summertime in the rural atmosphere of Beijing, China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第11期30卷 69-77页

作者： Kai Qiao Zhijun Wu Xiangyu Pei Qianyun Liu Dongjie Shang Jing Zheng Zhuofei Du Wenfei Zhu Yusheng Wu Shengrong Lou Song Guo Chak K.Chan Ravi Kant Pathak mattias hallquist Min Hu State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China Atmospheric Science Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology University of Gothenburg Gothenburg 412 96 Sweden Division of Environment and Sustainability Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences Shanghai 200233 China School of Energy and Environment City University of Hong Kong Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Hong Kong China

Particle density is an important physical property of atmospheric particles. The information on high time-resolution size-resolved particle density is essential for understanding the atmospheric physical and chemical aging processes of aerosols particles. In the present study, a centrifugal particle mass analyzer （CPMA） combined with a differential mobility analyzer （DMA） was deployed to determine the size-resolved effective density of 50 to 350 nm particles at a rural site of Beijing during summer 2016. The measured particle effective densities decreased with increasing particle sizes and ranged from 1.43 to 1.55 g/cm3, on average. The effective particle density distributions were dominated by a mode peaked at around 1.5 g/cm3 for 50 to 350 nm particles. Extra modes with peaks at 1.0, 0.8, and 0.6 g/cm3 for 150, 240, and 350 nm particles, which might be freshly emitted soot particles, were observed during intensive primary emissions episodes. The particle effective densities showed a diurnal variation pattern, with higher values during daytime. A case study showed that the effective density of Aitken mode particles during the new particle formation （NPF） event decreased considerably, indicating the significant contribution of organics to new particle growth.

关键词： Effective density Atmospheric aerosol Centrifugal particle mass analyzer Rural site New particle formation

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Size Distributions of Aerosol Sulfates and Nitrates in Beijing during the 2008 Olympic Games： Impacts of Pollution Control Measures and Regional Transport

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2013年第2期30卷 341-353页

作者： WANG Xinfeng WANG Tao Ravi Kant PATHAK mattias hallquist GAO Xiaomeit NIE Wei XUE Likun GAO Jian GAO Rui ZHANG Qingzhu WANG Wenxing WANG Shulan CHAI Fahe CHEN Yizhen Environment Research Institute Shandong University Jinan 250100 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science Beijing 100012 Department of Chemistry University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden

For the 2008 Olympic Games, drastic control measures were implemented on industrial and urban emissions of sulfur dioxide （SO2）, nitrogen oxides （NOx） and other pollutants to address the issues of poor air quality in Beijing. To investigate the effects of SO2 and NOx reductions on the particulate sulfate and nitrate concentrations as well as their size distributions, size-segregated aerosol samples were collected using micro-orifice uniform deposit impactors （MOUDIs） at urban and downwind rural sites in Beijing before and after full-scale controls. During the sampling period, the mass concentrations of fine particles （PMI.s） at the urban and rural sites were 94.0 and 85.9 p.g m-3, respectively. More than 90% of the sulfates and 60% of nitrates formed as fine particles. Benefiting from the advantageous meteorological conditions and the source controls, sulfates were observed in rather low concentrations and primarily in condensation mode during the Olympics. The effects of the control measures were separately analyzed for the northerly and the southerly air-mass-dominated days to account for any bias. After the control measures were implemented, PM, sulfates, and nitrates were significantly reduced when the northerly air masses prevailed, with a higher percentage of reduction in larger particles. The droplet mode particles, which dominated the sulfates and nitrates before the controls were implemented, were remarkably reduced in mass concentration after the control measures were implemented. Nevertheless, when the polluted southerly air masses prevailed, the local source control measures in Beijing did not effectively reduce the ambient sulfate concentration due to the enormous regional contribution from the North China Plain.

关键词： size distribution aerosol sulfate nitrate control effect Olympic Games

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Rough operators: sphingomyelinase inhibitors spike NK cells to kill cancer

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2023年第9期8卷 3892-3893页

作者： mattias Carlsten Yenan T.Bryceson Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine Department of Medicine HuddingeKarolinska Institute14157 StockholmSweden Center for Cell Therapy and Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation Karolinska Comprehensive Cancer CenterKarolinska University Hospital17176 StockholmSweden Division of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine Karolinska University Hospital17176 StockholmSweden Broegelmann Research Laboratory Department of Clinical SciencesUniversity of Bergen5030 BergenNorway

In a recent study published in Nature Immunology,Zheng et al.discovered that intratumoral NK cells were smooth and rounded as opposed to the typical vili-rich,rougher surface of normal NK cells.1 This phenotype was linked to a specific deficit in membrane sphingomyelin lipids that impaired tumor cell killing.Importantly,results suggested that NK cell-mediated immunosurveillance of cancer can be rescued by blocking enzymes that degrade sphingomyelin,uncovering a potential novel‘metabolic immune checkpoint’for which pharmacological inhibition holds promise for cancer therapy.NK cells are generally considered a subset of innate lymphoid cells that mediate cellular cytotoxicity.

