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Ion emission from warm dense matter produced by irradiation with a soft x-ray free-electron laser

Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第1期9卷 71-84页

作者： Josef Krása Tomás Burian Vera Hájková Jaromír Chalupský Šimon Jelínek Katerina Frantálová Michal Krupka Zuzana Kuglerová Sushil Kumar Singh Vojtech Vozda Ludek Vysín MichalŠmíd Pablo Perez-Martin Marion Kühlman Juan Pintor Jakub Cikhardt matthias dreimann Dennis Eckermann Felix Rosenthal Sam M.Vinko Alessandro Forte Thomas Gawne Thomas Campbell Shenyuan Ren YuanFeng Shi Trevor Hutchinson Oliver Humphries Thomas Preston Mikako Makita Motoaki Nakatsutsumi Xiayun Pan Alexander Köhler Marion Harmand Sven Toleikis Katerina Falk Libor Juha Department of Radiation and Chemical Physics Institute of PhysicsCzech Academy of SciencesNa Slovance 218221 Prague 8Czech Republic Laser Plasma Department Institute of Plasma PhysicsCzech Academy of SciencesZa Slovankou 318200 Prague 8Czech Republic Department of Surface and Plasma Science Faculty of Mathematics and PhysicsCharles University in PragueV Holesovi ckách 218000 Prague 8Czech Republic Department of Physical Electronics Faculty of Nuclear Science and Engineering PhysicsCzech Technical University in PragueV Holesovi ckách 218000 Prague 8Czech Republic Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Bautzner Landstraße 40001328 DresdenGermany DESY Photon Science Notkestraße 85D-22607 HamburgGermany Institut de Minéralogie de Physique des Matériaux et de CosmochimieUMR 7590–UPMC/CNRS/IRD/MNHNSorbonne Université4 place Jussieu75005 ParisFrance Department of Physics Faculty of Electrical EngineeringCzech Technical University in PragueTechnická216627 Prague 6Czech Republic Center for Soft Nanoscience University of MünsterBusso-Peus-Straße 10D-48149 MünsterGermany Department of Physics Clarendon LaboratoryUniversity of OxfordParks RoadOxford OX13PUUnited Kingdom Central Laser Facility STFC Rutherford Appleton LaboratoryDidcot OX110QXUnited Kingdom Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory 7000 East AvenueLivermoreCalifornia 94550USA European XFEL GmbH Holzkoppel 4D-22869 SchenefeldGermany Technische Universität Dresden 01062 DresdenGermany

We report on an experiment performed at the FLASH2 free-electron laser(FEL)aimed at producing warm dense matter via soft x-ray isochoric *** the experiment,we focus on study of the ions emitted during the soft x-ray ablation process using time-of-flight electron multipliers and a shifted Maxwell–Boltzmann velocity distribution *** find that most emitted ions are thermal,but that some impurities chemisorbed on the target surface,such as protons,are accelerated by the electrostatic field created in the plasma by escaped *** morphology of the complex crater structure indicates the presence of several ion groups with varying *** find that the ion sound velocity is controlled by the ion temperature and show how the ion yield depends on the FEL radiation attenuation length in different materials.

关键词： electrostatic emitted chemi

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