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Pancreatic pseudocy.t:The past,the present,and the future

World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第7期16卷 1986-2002页

作者： Jonathan GA Koo matthias y. quan liau Igor A Kry.oruchko Tamer AAM Habeeb Christopher Chia Vishal G Shelat Department of General Surgery Khoo Teck Puat HospitalSingapore 768828Singapore Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 308232Singapore Department of Surgery.No.2 Kharkiv National Medical UniversityKharkiv 61022Ukraine Department of General Surgery Faculty of Medicine Zagazig UniversitySharkia 44511Egypt Department of Gastroenterology Woodlands General HospitalSingapore 737628Singapore Department of General Surgery Tan Tock Seng HospitalSingapore 308433Singapore

A pancreatic pseudocy.t is defined as an encapsulated fluid collection with a welldefined inflammatory.wall with minimal or no *** diagnosis cannot be made prior to 4 wk after the onset of *** clinical presentation is often nonspecific,with abdominal pain being the most common *** a diagnosis is suspected,contrast-enhanced computed tomography.and/or magnetic resonance imaging are performed to confirm the diagnosis and assess the characteristics of the *** ultrasound with cy.t fluid analy.is can be performed in cases of diagnostic *** of the pancreas can lead to complications such as hemorrhage,infection,and *** management of pancreatic pseudocy.ts depends on the presence of sy.ptoms and the development of complications,such as biliary.or gastric outlet *** options include endoscopic or surgical *** aim of this review was to summarize the current literature on pancreatic pseudocy.ts and discuss the evolution of the definitions,diagnosis,and management of this condition.

关键词： Pancreatic pseudocy.t Pancreatic fluid collection Cy.tic pancreatic lesions Pancreatitis Endoscopic ultrasound

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Ethical frontiers in liver transplantation

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World Journal of Transplantation 2024年第4期14卷 50-60页

作者： Hoi Pong Nicholas Wong Sury. Varma Selvakumar Pei y. Loh Jovan y. Jun liau matthias y. quan liau Vishalkumar Girishchandra Shelat Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 308232Singapore Department of General Surgery Tan Tock Seng HospitalSingapore 308433Singapore Surgical Science Training Centre Tan Tock Seng HospitalSingapore 308433Singapore

Liver transplantation represents a pivotal intervention in the management of end-stage liver disease,offering a lifeline to countless *** significant strides in surgical techniques and organ procurement,ethical dilemmas and de-bates continue to underscore this life-saving *** the ethical terrain surrounding this complex procedure is hence *** the nuances of ethical principles of justice,autonomy.and beneficence that underpin transplant protocols worldwide,we explore the modern challenges that plaques the world of liver *** investigate the ethical dimensions of organ transplantation,focusing on allocation,emerging technologies,and decision-making ***,Scopus,Web of Science,Embase and Central were searched from database inception to February.29,2024 using the following key.words:“liver transplant”,“transplantation”,“liver donation”,“liver recipient”,“organ donation”and“ethics”.Information from relevant articles surrounding ethical discussions in the realm of liver transplantation,especially.with regards to organ recipients and allocation,organ donation,transplant tourism,new age technologies and developments,were *** the definition of death to the long term follow up of organ recipients,liver transplantation has many.ethical *** new transplant techniques,societal acceptance and perceptions also play.a pivotal ***,religious and regional factors including but not limited to beliefs,wealth and accessibility.are extremely.influential in public at-titudes towards donation,xenotransplantation,stem cell research,and adopting artificial *** and addressing these perspectives whilst upholding bioethical principles is essential to ensure just distribution and fair allocation of *** regulatory.oversight for ethical sourcing of organs,ensuring good patient selection and transplant techniques,and high-quality.long-term surveillance to mitiga

关键词： “liver transplant” “transplan-tation” “liver donation” “liver recipient” “organ donation”and“ethics”

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Can propensity.score matching replace randomized controlled trials?

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World Journal of Methodology 2024年第1期14卷 58-70页

作者： matthias y. quan liau En Qi Toh Shamir Muhamed Sury. Varma Selvakumar Vishalkumar Girishchandra Shelat Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 308232Singapore Department of General Surgery Tan Tock Seng HospitalSingapore 308433Singapore Surgical Science Training Centre Tan Tock Seng HospitalSingapore 308433Singapore

Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)have long been recognized as the gold standard for establishing causal relationships in clinical *** that,various limitations of RCTs prevent its widespread implementation,ranging from the ethicality.of withholding potentially.lifesaving treatment from a group to relatively.poor external validity.due to stringent inclusion criteria,amongst ***,with the introduction of propensity.score matching(PSM)as a retrospective statistical tool,new frontiers in establishing causation in clinical research were opened *** predicts treatment effects using observational data from existing sources such as registries or electronic health records,to create a matched sample of participants who received or did not receive the intervention based on their propensity.scores,which takes into account characteristics such as age,gender and *** its retrospective nature and its use of observational data from existing sources,PSM circumvents the aforementioned ethical issues faced by.*** of RCTs exclude elderly.pregnant women and y.ung children;thus,evidence of therapy.efficacy.is rarely.proven by.robust clinical research for this *** the other hand,by.matching study.patient characteristics to that of the population of interest,including the elderly.pregnant women and y.ung children,PSM allows for generalization of results to the wider population and hence greatly.increases the external *** of replacing RCTs with PSM,the sy.ergistic integration of PSM into RCTs stands to provide better research outcomes with both methods complementing each *** example,in an RCT investigating the impact of mannitol on outcomes among participants of the Intensive Blood Pressure Reduction in Acute Cerebral Hemorrhage Trial,the baseline characteristics of comorbidities and current medications between treatment and control arms were significantly.different despite the randomization ***,PS

关键词： Propensity.score matching Randomized controlled trials Randomization Clinical practice Validity Ethics

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安徽岳西赣语的完成体和进行体

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南昌大学学报（人文社会科学版） 2014年第3期45卷 157-160页

作者：黄拾全惠州学院中文系广东惠州516007

从内部观察,完成体和进行体分别表示事件的完成和未完成。安徽岳西赣语完成体、进行体的标记词丰富,格式多样,较具特色。二者以"着""脱""在""在恁底""在底""倒"等为标记,构成不同的格式。其中"动词+着"使用频率非常高,"着"的体标记功能... 详细信息

从内部观察,完成体和进行体分别表示事件的完成和未完成。安徽岳西赣语完成体、进行体的标记词丰富,格式多样,较具特色。二者以"着""脱""在""在恁底""在底""倒"等为标记,构成不同的格式。其中"动词+着"使用频率非常高,"着"的体标记功能有所衰减、损耗,为强调动作的完成,叠加表示完成的标记"了[liau44]",形成"动词+着+了"的格式。进行体标记"在恁底[?hei13n·24-2ti0]"源于处所义"在恁底[?hei13n·24ti0]"的虚化。

关键词：岳西赣语完成体进行体了在恁底

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