关键词： myelin impaired cancer

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Ascites and complications: getting to the root of the trouble

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2023年第1期12卷 124-127页

作者： mattias Mandorfer Benedikt Simbrunner Vienna Hepatic Hemodynamic Lab Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of Internal Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria

After nearly a decade,the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases has updated its guidance on the diagnosis,evaluation,and management of ascites and its complications(1).Ascites is the most common first hepatic decompensating event,thereby denoting the transition to from compensated advanced chronic liver disease(cACLD)to decompensated cirrhosis-(literally)a watershed moment in the natural history of liver disease(2).

关键词： Cirrhosis portal hypertension transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS) albumin

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Sorption of Perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS) including its isomers on hydrargillite as a function of pH,humic substances and Na2SO4

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第1期34卷 263-272页

作者： Jean-Noel Uwayezu Leo W.Y.Yeung mattias Bäckström Man-Technology-Environment Research Centre(MTM) Örebro University70182ÖrebroSweden

Perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS)is a persistent organic pollutant(POP)and emergent contaminant that are widespread in the environment.Understanding the mechanisms controlling the distribution of PFOS and its isomers between hydrargillite and the water phase is important in order to study their redistribution and mobility in the environment.This study investigated the effects of pH,humic acid,fulvic acid and Na_(2)SO_(4) on sorption of PFOS isomers to hydrargillite.A mixture of PFOS isomers was spiked into water and hydrargillite was added to the system and shaken for one day;the system was tested with different aqueous composition.Concentrations of PFOS isomers in the aqueous phase were quantified using an ultra-performance liquid chromatograph coupled to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer.Our results showed that the distribution coefficients of PFOS isomers were found to be 0.76,0.71,0.93 and 0.90 at pH 6.5,for 3-/4-/5-PFOS,6-/2-PFOS,L-PFOS and total PFOS respectively.The distribution coefficients increased at lower pH and decreased at alkaline conditions.The presence of humic substances(HS)increased the sorption slightly at the environmental pH of 6.5,although a competition effect was observed during acidic conditions.A tendency of PFOS distribution to hydrargillite in the presence of Na_(2)SO_(4) was like its behavior in the presence of HS although the mechanisms behind the sorption were interpreted differently.This study revealed that L-PFOS was readily sorbed when no other chemicals were added or in 20 mg/L FA or 100 mg/L Na_(2)SO_(4).We suggest that an increase in PFOS sorption in the presence of HS may be due to hydrophobic mechanisms while Na_(2)SO_(4) contributed to increased sorption through ionic strength effects.

关键词： Hydrargillite Perfluorooctane sulfonate Sorption Humic substances Electrostatic,Ionic strength

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Comparison of emergency surgical cricothyroidotomy and percutaneous cricothyroidotomy by experienced airway providers in an obese,in vivo porcine hemorrhage airway model

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军事医学研究:英文版 2023年第4期10卷 421-430页

作者： Tomas Karlsson Andreas Brännström Mikael Gellerfors Jenny Gustavsson mattias Günther Department of Clinical Science and Education Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive CareKarolinska Institutet11883 StockholmSweden Department of Neuroscience Karolinska Institutet17177 StockholmSweden Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive CareKarolinska Institutet11883 StockholmSweden Department of Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care Karolinska University Hospital17177 StockholmSweden Swedish Air Ambulance(SLA) 79291 MoraSweden Rapid Response Cars 18233 StockholmSweden.

Background: Emergency front-of-neck airway(eFONA) is a life-saving procedure in “cannot intubate, cannot oxygenate”(CICO). The fastest and most reliable method of eFONA has not been determined. We compared two of the most advocated approaches: surgical cricothyroidotomy and percutaneous cricothyroidotomy, in an obese, in vivo porcine hemorrhage model, designed to introduce real-time physiological feedback, relevant and high provider stress. The primary aim was to determine the fastest method to secure airway. Secondary aims were arterial saturation and partial pressure of oxygen, proxy survival and influence of experience.Methods: Twelve pigs [(60.3±4.1) kg] were anesthetized and exposed to 25%–35% total blood volume hemorrhage before extubation and randomization to Seldinger technique “percutaneous cricothyroidotomy”(n=6) or scalpelbougie-tube technique “surgical cricothyroidotomy”(n=6). Specialists in anesthesia and intensive care in a tertiary referral hospital performed the eFONA, simulating an actual CICO-situation.Results: In surgical cricothyroidotomy vs. percutaneous cricothyroidotomy, the median(interquartile range, IQR) times to secure airway were 109(IQR 71–130) s and 298(IQR 128–360) s(P=0.0152), arterial blood saturation(SaO2) were 74.7(IQR 46.6–84.2)% and 7.9(IQR 4.1–15.6)%(P=0.0167), PaO_(2) were 7.0(IQR 4.7–7.7) kPa and 2.0(IQR 1.1–2.9) kPa(P=0.0667), and times of cardiac arrest(proxy survival) were 137–233 s, 190(IQR 143–229) s, from CICO. All six animals survived surgical cricothyroidotomy, and two of six(33%) animals survived percutaneous cricothyroidotomy. Years in anesthesia, 13.5(IQR 7.5–21.3), did not influence time to secure airway.Conclusions: eFONA by surgical cricothyroidotomy was faster and had increased oxygenation and survival, when performed under stress by board certified anesthesiologists, and may be an indication of preferred method in situations with hemorrhage and CICO, in obese patients.

关键词： Emergency front-of-neck airway “Cannot intubate cannot oxygenate”(CICO) Surgical cricothyroidotomy,Percutaneous cricothyroidotomy Porcine model

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